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Erfurt latrine disaster

Erfurt latrine disaster
Native name Erfurter Latrinensturz
Date26 July 1184
VenueErfurt Cathedral
LocationErfurt, Mainz Electorate, Holy Roman Empire
CauseFloor collapse due to excessive load
Deaths~60
Emperor Henry VI (depiction from the Codex Manesse) was present at the Erfurt latrine disaster and survived unharmed.

The Erfurt latrine disaster (German: Erfurter Latrinensturz, lit. 'Erfurt latrine fall')[1][2][3] occurred on 26 July 1184 in the German city of Erfurt. Henry VI, then the King of Germany, was conducting a Hoftag with local nobility on the second floor of a building. The combined weight of the assembled attendees caused the floor of the building to collapse through the ground floor and into the latrine cesspit below. Sources say that approximately sixty attendees died, some of whom drowned in human waste after falling into the cesspit.

Background

A land dispute between Landgrave Louis III of Thuringia and Archbishop Conrad of Mainz, which had existed since the defeat of Henry the Lion, intensified to the point where the Holy Roman Emperor and his family were forced to intervene. On his father Frederick I Barbarossa's orders, eighteen-year-old Henry VI diverted from his military campaign en route to Poland to travel to Erfurt and mediate the situation.[4]

Event

Henry VI convened a Hoftag to meet on July 25, the Feast of St. James, which was attended by the Landgrave Louis, Archbishop Conrad, members of Henry's court, local nobility and bishops, and prominent citizens of Erfurt.[4] Sources agree that the meeting took place on the upper floor of a two-story building close to Erfurt Cathedral, but disagree on whether it was the provost's building or the Bishop's residence nearby.[5]

Collapse

The upper floor's wooden support beams were rotted, and on July 26, the floor collapsed under the combined weight of the meeting's attendees.[5] The impact of people and debris caused the ground floor to collapse as well; some continued falling through the ground floor into an underground cesspit. About 60 people in total are said to have died of injuries from the fall, being crushed by debris, or suffocating in the cesspit's sewage.[6][7] The Chronicle of St. Peter's Church in Erfurt lists noblemen who perished: Count Friedrich I of Abenberg [de], Count Heinrich I of Schwarzburg [de], Count Gozmar III of Ziegenhain [de], Gozmar's brother-in-law Burgrave Friedrich I of Kirchberg [de], Count Burchard of Wartburg, Behringer von Wellingen, and "other lesser names" who were not recorded.[8][9]

Henry VI and Archbishop Conrad were sitting in a stone window alcove and avoided the fall; they hung on until rescuers with ladders were able to arrive and let them down.[7] Landgrave Louis had fallen in the collapse, but survived and was rescued.[5]

Aftermath

After the disaster, Henry VI immediately departed Erfurt and resumed his military campaign, leaving the dispute between Landgrave Louis and Archbishop Conrad unresolved.[5] Heinrich I of Schwarzburg's estate passed to his brother Günther II [de]. Gozmar III's estate passed to his daughter Liutgard, who would later marry Landgrave Louis's brother Friedrich [de]. Friedrich I of Kirchberg's estate passed to his son Heinrich.[10] Burchard of Wartburg's estate passed to his son Ludwig.[11]

Legacy

The tale of the Erfurt latrine collapse eventually entered local folklore; Ludwig Bechstein included such a story while compiling his Deutsches Sagenbuch, published in 1853.[12] The retelling focuses on Heinrich of Schwarzburg, who allegedly had a habit of saying "Tue ich das, so müsse ich im Abtritt ersaufen" ("If I did that, I'd have to drown in the privy"). Ironically, he ends up drowning in excrement during the disaster, along with Friedrich of Abenberg.[12] The story differs from the historical record in places: Heinrich I of Schwarzburg is referred to as Heinrich VII, Friedrich of Abenberg is called Friedrich of Arnsberg, Gozmar of Ziegenhain becomes two people (Gozmar of Hesse and Gottfried of Ziegenhain [de]), the Hoftag is called a Reichstag, it takes place at the Benedictine Monastery of Saints Peter and Paul (where an Imperial Diet was held in 1181), and it collapses into a sewer instead of a cesspit.[12]

Original sources

References

  1. ^ "Curio #1: The Erfurter Latrinensturz". The Fortweekly. April 2008. Archived from the original on 3 September 2019.
  2. ^ Magnusson, Roberta J. (1 April 2003). Water Technology in the Middle Ages: Cities, Monasteries, and Waterworks after the Roman Empire. JHU Press. p. 155. ISBN 978-0-8018-7283-9.
  3. ^ Arnold, Benjamin (29 January 2004). Princes and Territories in Medieval Germany. Cambridge University Press. p. 77. ISBN 978-0-521-52148-2.
  4. ^ a b "RI IV,2,4 n. 2778, Friedrich I., 1184 Juli 25–26, Erfurt : Regesta Imperii". www.regesta-imperii.de (in German). Archived from the original on 21 March 2020. Retrieved 3 September 2019.
  5. ^ a b c d Rundfunk, Bayerischer (26 July 2011). "26. Juli 1184 : Erfurter Latrinensturz". Bayerischer Rundfunk (in German). Archived from the original on 3 September 2019. Retrieved 3 September 2019.
  6. ^ Schwiebert, Ernest George (1996). The Reformation. Fortress Press. p. 100. ISBN 978-0-8006-2836-9.
  7. ^ a b "Erfurter Latrinensturz" [Erfurt latrine-fall]. Erfurt-Lese.de (in German). Retrieved 12 February 2025.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  8. ^ Chronik von Sanct Peter zu Erfurt, 1100-1215 (in German). Erfurt abbey of st. Peter. 1881. Archived from the original on 4 October 2010.
  9. ^ "Geschichte Thüringens zur Zeit des ersten Landgrafenhauses" (in German). Archived from the original on 7 October 2024.
  10. ^ Meier, Rudolf (1967). Die Domkapitel zu Goslar und Halberstadt in ihrer persönlichen Zusammensetzung im Mittelalter mit Beiträgen über die Standesverhältnisse der bis zum Jahre 1200 nachweisbaren Hildesheimer Domherren [The cathedral chapters of Goslar and Halberstadt in their personal composition in the Middle Ages with contributions on the social status of the Hildesheim canons who can be traced back to the year 1200] (PDF) (in German). Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. p. 288.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  11. ^ "THURINGIAN NOBILITY". Foundation for Medieval Genealogy. 24 September 2022. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
  12. ^ a b c "Des Grafen Sprüchwort (590)" [The Count's Proverb]. Erfurt-Lese.de (in German). Retrieved 12 February 2025.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erfurt_latrine_disaster