Complex volcano

A complex volcano, also called a compound volcano or a volcanic complex, is a mixed landform consisting of related volcanic centers and their associated lava flows and pyroclastic rock.^[1] They may form due to changes in eruptive habit or in the location of the principal vent area on a particular volcano.^[2] Stratovolcanoes can also form a large caldera that gets filled in by a lava dome, or else multiple small cinder cones, lava domes and craters may develop on the caldera's rim.^[2]^[3]

Although a comparatively unusual type of volcano, they are widespread in the world and in geologic history. Metamorphosed ash flow tuffs are widespread in the Precambrian rocks of northern New Mexico, which indicates that caldera complexes have been important for much of Earth's history. Yellowstone National Park is on three partly covered caldera complexes. The Long Valley Caldera in eastern California is also a complex volcano; the San Juan Mountains in southwestern Colorado are formed on a group of Neogene-age caldera complexes, and most of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic rocks of Nevada, Idaho, and eastern California are also caldera complexes and their erupted ash flow tuffs. The Bennett Lake Caldera in British Columbia and the Yukon Territory is another example of a Cenozoic (Eocene) caldera complex.

Examples

^ "Dieng Volcanic Complex – Volcano World – Oregon State University". volcano.oregonstate.edu. Oregon State University. 29 September 2010. Retrieved 2016-03-21.
^ ^a ^b ^c Rafferty, John P., ed. (2010). Plate Tectonics, Volcanoes, and Earthquakes. New York: Rosen Publishing. p. 174. ISBN 9781615301065.
^ Decker, Robert; Decker, Barbara (2006). Volcanoes (4th ed.). New York: W. H. Freeman and Company. p. 170. ISBN 9780716789291.
^ Carracedo, Juan Carlos; Troll, Valentin R, eds. (2013). Teide Volcano. Active Volcanoes of the World. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-25893-0. ISBN 978-3-642-25892-3.

Volcanoes
Types	Caldera Cinder cone Complex volcano Cryovolcano Cryptovolcanic structure Fissure vent Lava cone Lava dome Maar Mud volcano Parasitic cone Pyroclastic cone Pyroclastic shield Rootless cone Shield volcano Somma volcano Stratovolcano Subglacial volcano Submarine volcano Supervolcano Tossol Volcanic cone Harmonic tremor
Volcanic rocks	Agglomerate Andesite Basalt Basaltic andesite Benmoreite Blairmorite Cinder Dacite Felsite Ignimbrite Komatiite Lapilli Latite Leucitite Nephelinite Obsidian Phonolite Phonotephrite Pumice Rhyodacite Rhyolite Tephra Tephriphonolite Trachyandesite Trachybasalt Trachyte Tuff Pyroclastic fall Pyroclastic flow
Lists and groups	Hotspot Lists of volcanoes Eruptions by death toll Decade Volcanoes Volcanic arc Volcanic belt Volcanic field monogenetic polygenetic
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