Argininosuccinate synthetase 1

ASS1
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	2NZ2
Identifiers
Aliases	ASS1, ASS, CTLN1, Argininosuccinate synthetase 1, argininosuccinate synthase 1
External IDs	OMIM: 603470; MGI: 88090; HomoloGene: 6899; GeneCards: ASS1; OMA:ASS1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 9 (human)
End	130,501,274 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 2 (mouse)
End	31,410,684 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	Top expressed in
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function
Cellular component
Biological process
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	445
	11898
	ENSG00000130707
	ENSMUSG00000076441
	P00966
	P16460
	NM_000050; NM_054012
	NM_007494
	NP_000041; NP_446464
	NP_031520
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Argininosuccinate synthetase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ASS1 gene.^[5]^[6]^[7]

The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the penultimate step of the arginine biosynthetic pathway. There are approximately 10 to 14 copies of this gene including the pseudogenes scattered across the human genome, among which the one located on chromosome 9 appears to be the only functional gene for argininosuccinate synthetase. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.^[7]

Clinical significance

Mutations in the chromosome 9 copy of ASS cause citrullinemia.^[5]

Arginine is considered a non-essential amino acid since normal cells can synthesize it from citrulline and aspartate using the enzymes argininosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS1) and argininosuccinate lyase (ASL). Consequently, depleting arginine can be an effective therapeutic approach. Notably, over 70% of tumors show reduced ASS1 transcription, making these cancer cells reliant on external sources of arginine, which forms the basis of arginine-deprivation therapy.^[8]

The investigational drug pegargiminase that degrades arginine is currently in trials for the treatment of ASS1 deficient cancers.^[9]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000130707 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000076441 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ ^a ^b Beaudet AL, O'Brien WE, Bock HG, Freytag SO, Su TS (Mar 1986). "The Human Argininosuccinate Synthetase Locus and Citrullinemia". Advances in Human Genetics 15. Vol. 15. pp. 161–96, 291–2. doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-8356-1_3. ISBN 978-1-4615-8358-5. PMID 3513483.
^ Carritt B, Goldfarb PS, Hooper ML, Slack C (April 1977). "Chromosome assignment of a human gene for argininosuccinate synthetase expression in Chinese hamsterxhuman somatic cell hybrids". Experimental Cell Research. 106 (1): 71–78. doi:10.1016/0014-4827(77)90242-7. PMID 852520.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: ASS1 argininosuccinate synthetase 1".
^ Chen CL, Hsu SC, Ann DK, Yen Y, Kung HJ (July 2021). "Arginine Signaling and Cancer Metabolism". Cancers. 13 (14): 3541. doi:10.3390/cancers13143541. PMC 8306961. PMID 34298755.
^ Field GC, Pavlyk I, Szlosarek PW (February 2023). "Bench-to-Bedside Studies of Arginine Deprivation in Cancer". Molecules. 28 (5). Basel, Switzerland: 2150. doi:10.3390/molecules28052150. PMC 10005060. PMID 36903394.

Ikeda S (December 2000). "[Recent advances of the treatment in metabolic disorders]". Rinsho Shinkeigaku = Clinical Neurology. 40 (12): 1264–1266. PMID 11464474.
Carritt B (1977). "Somatic cell genetic evidence for the presence of a gene for citrullinemia on human chromosome 9". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 19 (1): 44–48. doi:10.1159/000130793. PMID 891260.
Dhanakoti SN, Brosnan ME, Herzberg GR, Brosnan JT (March 1992). "Cellular and subcellular localization of enzymes of arginine metabolism in rat kidney". The Biochemical Journal. 282 ( Pt 2) (Pt 2): 369–375. doi:10.1042/bj2820369. PMC 1130788. PMID 1312326.
Wakui H, Komatsuda A, Itoh H, Kobayashi R, Nakamoto Y, Miura AB (1992). "Renal argininosuccinate synthetase: purification, immunohistochemical localization, and elastin-binding property". Renal Physiology and Biochemistry. 15 (1): 1–9. doi:10.1159/000173435. PMID 1372742.
Kobayashi K, Rosenbloom C, Beaudet AL, O'Brien WE (February 1991). "Additional mutations in argininosuccinate synthetase causing citrullinemia". Molecular Biology & Medicine. 8 (1): 95–100. PMID 1943692.
Kobayashi K, Jackson MJ, Tick DB, O'Brien WE, Beaudet AL (July 1990). "Heterogeneity of mutations in argininosuccinate synthetase causing human citrullinemia". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 265 (19): 11361–11367. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)38601-6. PMID 2358466.
Isashiki Y, Noda T, Kobayashi K, Sase M, Saheki T, Titani K (July 1989). "Identification of essential arginine residue(s) for Mg-ATP binding of human argininosuccinate synthetase". Protein Sequences & Data Analysis. 2 (4): 283–287. PMID 2788888.
Jinno Y, Nomiyama H, Matuo S, Shimada K, Matsuda I, Saheki T (1987). "Structure of the 5' end region of the human argininosuccinate synthetase gene". Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease. 8 (3): 157–159. doi:10.1007/BF01819307. PMID 3027451. S2CID 32917363.
Freytag SO, Beaudet AL, Bock HG, O'Brien WE (October 1984). "Molecular structure of the human argininosuccinate synthetase gene: occurrence of alternative mRNA splicing". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 4 (10): 1978–1984. doi:10.1128/mcb.4.10.1978. PMC 369014. PMID 6095035.
Bock HG, Su TS, O'Brien WE, Beaudet AL (September 1983). "Sequence for human argininosuccinate synthetase cDNA". Nucleic Acids Research. 11 (18): 6505–6512. doi:10.1093/nar/11.18.6505. PMC 326390. PMID 6194510.
Freytag SO, Bock HG, Beaudet AL, O'Brien WE (March 1984). "Molecular structures of human argininosuccinate synthetase pseudogenes. Evolutionary and mechanistic implications". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 259 (5): 3160–3166. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)43275-3. PMID 6321498.
Kobayashi K, Kakinoki H, Fukushige T, Shaheen N, Terazono H, Saheki T (October 1995). "Nature and frequency of mutations in the argininosuccinate synthetase gene that cause classical citrullinemia". Human Genetics. 96 (4): 454–463. doi:10.1007/BF00191806. PMID 7557970. S2CID 861085.
Kobayashi K, Shaheen N, Terazono H, Saheki T (December 1994). "Mutations in argininosuccinate synthetase mRNA of Japanese patients, causing classical citrullinemia". American Journal of Human Genetics. 55 (6): 1103–1112. PMC 1918437. PMID 7977368.
Shaheen N, Kobayashi K, Terazono H, Fukushige T, Horiuchi M, Saheki T (1996). "Characterization of human wild-type and mutant argininosuccinate synthetase proteins expressed in bacterial cells". Enzyme & Protein. 48 (5–6): 251–264. doi:10.1159/000474998. PMID 8792870.
Gress TM, Müller-Pillasch F, Geng M, Zimmerhackl F, Zehetner G, Friess H, et al. (October 1996). "A pancreatic cancer-specific expression profile". Oncogene. 13 (8): 1819–1830. PMID 8895530.
Ji H, Reid GE, Moritz RL, Eddes JS, Burgess AW, Simpson RJ (1997). "A two-dimensional gel database of human colon carcinoma proteins". Electrophoresis. 18 (3–4): 605–613. doi:10.1002/elps.1150180344. PMID 9150948. S2CID 25454450.

External links

Human ASS1 genome location and ASS1 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000130707 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000076441 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid3513483-5] Beaudet AL, O'Brien WE, Bock HG, Freytag SO, Su TS (Mar 1986). "The Human Argininosuccinate Synthetase Locus and Citrullinemia". Advances in Human Genetics 15. Vol. 15. pp. 161–96, 291–2. doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-8356-1_3. ISBN 978-1-4615-8358-5. PMID 3513483.

[pmid852520-6] Carritt B, Goldfarb PS, Hooper ML, Slack C (April 1977). "Chromosome assignment of a human gene for argininosuccinate synthetase expression in Chinese hamsterxhuman somatic cell hybrids". Experimental Cell Research. 106 (1): 71–78. doi:10.1016/0014-4827(77)90242-7. PMID 852520.

[entrez-7] "Entrez Gene: ASS1 argininosuccinate synthetase 1".

[pmid34298755-8] Chen CL, Hsu SC, Ann DK, Yen Y, Kung HJ (July 2021). "Arginine Signaling and Cancer Metabolism". Cancers. 13 (14): 3541. doi:10.3390/cancers13143541. PMC 8306961. PMID 34298755.

[pmid36903394-9] Field GC, Pavlyk I, Szlosarek PW (February 2023). "Bench-to-Bedside Studies of Arginine Deprivation in Cancer". Molecules. 28 (5). Basel, Switzerland: 2150. doi:10.3390/molecules28052150. PMC 10005060. PMID 36903394.

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Speedway

Argininosuccinate synthetase 1

Clinical significance

References

Further reading

Further reading

External links