You have been on Wikipedia for 1/3 of your entire life! I was only a few years old when you joined! I am sure I am speaking for everyone when I say, Thank you! BobherryTalkEdits 01:01, 20 February 2020 (UTC)
Grandmaster Service Award
Grandmaster Editor
Congratulations on reaching this milestone :) M A A Z T A L K 21:47, 19 February 2018 (UTC)
5th editor to break the million edit barrier
The Tireless Contributor Barnstar
Congratulations on your millionth edit! ϢereSpielChequers 10:46, 10 May 2017 (UTC)
Awards for the 10th Wikipedian to have 500,000 edits
You and a friend can hang out there all week and enjoy raucous debates and mindless skullduggery with Jimbo's regular stalkers. Just remember to return the key to Jimbo's back pocket without him noticing. Regards and "congratulations/commiserations" (please delete whichever doesn't apply to you). Green Giant supports NonFreeWiki (talk) 14:01, 9 March 2014 (UTC)
Have a bunch of keys. Congratulations. SchreiberBiketalk 16:22, 9 March 2014 (UTC)
Here's another key for you VanIsaacWScont 09:37, 10 March 2014 (UTC)
The key to the room that holds the rolls of scripts inscribed with the secrets of Wikipedia
Here, I reward you with the key to THE ROOM THAT HOLDS THE SCROLLS OF WIKIPEDIA SECRETS! For being the tenth wikipedian to pass 500,000 edits! Yutah Andrei Marzan Ogawa123|UPage|☺★(talk) 02:34, 15 March 2014 (UTC)
Along with this. The key to deleting vandal's contributions and nuking them.
delete Key
--Yutah Andrei Marzan Ogawa123|UPage|☺★(talk) 02:41, 15 March 2014 (UTC)
Congrats on number 250,000! -- Ϫ 13:58, 13 October 2010 (UTC)
Gallery of gifts
World cities Just to say thanks once again for your ongoing efforts to keep the New York-related wikilinks pointing to the right places while the rest of us are distracted by all the discussions. Certes (talk) 18:20, 10 July 2017 (UTC) - New York is there, lower left.
Your barnstars just must have gotten lost Prodegotalk 17:19, 7 December 2005 (UTC)
Your pre-administrator wiki-life was EATEN BY A BEAR!
In 2013 you were one of the top 300 medical editors across any language of Wikipedia. Thank you so much for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date medical information to the public. We really appreciate you and the vital work you do!
The Cure Award
In 2015 you were one of the top 300 medical editors across any language of Wikipedia. Thank you from Wiki Project Med Foundation for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public. We really appreciate you and the vital work you do! Wiki Project Med Foundation is a user group whose mission is to improve our health content. Consider joining here, there are no associated costs, and we would love to collaborate further.
The 2016 Cure Award
In 2016 you were one of the top ~200 medical editors across any language of Wikipedia. Thank you from Wiki Project Med Foundation for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public. We really appreciate you and the vital work you do! Wiki Project Med Foundation is a user group whose mission is to improve our health content. Consider joining here, there are no associated costs.
The 2017 Cure Award
In 2017 you were one of the top ~250 medical editors across any language of Wikipedia. Thank you from Wiki Project Med Foundation for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public. We really appreciate you and the vital work you do! Wiki Project Med Foundation is a user group whose mission is to improve our health content. Consider joining here, there are no associated costs.
The 2019 Cure Award
In 2019 you were one of the top ~300 medical editors across any language of Wikipedia. Thank you from Wiki Project Med for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public. We really appreciate you and the vital work you do! Wiki Project Med Foundation is a thematic organization whose mission is to improve our health content. Consider joining here, there are no associated costs.
Disambiguation barnstars
The Disambiguator's Barnstar
The Disambiguator's Barnstar is awarded to Wikipedians who are prolific disambiguators. For fixing a ton of links this month and tackling a whole host of very difficult dabbed articles. --JaGatalk 08:59, 27 September 2010 (UTC)
The Disambiguator's Barnstar
Thanks for all your hard work on disambiguation pages, it's appreciated. Best wishes, Boleyn (talk) 20:31, 12 February 2011 (UTC)
The Super Disambiguator's Barnstar
The Super Disambiguator's Barnstar is awarded to the winners of the Disambiguation Pages With Links monthly challenge, who have gone above and beyond to remove ambiguous links. This award is presented to BD2412, for successfully fixing 5712 links in the challenge of October, 2010. This user is also recognized as the Bonus List Champion of May, 2011.Quinxorin (talk) 08:45, 1 July 2011 (UTC)
The Super Disambiguator's Barnstar
The Super Disambiguator's Barnstar is awarded to the winners of the Disambiguation pages with linksmonthly challenge, who have gone above and beyond to remove ambiguous links. Your achievment will be recorded at the Hall of Fame. This award is presented to BD2412, for successfully fixing 5772 links in the challenge of March, 2012. In addition, this award recognizes you for setting an all-time Bonus List record with 4936 fixes, and for an almost-complete lack of complaining about its lateness. :) Nick Number (talk) 13:54, 20 June 2012 (UTC)
The Super Disambiguator's Barnstar
The Super Disambiguator's Barnstar is awarded to the winners of the Disambiguation pages with linksmonthly challenge, who have gone above and beyond to remove ambiguous links. Your achievment will be recorded at the Hall of Fame. This award is presented to BD2412, for successfully fixing 3305 links in the challenge of October 2012. Rcsprinter(orate) @ 20:20, 5 November 2012 (UTC)
Thanks for fixing the Category:Ride albums dablink. Now I've seen how you did it, I know how to fix the category ones myself. :) CarrieVS (talk) 14:02, 14 January 2013 (UTC)
The Super Disambiguator's Barnstar
The Super Disambiguator's Barnstar is awarded to the winners of the Disambiguation pages with linksmonthly challenge, who have gone above and beyond to remove ambiguous links. Your achievment will be recorded at the Hall of Fame. This award is presented to BD2412, for successfully fixing 3778 links in the challenge of January 2013. Rcsprinter(rap) @ 17:43, 1 February 2013 (UTC)
Is that sweet bean!?!
For the positive work of redirecting three disambigious pages to Asian American article, I present to you this frozen dessert. May it fuel you in your future editing of articles that fall within the scope of WP:USAA. RightCowLeftCoast (talk) 23:32, 11 May 2013 (UTC)
The Super Disambiguator's Barnstar
The Super Disambiguator's Barnstar is awarded to the winners of the Disambiguation pages with linksmonthly challenge, who have gone above and beyond to remove ambiguous links. Your achievment will be recorded at the Hall of Fame. This award is presented to BD2412, for successfully fixing 3572 links in the challenge of September 2013. Rcsprinter(cackle) @ 21:34, 2 October 2013 (UTC)
The Super Disambiguator's Barnstar
The Super Disambiguator's Barnstar is awarded to the winners of the Disambiguation pages with linksmonthly challenge, who have gone above and beyond to remove ambiguous links. Your achievment will be recorded at the Hall of Fame. This award is presented to BD2412, for successfully fixing 3377 links in the challenge of December 2013. Rcsprinter(indicate) @ 23:38, 3 January 2014 (UTC)
The Super Disambiguator's Barnstar
The Super Disambiguator's Barnstar is awarded to the winners of the Disambiguation pages with linksmonthly challenge, who have gone above and beyond to remove ambiguous links. Your achievment will be recorded at the Hall of Fame. This award is presented to BD2412, for successfully fixing 3837 links in the challenge of February 2014. Rcsprinter123(gossip) @ 18:15, 2 March 2014 (UTC)
The Super Disambiguator's Barnstar
The Super Disambiguator's Barnstar is awarded to the winners of the Disambiguation pages with linksmonthly challenge, who have gone above and beyond to remove ambiguous links. Your achievment will be recorded at the Hall of Fame. This award is presented to BD2412, for successfully fixing 4457 links in the challenge of May 2014. Rcsprinter123(gossip) @ 18:12, 2 June 2014 (UTC)
The Disambiguator's Barnstar is awarded to Wikipedians who are prolific disambiguators. Great work finishing what I started this cruel summer! — Smjg (talk) 21:40, 25 August 2020 (UTC)
The Disambiguator's Barnstar
The Disambiguator's Barnstar is awarded to Wikipedians who are prolific disambiguators. Thanks for disambiguating the Junior backlog. --I dream of horses (Contribs) (Talk) 11:09, 17 June 2022 (UTC)
More barnstars
For extensive work on the VfD. Molotov 20:52, 19 October 2005 (UTC)
I, Orane hereby give BD2412 this Barnstar of diligence for being an extraordinary Wiki-citizen. You are a valuable asset to the community.Orane(t) (c) (e-mail) 02:06, 8 December 2005 (UTC)
BD2412 is hereby awarded the Vandal Whacking Stick for blocking and reverting vandals (and often beating me to it).
I saw you on my watchlist. Upon reading the edit summary, it seemed like the worst idea ever. After reading the edit diff, it seems like the best idea ever. Antrocent (♫♬) 18:24, 9 September 2014 (UTC)
I hereby award you this Jack McCoyLaw & Order Barnstar for your tireless work on all matters legal and lawlike on Wikipedia. Tufflaw 04:48, 30 December 2005 (UTC): (Note: original image removed due to copyright concerns)
If I deserve a barnstar, you deserve a billion of 'em, wiki-hero! Xoloz 18:07, 12 June 2006 (UTC)
I hereby award you a barnstar for your all-around excellence on Wikipedia. --Gray Porpoise 17:02, 30 June 2006 (UTC)
BD2412 has earned a Cernen's Plusbox for finding the joke I made out of the merge box funny and/or making a somewhat similar joke in the AfD page for cake mix.
Editor's barnstars
The Editor's Barnstar
U r an awesome editor and writer :) Keep up the good work!! Sorceress150 (talk) 15:35, 8 November 2011 (UTC)
The Editor's Barnstar
Great use of UserSpace to retain notable data against the tides of deletionism which hinders its inclusion. Ranze (talk) 14:44, 2 December 2016 (UTC)
The Editor's Barnstar
Thanks for getting Dennis Bonnen back into good shape. It is a bit of a hobby of mine to ID leftover Billy Hathorn copyvios 🙃 Marquardtika (talk) 00:20, 6 September 2020 (UTC)
The Copyeditor's Barnstar
Dear BD2412,
Thank you so much for your recent diligence and conscientiousness in editing King Norodom Sihamoni's Wikipedia page.
Wikipedia is lucky to have you amongst its ranks.
Please accept this Copyeditor's Barnstar as a token of my sincere appreciation and in recognition of your hard work and awesomeness!!
For taking on the task with the other two admins in resolving the RM issue at the Bradley/Chelsea Manning article. I know that this was a difficult task and applaud all three of you. GregJackPBoomer! 04:23, 31 August 2013 (UTC)
Thanks for your edits and corrections on my entries you performed by BD2412bot. Best, Daniele.tampieri (talk) 17:21, 28 April 2016 (UTC)
The Admin's Barnstar
I see you going HAM on that deletion log, removing old IP address talk page archives. Thanks for the hard work! AlexEng(TALK) 05:04, 2 December 2016 (UTC)
For your ceaseless and unending contributions to wikipedia, not simply to the articles to which I've contributed, but to all the pieces I see you constantly working on. You're one of the reasons that people come read the entries here. Thank you and enjoy the holiday. MarmadukePercy (talk) 01:08, 3 July 2009 (UTC)
The Tireless Contributor Barnstar
Congratulations on your 1 millionth edit (Wikimedia-wide)! If you run out of things to write about, I have a nice list of paintings by Frida Kahlo ;) Kaldari (talk) 00:05, 15 September 2015 (UTC)
For your herculean ongoing effort at cleaning up the incoming New York links. Don't give up, and keep up the good spirit! Diego (talk) 23:16, 1 September 2016 (UTC)
The Tireless Contributor Barnstar
Thank you for all the check wiki and other cleanups you perform on a mostly daily basis, without you we would probably have nothing but check wiki errors on every page on Wikipedia. ⓏⓟⓟⓘⓧTalk 20:19, 28 April 2017 (UTC)
The Tireless Contributor Barnstar
Hey, thanks for adding short descriptions to so many articles. I'm sure it's tedious but it's much appreciated! Marquardtika (talk) 19:48, 27 March 2019 (UTC)
The Tireless Contributor Barnstar
For your incredible work on helping create Supreme Court Justice articles. It is hard to find dedicated people on the missing article page. I am glad to have found your work. I will assist you as much as I can. AmericanAir88(talk) 15:21, 1 July 2019 (UTC)
Guidance barnstars
The Guidance Barnstar
I award this Guidance Barnstar to BD2412 - a Wikipedia leader. Thank you for taking time in assisting fellow editors in dispute resolution on a topic that holds little interest. You may have saved this editor from leaving Wikipedia from too much wikistress. Thanks Morphh(talk)21:17, 04 September 2008 (UTC)
The Guidance Barnstar
Awarded to bd2412 who located valuable references for me to use as I saw fit making my Wiki debut a pleasant one. Jlrobertson (talk) 16:52, 11 April 2009 (UTC)
The Guidance Barnstar
You truly keep Wikipedia moving in positive directions. Gregkaye (talk) 16:07, 3 September 2014 (UTC)
Teamwork barnstars
The Teamwork Barnstar
I can't tell you how many times I've found your work on compiling missing articles useful! Keep up the good work! Jokestress (talk) 04:16, 7 October 2011 (UTC)
The Teamwork Barnstar
This barnstar is awarded in recognition of your contributions to building the evidence base for the Chelsea Manning move. Well done! Obi-Wan Kenobi (talk) 06:11, 1 October 2013 (UTC)
The Teamwork Barnstar
For your good efforts. --evrik(talk) 21:37, 14 November 2013 (UTC)
The Prespa Barnstar
Thank you for your hard work on with the 2019 Macedonia Name RFC. We finally rewrote Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Macedonia), and we could not have done it without your service on the closing panel for the RFC. Thank you, BD2412. I am glad to have had the great pleasure to work with you! –MJL‐Talk‐☖ 04:47, 8 May 2019 (UTC)
Special barnstars
The Special Barnstar
For saving my sanity. Narky Blert (talk) 19:36, 20 May 2018 (UTC)
The Special Barnstar
Thanks a lot for beautifying both en.wiki and en.wikiquote. You are amazing! OccultZone (Talk • Contributions • Log) 05:13, 24 August 2014 (UTC)
The Special Barnstar
Didn't know this userbox was available... muchas gracias! Saintfevrier (talk) 16:23, 20 August 2015 (UTC)
The Special Barnstar
For informing the general public how we delete articles. Amazing work. Scorpions13256 (talk) 01:34, 7 November 2021 (UTC)
Original barnstars
The Original Barnstar
For your extraordinary efforts on articles relating to judges. Newyorkbrad (talk) 22:20, 26 August 2015 (UTC)
The Original Barnstar
of continued common sense and industry. Well done. In ictu oculi (talk) 21:00, 2 December 2017 (UTC)
The Original Barnstar
Thanks for improving Wikipedia. People like you should often proceed towards making a society where education comes at no cost. Hope you continue your work with ease. Yash 06:49, 14 March 2020 (UTC)
The Original Barnstar
Thank you so much for creating the draft article for the soon to be announced Tim Scott 2024 presidential campaign. I have created an article with your and the other editors' content at Tim Scott 2024 presidential campaign. If you have any edits, put them there. Again, thank you for creating the article. Sophiakn (talk) 21:05, 19 May 2023 (UTC)
The Original Barnstar
Cock (slang) has over 10k views since you turned it into an article. Thanks for that. Mach61 19:00, 9 November 2024 (UTC)
Thanks for attending to the history! --evrik(talk) 18:24, 13 December 2013 (UTC)
The Minor Barnstar
For implementing AWB for someone who knew not how. NickCT (talk) 19:36, 20 May 2014 (UTC)
Even more barnstars
WikiMedal for Janitorial Services
I hereby award you the WikiMedal for Janitorial Services for your excellent work in prepping and fixing the articles on federal judges -- especially the thankless task of merges and deletions of subpages. Oy oy oyez! Hip hip horray! – Quadell(talk) 02:56, 5 March 2009 (UTC)
The Attention to Attribution Barnstar
For your diligent attention to attribution concerns, please accept this as a small token of my appreciation. –xenotalk 15:26, 18 September 2010 (UTC)
The Random Acts of Kindness Barnstar
You have been a helpful and patient friend, who always offers assistance and advise when needed and will never scold you over a mistake, only constructive criticism when necessary. – Phoenix B 1of3(talk) 04:12, 21 November 2011 (UTC)
Oops! Thanks for correcting this! Cheers, Edcolins (talk) 23:06, 18 February 2012 (UTC)
Thanks for making me feel less lonely over on particulates. Strawberries are particularly nice at this time of year NHSavage (talk) 19:30, 7 August 2012 (UTC)
Dear chap/chapess, you deserve a nice cup of tea for calmly fixing redirects while people are swearing at you. I have posted a comment at Talk:Kyoto. In ictu oculi (talk) 04:27, 14 January 2013 (UTC)
The Barnstar of Diplomacy
I disagreed that the Manning article should be restored to the previous name, but deeply appreciate your diplomatic and neutral involvement in this matter. Thanks for taking this burden on...it was above the call of duty. MONGO 15:48, 1 September 2013 (UTC)
For the image of your own belly-button lint. Bearian (talk) 17:38, 15 May 2014 (UTC)
The Monumental Barnstar
BD2412, I tried to find a barnstar which fairly described your efforts at the recent HRC move request. I failed. Regardless of how the RM closes, you should know that your efforts were simply, monumental. NickCT (talk) 15:21, 8 May 2015 (UTC)
The Writer's Barnstar
That article is going to get deleted. I confess when I first spotted it and its title, I was like "that's going to AfD with a 'delete' from me". But then I read it and it seemed interesting, well-written and actually relevant to American culture. But no good deed goes unpunished. LjL (talk) 22:23, 15 February 2016 (UTC)
The Half Barnstar
Well, this says "opposing viewpoint" but I guess this applies to the 2 law articles so far because half the credit goes to you. Time for more. Pyrusca (talk) 23:29, 5 August 2016 (UTC)
I cannot overemphasize how much I appreciate your diligence as one of the best lint traps on WP. Keep up the good work!! Atsme📞📧 22:37, 24 November 2017 (UTC)
The Barnstar of Diligence
Clearly a subject matter expert, with the right references at hand, and quick on the draw. Rhadow (talk) 20:11, 27 November 2017 (UTC)
float
Here's a toast to the host
Of those who edit wiki near and far,
To a friend we send a message, "keep the data up to par".
We drink to those who wrote a lot of prose,
And then they whacked a vandal several dozen blows.
A toast to the host of those who boast, the Wikipedians!
- From {{subst:Rosguill}}
Looks like we don't actually have a wine wikilove template set up...at any rate, thanks for the suggestion to turn House wine into an article and the sources signed, Rosguilltalk 23:24, 12 June 2019 (UTC)
The Anti-Vandalism Barnstar
This is for your valuable efforts for countering Vandalism and protecting Wikipedia from it's threats. I appreciate your effort. You are a defender of Wikipedia. Thank you. PATHSLOPU 10:32, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
Thanks For Weighing in Helpfully
Thanks for wading in with good reasoning providing light in the darkness. Quaerens-veritatem (talk) 02:48, 8 October 2019 (UTC)
The Civility Barnstar
Excellent work. Topics of this sort are neglected on Wikipedia and so filling this gaping hole is worth a barnstar too. Well done! Andrew🐉(talk) 09:06, 19 May 2020 (UTC)
The Writer's Barnstar
Great job writing all these law articles (I have just started reviewing them). | Zippybonzo | Talk | 18:14, 24 May 2022 (UTC)
The Surreal Barnstar
I think you should be commended for having the patience and time to go through every U.S. Senator's last name and adding disambiguation/category pages for each of them. Thank you so much! That Coptic Guy 03:45, 25 September 2022 (UTC)
The Brilliant Idea Barnstar
You are so helpful and supportive Dinah5667 (talk) 03:35, 11 January 2023 (UTC)
For being helpful and wise at a little ol' noticeboard forgotten by many. jp×g 01:41, 2 September 2023 (UTC)
The Brilliant Idea Barnstar
I love a clever solution to a large problem, and that’s exactly what you found after a a move request would have resulted in over 300 manual page moves. Well done, and thanks for tackling the large list for me! Bobby Cohn (talk) 01:52, 24 August 2024 (UTC)
DYK and ITN
On October 3, 2009, Did you know? was updated with a fact from the article Cruciate ligament, which you created or substantially expanded. You are welcome to check how many hits your article got while on the front page (here's how) and add it to DYKSTATS if it got over 5,000. If you know of another interesting fact from a recently created article, then please suggest it on the Did you know? talk page.
Cas Liber (talk· contribs) 02:31, 9 October 2017 (UTC)
On 28 January 2018, Did you know was updated with a fact from the article Digiday, which you recently created, substantially expanded, or brought to good article status. The fact was ... that a website run by Digiday generates random absurd Twitter bios followed by profanity-laced commentary? The nomination discussion and review may be seen at Template:Did you know nominations/Digiday. You are welcome to check how many page hits the article got while on the front page (here's how, Digiday), and it may be added to the statistics page if the total is over 5,000. Finally, if you know of an interesting fact from another recently created article, then please feel free to suggest it on the Did you know talk page.
On 29 January 2019, Did you know was updated with a fact from the article Rivalry, which you recently created, substantially expanded, or brought to good article status. The fact was ... that rivalries encourage people to take more risks and behave less ethically? The nomination discussion and review may be seen at Template:Did you know nominations/Rivalry. You are welcome to check how many page hits the article got while on the front page (here's how, Rivalry), and it may be added to the statistics page if the total is over 5,000. Finally, if you know of an interesting fact from another recently created article, then please feel free to suggest it on the Did you know talk page.
On 30 August 2019, Did you know was updated with a fact from the article Nicholas Emery, which you recently created, substantially expanded, or brought to good article status. The fact was ... that Nicholas Emery tried to negotiate the sale of Maine's northern territory to the American government for one million acres (4,000 km2) of the Michigan Territory? The nomination discussion and review may be seen at Template:Did you know nominations/Nicholas Emery. You are welcome to check how many page hits the article got while on the front page (here's how, Nicholas Emery), and it may be added to the statistics page if the total is over 5,000. Finally, if you know of an interesting fact from another recently created article, then please feel free to suggest it on the Did you know talk page.
On 2 April 2020, In the news was updated with an item that involved the article James A. Redden, which you updated. If you know of another recently created or updated article suitable for inclusion in ITN, please suggest it on the candidates page. Indefensible (talk) 16:04, 2 April 2020 (UTC)
On 19 May 2020, Did you know was updated with a fact from the article Please, which you recently created, substantially expanded, or brought to good article status. The fact was ... that in some situations, saying "please" may yield worse outcomes? The nomination discussion and review may be seen at Template:Did you know nominations/Please. You are welcome to check how many page hits the article got while on the front page (here's how, Please), and it may be added to the statistics page if the total is over 5,000. Finally, if you know of an interesting fact from another recently created article, then please feel free to suggest it on the Did you know talk page.
On 30 April 2021, Did you know was updated with a fact from the article John T. Newton, which you recently created, substantially expanded, or brought to good article status. The fact was ... that Captain John T. Newton commanded USS Missouri on the first crossing of the Atlantic by an American steam-powered warship, and was later court-martialed after an accidental fire sank the ship? The nomination discussion and review may be seen at Template:Did you know nominations/John T. Newton. You are welcome to check how many pageviews the nominated article or articles got while on the front page (here's how, John T. Newton), and if they received a combined total of at least 416.7 views per hour (i.e., 5,000 views in 12 hours or 10,000 in 24), the hook may be added to the statistics page. Finally, if you know of an interesting fact from another recently created article, then please feel free to suggest it on the Did you know talk page.
On 8 September 2022, Did you know was updated with a fact from the article Eli N. Evans, which you recently created, substantially expanded, or brought to good article status. The fact was ... that Eli N. Evans authored three books about the culture and history of Jews in the American South? The nomination discussion and review may be seen at Template:Did you know nominations/Eli N. Evans. You are welcome to check how many pageviews the nominated article or articles got while on the front page (here's how, Eli N. Evans), and if they received a combined total of at least 416.7 views per hour (i.e., 5,000 views in 12 hours or 10,000 in 24), the hook may be added to the statistics page. Finally, if you know of an interesting fact from another recently created article, then please feel free to suggest it on the Did you know talk page.
This user (hereafter "User"), and all subsidiaries, agents, et al. acting on his/her/their/its behalf, herein manifest possession of, and are henceforth estopped from disclaiming, an advanced knowledge of Legalese, or access to such knowledge as to suffice as a reasonable substitute.
