Villiger is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

• Burchard Villiger (1816–1903), Swiss-American jesuit priest
• Claudia Villiger (born 1969), Swiss figure skater
• Kaspar Villiger (born 1941), Swiss industrialist and politician
• Mark Villiger (born 1950), South African judge
• René Villiger (1931–2010), Swiss painter
• Victor Villiger (1868–1934), Swiss-German chemist
  • Baeyer–Villiger oxidation
• Walther Augustin Villiger (1872–1938), German astronomer