Amba

Alternative names	Amba sauce
Type	Condiment spread dip
Place of origin	Iraq India[1]
Region or state	India Pakistan Iraq Israel[1] Palestine[2] Saudi Arabia[3]
Main ingredients	Pickled mango
Media: Amba

Amba or anba (Arabic: عنبة^[a], Hebrew: עמבה^[b]) is a tangy mango pickle condiment. Originating in Iraqi Jewish cuisine,^[1][4] it is typically made of pickled green mangoes, vinegar, salt, turmeric, chilies, and fenugreek. It is somewhat similar to savoury mango chutneys.

Mangoes being native to South Asia, the name "amba" seems to have been borrowed, via Arabic, from the Marathi word āmbā (आंबा),^[5] which is in turn derived from the Sanskrit word āmra (आम्र, "mango").^[6]

According to the legend, amba was developed in the 19th century by members of the Sassoon family of Bombay, India, who were Baghdadi Jews.^[7] Iraqi Jewish immigrants brought it to Israel in the 1950s as an accompaniment to their Shabbat morning meal.^[1]

Amba is frequently used in Iraqi cuisine, especially as a spicy sauce to be added to fish dishes, falafel, kubbah, kebabs, and eggs.

Amba is popular in the western part of the Arabian Peninsula, sold in sealed jars or by the kilo. It is eaten with bread as part of nawashef (a mixed platter of small plates containing different types of cheese, egg dishes, pickles, ful mudammas, falafel, mutabbag, offal) and rice^[1] type meals at breakfast or dinner in the Hejaz.

Amba resembles the South Asian pickle achar.

The dish is found in Sephardi cuisine and Mizrahi cuisine. Amba has become very popular in Israel^[1] and Palestine^[1] since its introduction to the region by Iraqi Jews in the 1950s and 1960s.^[8] Now one of the most common condiments in Israel, it is used in sandwiches and as a topping for hummus and other mezzes. It is often served as a dressing on shawarma sandwiches, falafels,^[9] and usually on sabikh^[10] and as an optional topping on meorav yerushalmi,^[11] kebab and salads.

Amba is also mentioned in literary works, mainly memoirs. In his memoir Baghdad Yesterday Sasson Somekh dedicates a whole chapter to amba.^[12] He uses amba to tell the story of the Iraqi Jewish community that had satellite communities in India and Southeast Asia. In the same chapter, Somekh references another Iraqi, who wrote a short story about amba (Abd al-Malik Noori, "It happened on a Friday").

Khalid Kishtainy, a columnist at Asharq Al-Awsat, wrote a short article on remembering the foods of Baghdad of the past. His article is titled "Talking about the food of amba and samoon, which characterised Baghdad of the past." He remembers that in his youth, school children would rush out of school to get samoon with amba from the street vendor, who, if generous, would add a little more amba.^{[citation needed]}

• Monterescu, Daniel; Hart, Joel (1 June 2018). "The Mango Sauce Connecting Indians, Israelis and Palestinians – and Taking High-end Restaurants by Storm". Haaretz. Retrieved 28 April 2025.