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Marciana of Toledo

Saint Marciana
The Martyrdom of Saint Marciana. 15th century French manuscript.
Martyr
BornDellys, kabylia
Died304
Caesarea in Mauretania, Mauretania Caesariensis
Venerated inRoman Catholic Church
FeastJanuary 9
Attributessometimes depicted with a leopard and bull near her[1]
Patronageinvoked to cure wounds

Marciana of Toledo, also known as Marciana of Mauretania and Marciana of Caesarea,[2] (died 9 January 304)[3] is venerated as a martyr and saint.

Veneration

Her feast day is celebrated by both the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church on July 12.[4] In some early calendars, her feast day is celebrated on January 9.[5]

The Mozarabic office has a special hymn in her honor.[6]

Life

According to Alban Butler, Marciana was a native of Rusuccur (Dellys) in Mauretania, in modern day Algeria.[7][8]

Historian Brent Shaw states that her legend emphasized her virginity and commitment to asceticism, and contained "a new kind of hostility that was added to the old story of Christian-pagan hatreds".[3] According to her story, Marciana was a devout young Christian woman "so filled with zeal for her new faith"[3] that she left her family home to reside in Caesarea, approximately 80 miles east of their home and "immediately displayed an aggressive hostility to traditional forms of civic religion".[3]

She abhorred the worldly benefits of a high social status and she put aside her worldly riches. She traveled to Caesarea, Mauretania (modern-day Algeria) and took up residence in a cave in order to preserve her virginity (for she was said to be very beautiful) and consecrated herself to God through various exercises in fasts and other practices of self-deprivation that were used in lieu of martyrdom. Caesarea was by that time occupied by the Roman Empire under the Emperor Diocletian[9] (284-305 A.D.[10]).

Martyrdom

Marciana's martyrdom occurred during the Diocletianic Persecution. The Latin account of her martyrdom was written possibly in the 5th century.[11] Shaw states that she led an "aggressive anti-idolatry campaign".[3] While walking in the public square, Marciana attacked a statue of the Roman goddess Diana, tearing the head off and smashing the body to pieces.[9] The local citizens had her arrested and brought her before the governor's tribunal for punishment.[12] She was imprisoned in the local gladiatorial school, which Shaw states was "a brutal test"[13] of her sexual purity. Marciana was then punished by being thrown in the local arena, where she was mangled by a bull. After her death, a leopard was sent in and it snapped her neck.[13]

Marciana died in Caesarea, Mauretania Caesariensis.[3] Her relics were moved to Toledo, which led to her being known as "Marciana of Toledo." [14]

Shaw states that Marciana's story demonstrates the conflict between the Christian and Jewish communities in Caesarea during the period and was part of the "long and well-developed” anti-Jewish literature of the time.[15] Shaw cautions, however, that narratives like this, that directly include Jews in the persecution of Christians in Africa during the 4th and 5th centuries, were "exceedingly rare".[15]

See also

References

  1. ^ Husenbeth, Frederik Charles. Emblems of Saints: By which They are Distinguished in Works of Art, Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts, 1860, p. 108
  2. ^ Gordini, Gian Domenico. "Marciana di Cesarea di Mauritania", Santi e Beati, October 9, 2002
  3. ^ a b c d e f Shaw, Brent D. (2011). Sacred Violence: African Christians and Sectarian Hatred in the Age of Augustine. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521127257. p. 265
  4. ^ Phillips, Fr Andrew. "Latin Saints of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Rome". www.orthodoxengland.org.uk.
  5. ^ https://catholic.net/plugins/convertpdf/docs/articulos.php?id=2583
  6. ^ Odden, Per Einer. "Den hellige Marciana av Mauretania (d. 303)", Den katolske kirke, December 15, 1997
  7. ^ Butler, Alban. "St. Marciana, Virgin and Martyr", The Lives of the Saints. 1866
  8. ^ Morcelli, Stefano Antonio. Africa christiana, Volume I, Brescia 1816, p. 268
  9. ^ a b "St. Marciana of Spain - Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese". www.antiochian.org.
  10. ^ "Diocletian | Biography, Empire, Definition, Persecution, & Reign | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 6 May 2023. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  11. ^ "Record | The Cult of Saints". csla.history.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
  12. ^ Shaw, pp. 265–266.
  13. ^ a b Shaw, p. 266
  14. ^ Watkins, Basil. The Book of Saints: A Comprehensive Biographical Dictionary, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2015, p. 463 ISBN 9780567664150
  15. ^ a b Shaw, p. 267


Quelle: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marciana_of_Mauretania