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Tamien people

Tamien
Map of historical Tamien territory
Regions with significant populations
Santa Clara Valley, California
Languages
Tamyen (Santa Clara Costanoan)
Religion
Kuksu, Ohlone mythology
Lope Inigo, a Tamien man who lived at Mission Santa Clara de Asís[1]
Mission Santa Clara de Asís (1849; oil on canvas)

The Tamien people (also spelled Tamyen or Thamien) are one of eight linguistic divisions of the Ohlone people; groups of Native Americans who live in Northern California.[2] The Tamien traditionally lived throughout the Santa Clara Valley.[3] The use of the name Tamien is on record as early as 1777; it comes from the Ohlone name for the location of the first Mission Santa Clara (Mission Santa Clara de Thamien) on the Guadalupe River.[4] Father Pena mentioned in a letter to Junipero Serra that the area around the mission was called Thamien by the native people.[5][6] The missionary fathers erected the mission on January 17, 1777, at the native village of So-co-is-u-ka.[7]

Language

Traditionally, the Tamien people spoke the Tamyen language, a Northern Ohlone language, which ceased to be spoken since possibly the early 19th century. "Tamyen", also called Santa Clara Costanoan, has been extended to mean the Native people of Santa Clara Valley, as well as the language they spoke. Tamyen is listed as one of eight Costanoan language dialects in the Utian family, although the cogency of the Utian language grouping (combining Miwokan with Ohlone) is contested.[8] Tamyen was the primary language of the Native people living at the first and second Mission Santa Clara (both founded in 1777). Linguistically, it is thought that Chochenyo, Tamyen, and Ramaytush are dialects of a single language. This is not to imply, however, that Chochenyo, Tamien, and Ramaytush people ever belonged to a single unified tribe.[9]

Territory

Tamien territory extends over most of the present day Santa Clara County, California, and was bordered by communities that spoke other Ohlone languages: Ramaytush to the northwest on the San Francisco Peninsula, Chochenyo, East Bay, Mutsun, south of San Martin, and the Awaswas to the southwest.

Tribes and villages

The Tamyen (Tamien, Thamien) people are associated with the original site of Mission Santa Clara (Mission Santa Clara de Thamien) on the Guadalupe River, 1777. The entire Santa Clara Valley was populated with dozens of Tamyen-speaking villages, several on Coyote Creek.

Politics and tribal controversy

In 1925, Alfred Kroeber, then director of the Hearst Museum of Anthropology, declared the Ohlone extinct, which directly led to the historic Verona Band of Alameda County (whose lineal descendants established the unrecognized Muwekma Ohlone Tribe) losing federal recognition and land rights.[10] Land claims made by the Muwekma Ohlone Tribe have caused great confusion about which entity represents Tamien people. While Muwekma claims to be "comprised of all known surviving American Indian lineages aboriginal to the San Francisco Bay region who trace their ancestry through Mission Dolores (Ramaytush), Santa Clara (Tamien), and San Jose (Chochenyo)", this statement is false and the tribe is mainly comprised of lineages with ancestral connections to the Pleasanton Rancheria.[11][12] The Association of Ramaytush Ohlone have accused the Muwekma Ohlone Tribe of "undermin[ing] the Indigenous Sovereignty of other Bay Area Native Peoples" and partaking in "internalized colonialism and lateral oppression."[13] The Muwekma Ohlone Tribe has also received backlash from the Tamien Nation for encroaching on Tamien Nation traditional tribal territory.[14]

On January 25th, 2022, in a virtual presentation at Santa Clara University, Tamien Nation Councilwoman Quirina Luna Geary claimed that the historic Tamien were not tribelets, rather "a nation based on Tamyen-speaking villages."[15] Geary claims that her great-grandmother (Mutsun Ohlone) described Mutsun-speaking villages as one "Mutsun Nation"; by similar logic Geary concluded that the Tamien must have been one Tamien Nation as well, however this claim has not been proven.[16]

See also

Citations

  1. ^ Chapman, Robin (2018-10-15). Historic Bay Area Visionaries. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 9781439665503.
  2. ^ "Tamyen". California Language Archive. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
  3. ^ "San Jose pre history". 2024-06-20. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
  4. ^ "CHL No. 250 Mission Santa Clara de Asis and Old Spanish Bridge Site - Santa Clara". California Historical Landmarks. Retrieved 2025-02-13.
  5. ^ Kroeber, Alfred L. 1925. Handbook of the Indians of California. Washington, D.C: Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin No. 78. (map of villages, page 465)
  6. ^ Hylkema, Mark. Archaeological Investigations at the Third Location of Mission Santa Clara De Assis: The Murguia Mission 1781-1818, 1995. Caltrans Report (CA-SCL-30/H) (page 20)
  7. ^ "Santa Clara". California State Parks. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
  8. ^ Randall Milliken, Laurence H. Shoup, and Beverly R. Ortiz, "Ohlone/Costanoan Indians of the San Francisco Peninsula and their Neighbors, Yesterday and Today" (2009), Chapter 2 Native Languages of West-Central California, https://www.nps.gov/goga/learn/historyculture/upload/chapter-2.pdf
  9. ^ https://www.californiafrontier.net/ohlone-tribe-culture/
  10. ^ Brown, Patricia Leigh (2022-12-11). "Indigenous Founders of a Museum Cafe Put Repatriation on the Menu". The New York Times. Retrieved 2023-08-13.
  11. ^ https://www.muwekma.org/historical-overview.html
  12. ^ https://www.ramaytush.org/muwekma-myths-part-i.html
  13. ^ https://www.ramaytush.org/muwekma-myths-part-ii.html
  14. ^ https://losgatan.com/op-ed-tamien-nation-deserves-to-be-recognized-as-historical-los-gatos-tribe/
  15. ^ "SCU Archives & Special Collections Presents The Tamien Nation". Panopto.com. Event occurs at minute 12:45.
  16. ^ "SCU Archives & Special Collections Presents The Tamien Nation". Panopto.com. Event occurs at minute 9:25.

General and cited references

  • Hylkema, Mark (1994). "Tamien Station Archeological Project", published by Bean, Lowell John, editor, in The Ohlone: Past and Present Native Americans of the San Francisco Bay Region. Menlo Park, CA: Ballena Press Publication. pp. 249–270. ISBN 0-87919-129-5.
  • Levy, Richard (1978). "Costanoan", in Handbook of North American Indians Vol. 8 California. William C. Sturtevant, and Robert F. Heizer, eds. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. pp. 485–495. ISBN 0-16-004578-9, ISBN 0160045754.
  • Milliken, Randall (1995). A Time of Little Choice: The Disintegration of Tribal Culture in the San Francisco Bay Area 1769–1910. Menlo Park, CA: Ballena Press Publication. ISBN 0-87919-132-5.
  • Teixeira, Lauren (1997). The Costanoan/Ohlone Indians of the San Francisco and Monterey Bay Area: A Research Guide. Menlo Park, CA: Ballena Press Publication. ISBN 0-87919-141-4.
Quelle: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamyen