Welcome,

my mission is to popularize obscure precolonial African history, with the focus being on Ethiopia, Eritrea and Sudan. My special interest lies in the history of Christian Nubia and the Arabization of the Nubians.
For entries with major contributions of mine see below. For my stuff on Wikimedia Commons click HERE.

• Alodia

Mighty medieval Nubian kingdom

• Dahlak sultanate

Early Islamic monarchy in Eritrea

• Daju kingdom
  

Badly known kingdom of medieval Darfur

• Kingdom of al-Abwab
  

Successor state of Alodia

• Kingdom of Fazughli
  

An obscure successor state of Alodia

• Throne Hall of Dongola

The throne hall of the Makurian kings as well as the oldest standing Sudanese mosque

• Ababda people: Ababda or Beja Language

19th century evidence for the pre-Arabic language of the Sudanese "Arab" Ababda tribe

• Armour in the 18th century

About 18th century European armour

• Ennarea
  

A kingdom in what is now Ethiopia that used to be of major importance before the Oromo invasions.

• Funj Sultanate: Ottoman threat and revolt of Ajib

The first 100 years of the Funj sultanate

• Georgios II of Makuria

Obscure late 9th/early 10 century Makurian king

• Makuria
• The most famous of the three medieval Nubian kingdoms
• Military career of Muhammad: First caravan raids, Battle of Badr

The early military confrontations of Muhammad

• Nobatia

Late Antique/early Medieval kingdom in Lower Nubia

• Odrysian Kingdom

Big Thracian kingdom

• Sudan: Medieval Nubian kingdoms (c. 350–1500), Islamic kingdoms of Sennar and Darfur (c. 1500–1821)

Summary of the Christian and Islamic history of Sudan

• Tora (Darfur)

Semi-legendary culture of Darfur

• Visigothic Kingdom: Culture and classical heritage

On the cultural niveau of the Visigoths

• Zagwe dynasty

Everything below the "History" section

		The Barnstar of Diligence
		For your outstanding work on Alodia which has brought the article from sketchy & unreferenced to readable & scholarly in 2017. Welcome back to Wikipedia and good luck with your efforts to delve into East African history. groupuscule (talk) 10:35, 14 May 2017 (UTC)

		The Africa Award
		It is my great pleasure to bestow a small token of appreciation for the endless work you have put into African related articles and you are hereby decorated with this Africa Award. You have made Wikipedia a better informed place - thank you. Presented by Gog the Mild (talk) 17:23, 20 May 2018 (UTC)

		The Good Article Barnstar
		Awarded for the continuing pursuit of excellence in African history. You have now generated half of the pre-20th century African history good articles. Impressive. Please continue to educate the world on the history of the continent. Gog the Mild (talk) 20:26, 2 November 2018 (UTC)

Gerda Arendt (talk) 16:34, 25 April 2019 (UTC):

	The Original Barnstar
	Just came across your work at History of Sudan. Great work on that article!! Calliopejen1 (talk) 23:21, 12 October 2020 (UTC)

Sanjak of Ibrim
Sanjak of Ottoman Empire
c. 1560-1584 1585–x
Coat of arms
Capital	Qasr Ibrim Sai
History
• Established	c. 1560
• Eyalet of Ibrim	1584-1585
• Disestablished	29 December 2024
Preceded by Succeeded by Makuria Eyalet of Ibrim
Today part of	Egypt  Sudan

Eyalet of Ibrim
Eyalet of Ottoman Empire
1584-1585
Coat of arms
Capital	Qasr Ibrim Sai
History
• Established	13 February 1584
• Disestablished	25 December 1585
Preceded by Succeeded by Sanjak of Ibrim Sanjak of Ibrim
Today part of	Egypt  Sudan

Eyalet of Ibrim, stretching from Qena to Sukkot (André J. Veldmeijer: "Leatherwork from Qasr Ibrim (Egypt). Part I: Footwear from the Ottoman Period", p. 15) Berberistan Funjistan O'Fahey Spaulding 1974 p.29 Shortly before Özdemir Pasha became governor Habesh (July 1555) attempted invasion, but troops revolted (Peacock 92-94) Campaign in Mahas 1583-1584 (Peacock 97), Sanjak of Mahas appears in 1584, battle of Hannik 1585 (Peacock 96-97)

• John Alexander: "Ottoman frontier policies in northeast Africa, 1517-1914"
• John Alexander: "The Turks on the Middle Nile"
• Sanjak of Mahas 1583 (http://africanhistory.oxfordre.com/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-190)
• Ottoman Explorations of the Nile: Evliya Çelebi s Matchless Pearl These Reports of the Nile map and his accounts of the Nile and the Horn of Africa in The Book of Travels
• The Ottomans and the Funj sultanate in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries (https://www.jstor.org/stable/23258896?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents)
• https://books.google.de/books?id=cQktCN8jcVcC&pg=PA35&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
• Sai fortress https://issuu.com/sudarchrs/docs/s_n01_alexander
• The Ottomans and Nubia in the sixteenth century http://www.ifao.egnet.net/anisl/024/06/

Shendi province: "Die ausschließliche Landessprache ist die arabische" (1824)

Moses George
King of Makuria and probably Alodia
Reign	c. 1155-1191
Predecessor	David
Successor	Basil
Born	First half of the 12th century
Died	After 1191
Mother	Sister of king David

• Alwan Art
• Hatke Aksum
• https://digitalcommons.fairfield.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1045&context=djns
• Zurawski "Nubia and Ethiopia in the Christian period-some affinities" in "Aspects of Ethiopian Art from Ancient Axum to the Twentieth Century."
• Phillipson: Foundations of an African Civilisation
• https://journals.openedition.org/cy/33
• Dahlak 10th century tribute of 500 Nubian (and Abyssinian) female slaves to Ziyadids of Yemen (EA p. 65)
• Pankhurst Nubi raiders p. 154-155
• werner pp. 103-104 letter
• Kaplan Falasha Lubia
• The Letter of an Ethiopian King t o King G eorge II of Nubia
• The Image of the Black in Western Art: Amda Seyon protector of Nubia p. 115

• Miran, Jonathan (2007). "Power Without Pashas: The Anatomy of Na'ib Au-tonomy in Ottoman Eritrea (17th-19th C.)". Eritrean Studies Review. 5: 33–88. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Serels, Steven (2018). The Impoverishment of the African Red Sea Littoral, 1640-1945. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

• Włodzimierz Godlewski: "Relation between the State and the Church in Kingdom of Makuria (8th-9th cent.)"
• Anna Pieri, Mohamed Saad, Katarzyna Solarska: "Unexpected Reuse discovered in the Temple of Dangeil"
• Amel Hassan Gismallah: "Churches in the Third Cataract Region and Southern Dongola region"
• Gertrud J.M. van Loon : "Frontier Wanderings. Church Decoration in the Aswan Region and in Lower Nubia (6th-15th century). Preliminary Results"

https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/1052696 tabaqat nationalism

Holt Cambridge History of Africa p. 42 Ajib Islamizer

Hirsch Karten 1990 S. 83-9

Churches Built in the Caves of Lasta (WÃllo Province, Ethiopia): A Chronology

https://www.academia.edu/27498407/Nubian_cathedrals_with_granite_columns_A_view_from_Sai_Island

http://catalogue.pearsoned.co.uk/assets/hip/gb/uploads/M02_HOLT4458_06_SE_C02.pdf