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William Draper (British Army officer)

Sir William Draper
Portrait by Thomas Gainsborough, c. 1765
Born1721
Bristol, England
Died8 January 1787(1787-01-08) (aged 65–66)
England
Resting placeBath Abbey
EducationKing's College, Cambridge[1]
Spouse(s)Caroline Beauclerk[2]
Susanna De Lancey[1]
Military career
Allegiance Great Britain
Service / branch British Army
Years of service1744–1787
RankLieutenant General
Unit79th Regiment of Foot
Battles / wars

Lieutenant General Sir William Draper KB (1721 – 8 January 1787), was a British Army officer and cricketeer who led the expedition which captured Manila in 1762 and was involved in the unsuccessful defence of Menorca in 1782. He was also involved in a key 1774 meeting which agreed on an early set of cricket rules including the leg before wicket rule.

Biography

Draper was born in Bristol, then the second largest city in England, to a young customs officer.[3] His father died the following year and the family struggled financially for many years, spending some time in British India.[4] Draper was educated at Bristol Cathedral School, then Eton, to which he won a scholarship in 1733, and King's College, Cambridge.[1][5] In 1744, during the War of the Austrian Succession, he was joined the British Army at the rank of ensign in Lord Henry Beauclerk's regiment. Draper was appointed as an adjutant in the 1st Regiment of Foot Guards in 1746, and rose to the ranks of lieutenant and captain in 1749. In 1756 he married his first wife, Caroline, daughter of Lord William Beauclerk.[2] He married his second wife, Elizabeth March sometime afterwards, until she forsook him in Bombay, 1773 due to her dislike of him.[6]

Seven Years' War

Main article: Great Britain in the Seven Years War

In the Seven Years' War he commanded the 79th Regiment of Foot, raised by himself, at the Siege of Madras from 1758 to 1759.[7] A colonel in 1762, he had his greatest triumph when he led together with Royal Navy officer Samuel Cornish an expedition against Spanish-held Manila, capturing the city on 6 October 1762. The British occupation of Manila lasted until 1764, after which it was returned to Spain. During the capture Draper had signed an agreement, known as the "Manila Ransom", by which the Spanish would pay the British a large amount of money. News of Manila's capture arrived too late to affect the Treaty of Paris, and under its terms the British returned the city to the Spanish, the ransom being only 1/4th paid.[8]

Peacetime

Draper returned home expecting to receive commendations for his capture of Manila, but the reaction was more mixed. In 1765 he was colonel of the 16th Regiment of Foot. In December 1765 he became Knight Companion of the Order of the Bath and defended the Marquis of Granby against Junius in 1769. In 1769 he lost his wife and went on a tour through the American colonies. In North America, he married Susanna De Lancey, daughter of Oliver De Lancey, the head of one of the leading families in the Province of New York. Draper entertained a hope that he might be appointed as a Royal Governor, but this came to nothing. In 1774, Draper chaired the committee that formulated some early laws of cricket. They were settled and revised at the Star and Garter in Pall Mall on Friday 25 February 1774. The committee included the Duke of Dorset, the Earl of Tankerville, Harry Peckham and other "Noblemen and Gentlemen of Kent, Hampshire, Surrey, Sussex, Middlesex, and London".[9] This meeting was one of the earlier sets of cricket rules and is acknowledged as being the first where the leg before wicket rule was introduced.[10]

American Revolutionary War

Main article: Invasion of Menorca (1781)

A lieutenant-general in 1777, he became lieutenant-governor of Menorca, 1779–1782, until the island was captured by a combined Franco-Spanish expedition during the invasion of Menorca. He preferred unsubstantiated charges of misconduct against Lieutenant General James Murray, who had suspended him. He was reprimanded by a general court-martial in 1783. He died on 8 January 1787 and was buried in the old Abbey Church in Bath, where a monument has been erected to his memory.

References

  1. ^ a b c Pitt's 'Gallant Conqueror': The Turbulent Life of Lieutenant-General Sir William Draper, James Dreaper, 2006, ISBN 1-84511-177-X
  2. ^ a b When Britain Ruled the Philippines 1762-1764: The Story of the 18th Century British Invasion of the Philippines during the Seven Years War, Shirley Fish, 2003, ISBN 1-4107-1069-6
  3. ^ Dreaper, James (1998). Bristol's Forgotten Victor: Lieutenant-General Sir William Draper K.B. (1721-1787). Bristol: Bristol Historical Association. p. 3. ISBN 0901388785.
  4. ^ Dreaper pp. 3–6
  5. ^ "Draper, William (DRPR740W)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  6. ^ Linda COLLEY: Leben und Schicksale der Elizabeth Marsh – Eine Frau zwischen den Welten des 18. Jahrhunderts, Aus dem Englischen von Ulrike Bishoff, (Zweitausendeins, 1. Auflage 2008), S. 243, 245, ISBN 978-3-86150-881-6
  7. ^ Biddulph, John (1901). Stringer Lawrence, the father of the Indian army. London : J. Murray. p. 105. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
  8. ^ Tracy, Nicholas (1995). Manila Ransomed. University of Exeter Press. pp. 109–115. ISBN 0859894266.
  9. ^ Cricketana by James Mycroft, 1865
  10. ^ Pall Mall, South Side, Past Buildings: Nos 94-95 Pall Mall: The Star and Garter, Survey of London: volumes 29 and 30: St James Westminster, Part 1 (1960), pp. 351–352. Retrieved 8 June 2008.

Sources

Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Draper_(British_Army_officer)