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Pengiran Muhammad Salleh

Not to be confused with Pengiran Mohammad Salleh (died 1858).
In this Malay name, there is no surname or family name. The name Pengiran Anak Muhammad is a patronymic, and the person should be referred to by their given name, Pengiran Muhammad Salleh. The word "bin" or "binti"/"binte" means 'son of' or 'daughter of', respectively.
Yang Teramat Mulia Seri Paduka Pengiran Di-Gadong Sahibul Mal
Pengiran Muhammad Salleh
DK SPMB POAS PJK
ڤڠيرن محمد صالح
Pengiran Muhammad Salleh, c. 1959
Born1890 (1890)
Kampong Pemancha Lama, Kampong Ayer, Brunei
Died(1969-02-22)22 February 1969 (aged 79)
Brunei
Resting placeRoyal Mausoleum, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
Known forMember of Tujuh Serangkai committee from 1953 to 1954

Pengiran Muhammad Salleh bin Pengiran Anak Haji Muhammad[a] (1890 – 22 February 1969) was a religious figure and noble cleric who held the position of Pengiran Di-Gadong in Brunei. Serving from 1968 to 1969, this title represents the second most senior rank within the wazir class of state officials. In addition, he was a member of the Tujuh Serangkai ("Seven Branches") committee from 1953 to 1954, and Brunei Islamic Religious Council (MUIB) from 1959 to 1969.

He was widely regarded as a devoted religious figure who dedicated much of his life to the development of Islam.[1] A strong advocate for English-language education, he also championed the strict enforcement of Islamic laws, including the prohibition of alcohol consumption for Muslims and the regulation of Khalwat violations.

Early life and education

Pengiran Muhammad Salleh was born in 1890[2] in Kampong Pemancha Lama, a village within Kampong Ayer.[3] He attended balai ulama to study religious knowledge in Brunei.[2]

Career

Pengiran Muhammad Salleh (seated first from the left) with other State Council members in 1951

Pengiran Muhammad Salleh played a crucial role in Brunei's religious administration due to his deep religious knowledge, beginning his service as kadi besar on 1 January 1940 during Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin's reign.[4][5] He was first appointed to the State Council in July 1941[2] and reappointed in 1946, serving until Brunei's constitution was signed in 1959.[6] A strong advocate for English-language education, he forwarded a request from the nationalist group Barisan Pemuda to the British Resident. He also proposed installing two flagstaffs—one for the Brunei flag and another for the Union Jack—at the Bubungan Dua Belas, a suggestion approved by the State Council.[6] In 1948, he was appointed as an adviser to the Sharia Council.[2]

Pengiran Muhammad Salleh (no. 2) in a group photograph with the other six members of the Tujuh Serangkai
Pengiran Muhammad Salleh (standing first from the right) with Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III (centre) and other state dignitaries in 1953

Pengiran Muhammad Salleh, a member of the Tujuh Serangkai, was highly regarded for his fluency in Quranic recitation and deep knowledge of royal customs, as described by Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III in Syair Perlembagaan Negeri Brunei. The Tujuh Serangkai was formed in July 1953 as the first step toward drafting Brunei's proposed constitution, with its members, including wazirs, cheteria, manteri, and State Council members, tasked with gathering public opinion. As part of the committee, Pengiran Muhammad Salleh played a key role in compiling public feedback and constitutional analysis into a fifty-page report, which was submitted on 23 March 1954[7] and received an unexpectedly positive response from the authorities.[8]

In 1955, Pengiran Muhammad Salleh joined the state religious council.[2] He also led the Persatuan Kesatuan Islam Brunei, a religious organisation established in Brunei and Muara (now Brunei–Muara District) on 15 March 1956.[9] Additionally, he was appointed as the district officer of Brunei and Muara on 12 June 1956.[7]

In 1958, he warned that Muslims found guilty of violating Islamic laws would face the heaviest penalties permitted. His statement followed the proposed enforcement of a 1955 law prohibiting Muslims from purchasing and consuming alcohol in coffee shops and eateries. He expressed concern over the increasing violations of Islamic law, emphasising the need to prevent moral decline. Additionally, he stated that laws on Khalwat would also be strictly enforced, as rising cases had led to divorces. The proposal included limiting the number of shops permitted to sell alcohol to non-Muslims.[10]

From 1959 to 1968, Pengiran Muhammad Salleh served as the state religious advisor.[2] On 14 March 1959, during the absence of the sultan, who travelled to London to negotiate a written constitution for Brunei, he and Pengiran Muda Hashim were appointed as regents and began their duties, a role they had previously undertaken several times.[11] On 7 July 1959, he accompanied Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III and Tunku Puan Besar Kurshiah during their visit to Kampong Ayer as part of the official state visit by Tuanku Abdul Rahman, the Yang Di-Pertuan Agong, and his wife to Brunei.[12]

Pengiran Muhammad Salleh (seated second right) with 1959 LegCo members outside the Lapau

Pengiran Muhammad Salleh was among the dignitaries present at the signing of Brunei's written constitution and the new agreement with the United Kingdom at the Lapau on 29 September 1959.[13] The following month, he was appointed to both the MUIB and the Adat Istiadat Council, which were established to oversee matters related to religion, customs, and the state court. He was one of the 20 individuals appointed, with his role as chairman of the newly formed MUIB on 15 October marking the council's creation to align religious laws and governance with the new constitution, succeeding the Sultan's previous position as its chair.[14][15] Additionally, he became one of the inaugural ex-officio members of the newly established Legislative Council of Brunei (LegCo).[16]

Pengiran Muhammad Salleh, c. 1960

From 1960 to 1966, he continued served as an official member of both the LegCo and the Executive Council.[17] On 23 April 1960, Pengiran Muhammad Salleh was appointed as one of the seven members of the Regency Council.[18] The following month, he was again appointed to the Regency Council, alongside wazirs, ministers, and LegCo members, to oversee the sultan's duties during his holiday in Malaya.[5]

Pengiran Muhammad Salleh and his wife attended the Istiadat Bersiram ceremony for Princess Masna at Istana Darul Hana on 22 July 1961, alongside royal family members, LegCo members, and government officials.[19] He was also present at the instalment ceremony on 14 August at Istana Darul Hana, where Prince Hassanal Bolkiah was officially declared as the new Pengiran Muda Mahkota (Crown Prince).[20]

Pengiran Muhammad Salleh was appointed as a member of the Regency Council, formed during the sultan's pilgrimage in May 1962, with the council chaired by Pengiran Anak Mohamed Alam.[21] Following the Brunei revolt in December, Pengiran Muhammad Salleh, along with other high-ranking officials, reaffirmed their unwavering loyalty to the sultan, vowing to sacrifice everything to combat treason and strongly condemning the rebellion led by A. M. Azahari and his followers, firmly rejecting Azahari's false claims of support from the Bruneian people.[22]

He officiated the opening of Al-Madrasatul Ittihadiah in Kampong Tasek Meradun on 20 January 1966, delivering a speech and leading the recitation of Khatam Al-Quran before the event concluded with prayers and Maghrib prayer for Muslim attendees.[23]

Death and funeral

Pengiran Muhammad Salleh's body being placed on the bier in 1969

Pengiran Muhammad Salleh died on Saturday, 22 February 1969, at the age of 79. His death was seen as a significant loss to the progress of religion, the nation, and its people. His funeral was held on the following day, with a state funeral as per Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah's orders. A week-long period of mourning was declared, with flags flown at half-mast and a public holiday announced for Monday, 24 February. The funeral procession began at 11:00 a.m. from the Pengiran Muhammad Salleh's residence, accompanied by various royal and government officials, including the sultan, the British high commissioner, and other dignitaries. The procession made its way to the Royal Mausoleum, where the body was laid to rest. The funeral was marked by a traditional display of royal regalia, with the procession accompanied by ceremonial music. The burial was led by the Pengiran Muhammad Yusuf and other key officials, and the final prayers were recited by Ismail Omar Abdul Aziz.[1]

Titles, styles and honours

Titles and styles

Personal standard of Pengiran Di-Gadong Sahibul Mal

On 12 August 1958, Pengiran Muhammad Salleh was honoured by Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III with the cheteria title of Pengiran Shahbandar Sahibul Bandar, which carries the style Yang Amat Mulia.[24][5] His final promotion came in the form of the wazir title Pengiran Di-Gadong Sahibul Mal,[b] which was conferred at the Lapau on 9 May 1968,[1] and styled as Yang Teramat Mulia Seri Paduka.[c]

Honours

Pengiran Muhammad Salleh being awarded the DK by Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III in 1967

Pengiran Muhammad Salleh has been bestowed the following honours:

Things named after him

Notes

  1. ^ The former spelling of his given name is "Pengiran Mohammad Salleh" rather than "Pengiran Muhammad Salleh," while his patronymic is written as "Pengiran Anak Mohammad" instead of "Pengiran Anak Muhammad."[1]
  2. ^ After his death, the title was shortened to "Pengiran Di-Gadong."[2] In English, the title translates to "Lord of the Treasury."[25] Pengiran Di-Gadong held the highest authority for state affairs and military matters, and overseeing the nation's wealth.[26]
  3. ^ His full title is "Yang Teramat Mulia Seri Paduka Pengiran Di-Gadong Sahibol Mal Haji Muhammad Salleh ibni Al-Marhum Pengiran Anak Haji Muhammad."

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Kemangkatan Y.T.M. Seri Paduka Duli Pengiran Di-Gadong Sahibol Mal Haji Md. Salleh" (PDF). www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn (in Malay). Pelita Brunei. 26 February 1969. pp. 1 and 4–5. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Ooi, Keat Gin (14 December 2015). Brunei – History, Islam, Society and Contemporary Issues. Abingdon: Routledge. p. 121. ISBN 978-1-317-65998-3.
  3. ^ Simat bin Angas; Suhaili bin Haji Hassan; Haji Ismail bin Ibrahim (1992). Tokoh-Tokoh Agama di Brunei Darussalam: Pengenalan Ringkas [Religious Figures in Brunei Darussalam: A Brief Introduction] (in Malay) (1st ed.). Bandar Seri Begawan: Jabatan Muzium-Muzium.
  4. ^ The Colonial Office List: 1949. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. 1949. p. 102.
  5. ^ a b c "Rengkasan Perkhidmatan Ahli2 Majlis Pemangku Raja" (PDF). www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn (in Malay). Pelita Brunei. 4 May 1960. p. 3. Retrieved 9 February 2025.
  6. ^ a b Hussainmiya, B. A. (September 2000). ""Manufacturing Consensus": The Role of the State Council in Brunei Darussalam". Journal of Southeast Asian Studies. 31 (2). Cambridge University Press: 327 and 334. doi:10.1017/S0022463400017586. Retrieved 14 September 2014.
  7. ^ a b Siti Nor Anis Nadiah Haji Mohamad; Mariam Abdul Rahman (2021). "Penggubalan Perlembagaan Negeri Brunei 1959: Satu Sorotan Sejarah" [Drafting of The Brunei Constitutions of 1959: A Historical Review]. The Sultan Alauddin Sulaiman Shah Journal. 8 (2). Selangor: Kolej Universiti Islam Selangor: 35–37. eISSN 2289-8042. ISSN 2462-1692. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  8. ^ Hussainmiya, B. A. (2019). The Making of Brunei's 1959 Constitution. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 203–204. Retrieved 21 June 2024 – via Academia.edu.
  9. ^ Haji Mohd. Salleh Abdul Latif (5 July 2014). "Sejarah Pengerakan Belia, Kan Halnya...!" (PDF). www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn (in Malay). Pelita Brunei. p. 23. Retrieved 31 May 2024 – via issuu.com.
  10. ^ "Undang2 Islam Na' Di-Kotatkan" (PDF). www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn (in Malay). Pelita Brunei. 15 December 1958. p. 7. Retrieved 15 February 2025.
  11. ^ "Lantekan Pemangku2 Raja" (PDF). www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn (in Malay). Pelita Brunei. 18 March 1959. p. 1. Retrieved 12 February 2025.
  12. ^ "Jadual Penoh Lawatan Seri Paduka Yang Di-Pertuan Agong" (PDF). www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn (in Malay). Pelita Brunei. 1 July 1959. p. 3. Retrieved 15 February 2025.
  13. ^ "Pemashhoran Perlambagaan Dan Perjanjian Baharu: Sultan Ishtiharkan Perlembagaan Istiadat Menanda Tangani Di-Lapau" (PDF). www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn (in Malay). Pelita Brunei. 29 September 1959. p. 1. Retrieved 12 February 2025.
  14. ^ "Ahli2 Majlis Ugama Baharu: D. Y. M. M. Lantek 26 Orang Pengerusi: Kadhi Besar" (PDF). www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn (in Malay). Pelita Brunei. 21 October 1959. p. 5. Retrieved 9 February 2025.
  15. ^ "Majlis Untok Mengkaji Hukum Ugama: Tujuan-Memberi kebebasan menimbangkan hukum2 ugama" (PDF). www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn (in Malay). Pelita Brunei. 21 October 1959. p. 1. Retrieved 15 February 2025.
  16. ^ "Ahli-Ahli Majlis Meshuarat Kerajaan Brunei" (PDF). www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn (in Malay). Pelita Brunei. 4 November 1959. p. 5. Retrieved 9 February 2025.
  17. ^ Awang Mohamad Yusop Damit (1995). Brunei Darussalam 1944-1962: Constitutional and Political Development in a Malay-Muslim Sultanate (PDF) (PhD thesis). London: University of London. p. 407. Retrieved 15 February 2025.
  18. ^ "Lantekan Ahli2 Majlis Pemangku Raja" (PDF). Pelita Brunei. 4 May 1960. p. 1. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
  19. ^ "Puteri Di-Raja Bersiram" (PDF). www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn (in Malay). Pelita Brunei. 2 August 1961. p. 1. Retrieved 15 February 2025.
  20. ^ "Istiadat Perishtiharan Duli Pengiran Muda Mahkota" (PDF). www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn (in Malay). Pelita Brunei. 16 August 1961. p. 1. Retrieved 9 February 2025.
  21. ^ "Jema'ah Pemangku Raja" (PDF). www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn (in Malay). Pelita Brunei. 16 May 1962. p. 1. Retrieved 15 February 2025.
  22. ^ "Duli2 Wazir, Chateria2, Pengiran2, Menteri2, Penghulu2 dan Ketua2 Kampong mengulangi ta'at setia kapada D.Y.M.M." (PDF). www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn (in Malay). Pelita Brunei. 31 December 1962. p. 11. Retrieved 9 February 2025.
  23. ^ "Pembukaan Rasmi Madrasah Ittihadiah Tasek Meradun" (PDF). www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn (in Malay). Pelita Brunei. 19 January 1966. p. 5. Retrieved 15 February 2025.
  24. ^ "Pengiran Shahbandar" (PDF). www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn (in Malay). Pelita Brunei. 1 August 1958. p. 8. Retrieved 15 February 2025.
  25. ^ Sweeney, P.L. Amin (1968). "Silsilah Raja-Raja Berunai". Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 41 (2 (214)). Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society: 1–82. ISSN 0126-7353. JSTOR 41491947.
  26. ^ "Adat Istiadat Diraja: Pengurniaan Gelaran2 Oleh D.Y.M.M. Sultan Brunei" (PDF). www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn (in Malay). Pelita Brunei. 21 December 1960. p. 3. Retrieved 12 February 2025.
  27. ^ "Istiadat Mengurniakan Bintang2 Dan Pingat2 Sepuloh Orang Di-anu Gerahkan Gelaran Dato" (PDF). www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn (in Malay). Pelita Brunei. 27 September 1967. p. 7. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
  28. ^ "Istiadat Pengurniaan Bintang2 Kebesaran Hari Jadi D.Y.M.M." (PDF). www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn (in Malay). Pelita Brunei. 3 October 1962. p. 3. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
  29. ^ "DYMM Mengurniakan Pingat2 Dan Bintang2 Kebesaran Di-Istana Darul Hana" (PDF). www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn (in Malay). Pelita Brunei. 16 September 1964. p. 1. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
  30. ^ "Pingat Omar Ali Saifuddin" (PDF). www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn (in Malay). Pelita Brunei. 1 October 1956. p. 5. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
  31. ^ "65 Dapat Bintang Dan Pingat Hari" (PDF). www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn (in Malay). Pelita Brunei. 7 October 1959. p. 1. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
  32. ^ "Beratus2 Orang Pegawai2 Kerajaan Mendapat Kurniaan Pingat Perjuangan" (PDF). www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn (in Malay). Pelita Brunei. 5 May 1965. p. 1. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
  33. ^ Brunei Government Gazette (PDF). Bandar Seri Begawan: Brunei History Centre. 1 February 1951. p. 15.
  34. ^ Asrar, Qalam (25 October 2017). "Sekolah Melayu Kampong Sultan Lama". kampungayer.com (in Malay). Retrieved 31 October 2023.
  35. ^ "Masjid Bangar siap untok di-gunakan" (PDF). www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn (in Malay). Pelita Brunei. 20 December 1967. p. 7. Retrieved 15 February 2025.
Regnal titles
Preceded by Pengiran Temenggong Sahibul Bahar
1968–1969 		Succeeded by
Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salleh_Muhammad