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Çakırhüyük, Besni

Çakırhüyük
Municipality
Çakırhüyük is located in Turkey
Çakırhüyük
Çakırhüyük
Location in Turkey
Coordinates: 37°33′36″N 37°51′22″E / 37.560°N 37.856°E / 37.560; 37.856
CountryTurkey
ProvinceAdıyaman
DistrictBesni
Population
 (2021)
2,210
Time zoneUTC+3 (TRT)

Çakırhüyük (formerly known as Kaysun or Armenian: K'esun)[1][2] is a town (belde) and municipality in the Besni District, Adıyaman Province, Turkey.[3] Its population is 2,210 (2021).[4]

The settlements of Abımıstık, Boybeypınarı, Köprübaşı, Levzin and Yeşilova are attached to the town.[3] Abımıstık and Levzin are populated by Kurds of the Reşwan tribe.[5][6]

History

Early Medieval period

In the ninth and tenth century, the town of Kaysun was part of the Abbasid province of Al-Jazira.[7] In the early ninth century, while Dionysius of Tel Mahre was the Syriac Orthodox patriarch and a certain Theodoros bishop of Kaysun, the famous monastery of Jacob was built.[8] The monastery held for some time a relic of Severus of Antioch, his right hand, until it was translated into the monastery of Qenneshre.[9] Around 812, the local ruler Nasr ibn Shabath al-Uqayli rebelled against the Abbasid ruler al-Ma'mun and had the town fortified with a triple ring of walls. The town was then besieged by the Abbasids in October 823 and Ibn Shabath had to surrender; the walls were subsequently torn down.[10]

The region was reconquered by the Byzantines by 966[11] and then fell to Armenians after the Seljuk invasions.

Armenian principality

The principality of Kogh Vasil was centered on Kaysun who restored its fortification and build a palace in the town in the late 11th century.[12][13] Under his rule, the town became the center of a local Armenian renovatio and Matthew of Edessa, who moved to Kaysun some time after 1116, promoted the town as a successor to the cultural and military glory of Ani.[14]

Vasil intended to connect to ancient Armenian glory, and as such became a patron of the only surviving Armenian institution, that of the Armenian church. As such he was able to convince first the Armenian Catholicos Gregory II and then Gregory's nephew and deputy Parsegh of Cilicia, who became the confessor of Vasil, to take up residence in Kaysun.[15] Outside the town was the monastery of Karmir Vank (the Red Monastery) where Gregory III was consecrated as Catholicos in 1114/14 and the later Catholicos Nerses IV the Gracious educated.[16][17] The artist who painted the three domes of the White Monastery in Egypt in 1124, Theodore, is identified as a native of Kaysun.[18] The town was severely damaged in the earthquake of 1114.[19]

Frankish Rule

After an Armenian plot to hand over Edessa to Mawdud ibn Ahmad, the ruler of Mosul, failed, Baldwin II annexed Raban and Kaysun to the county of Edessa.[20] The Catholicosate was moved thereafter to Covk.[21] Some time after that, the chronicler Matthew of Edessa settled in the town [22] and by 1120, it was given as fief to Geoffrey of Marash.[23] After him it fell to Baldwin of Marash in the 1130s who in turn appointed an Armenian called Vahram as governor of the town.[24]

In 1131, the Danishmend Emir Gazi besieged the place in which Joscelin I, Count of Edessa, had installed the Jacobite Patriarch of Antioch. Though Joscelin was dying at that time, he was carried on a litter ahead of his army to relieve the castle. Upon hearing news of Joscelin's approach, Emir Ghazi abandoned the siege.[25] The Syriac Patriarch stayed in Kaysun for around 5 years.[12] In 1136 the surrounding lands were ravaged first by Zengi's lieutenant Sawar and then the Danishmendid emir Muhammad Ghazi.[26] Baldwin, Lord of Marash, in whose dominion Kaysun was at this point, appealed to emperor Ioannes II Komnenos for aid and begun to refortify the walls in 1145 until his death at the siege of Edessa in 1146 interrupted the works. The funeral oration of Baldwin by a certain vardapet called Barsel was recorded by Gregory the priest, a resident of Kaysun.[27]

Zengid Rule

In 1150 Kaysun was captured by Mesud I who had allied with Nur ad-Din.[28] In 1159, Nur ad-Din attacked, as agreed with the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos the Rum Seljuks and captured Kaysun, Marash and Bahasha.[29] The town was still under Nur ad-Din's control when the church unification talks between the Syriac Orthodox Christians Theodoros bar Wahbun and the Jacobite bishop of Keysun, John, took place with the Byzantine theologian Theodoros in 1172.[30] After the Seljuks recaptured the city, Saladin moved in 1180 into the region in order to aid the Artuqid Nur al-Din Muhammad against the Seljuk sultan Kilij Arslan II, who then again destroyed the town walls and had the population deported.[31]

Diocese of Kaysun

During the Middle Ages, Kaysun had a bishop. A certain bishop called Iliyya wrote a short historic treatise, which was later used by Michael the Syrian in writing his chronicle.[32]

Syriac Orthodox Bishops

References

  1. ^ Pörtner 1980, p. 486.
  2. ^ Clapp & Dadoyan 2017, p. 38.
  3. ^ a b "Türkiye Mülki İdare Bölümleri Envanteri". T.C. İçişleri Bakanlığı (in Turkish). Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  4. ^ "Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2021" (XLS) (in Turkish). TÜİK. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  5. ^ "Kösyanlılar Derneğinden Eğitime Destek" (in Turkish). 22 February 2018. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
  6. ^ Reşî, Şoreş (September 2002). "Konya - Kolik (Kâhta)". Veger (in Kurdish) (3): 14.
  7. ^ Clapp & Dadoyan 2017, p. 27.
  8. ^ Vööbus, Arthur (1988). Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium: Subsidia. Peeters. p. 377. Retrieved 22 February 2025.
  9. ^ Reinink, G. J. (28 July 2023). Syriac Christianity under Late Sasanian and Early Islamic Rule. Taylor & Francis. p. 338. ISBN 978-1-000-94535-5. Retrieved 23 February 2025.
  10. ^ Todt & Vest 2014, p. 170.
  11. ^ Todt & Vest 2014, p. 184.
  12. ^ a b Hewsen 2008, p. 33.
  13. ^ Todt & Vest 2014, p. 227.
  14. ^ MacEvitt 2007, p. 165–166.
  15. ^ MacEvitt 2010, p. 85.
  16. ^ MacEvitt 2007, p. 161.
  17. ^ MacEvitt 2010, p. 167.
  18. ^ Blanke 2019, pp. 41–42.
  19. ^ Ambraseys 2004, p. 741.
  20. ^ Runciman 1962, p. 129.
  21. ^ Russel 2005, pp. 200–201.
  22. ^ MacEvitt 2010, p. 84.
  23. ^ MacEvitt 2010, p. 82.
  24. ^ MacEvitt 2010, p. 94.
  25. ^ Runciman 1962, p. 185.
  26. ^ Runciman 1962, pp. 201–202.
  27. ^ Andrews, Tara L.; Safaryan, Anahit (17 April 2023). "The Funeral Oration of Barsel Vardapet". Armenia Through the Lens of Time: Multidisciplinary Studies in Honour of Theo Maarten Van Lint. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-52760-7. Retrieved 23 February 2025.
  28. ^ Runciman 1962, p. 330.
  29. ^ Todt & Vest 2014, p. 259.
  30. ^ MacEvitt 2010, pp. 170–171.
  31. ^ Todt & Vest 2014, pp. 264–265.
  32. ^ Moosa, Matti (2003). "A Sketch of Syriac Sources on the Crusades". The Crusades: Other Experiences, Alternate Perspectives: Selected Proceedings from the 32nd Annual CEMERS Conference. Global Academic Publishing. p. 47. ISBN 978-1-58684-251-2. Retrieved 19 January 2025.
  33. ^ a b Todt & Vest 2014, p. 3855.

Source

Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaisum