United Automobile Services

Founded	May 1912 (1912-05)
Ceased operation	December 1987 (1987-12)
Headquarters	Darlington, England
Service area	County Durham Cumbria Northumberland North Yorkshire Tyne & Wear
Service type	Bus and coach

United Automobile Services was a bus company, which operated local and regional bus services in County Durham, Cumbria, Northumberland, North Yorkshire and Tyne & Wear, England. It provided bus services across a wide geographical area, stretching from the border town of Berwick-upon-Tweed in the north, Filey in the south, and Carlisle in the west.

The company was founded in Lowestoft, Suffolk in May 1912, with two routes. One route operated in Suffolk, with the other operating over 200 miles away in County Durham, between Bishop Auckland and Durham.

During the 1920s, the company expanded in Lincolnshire and Norfolk, as well as County Durham, Northumberland and North Yorkshire.

In 1929, control passed to the Tilling Group and the London and North Eastern Railway,^[1] and in 1931 the new owners split off the East Anglian operations into a separate company, Eastern Counties Omnibus Company.^[2][3]

United also started East Midland Motor Services. This came about through the desire to expand. One of their managers, W.T. Underwood, was sent to Clowne (near Chesterfield) to set up a bus company in his own name. The Underwoods company later became East Midland.

United was nationalised in 1948, and controlled first by the British Transport Commission, from 1 January 1963 by the Transport Holding Company, and from 1 January 1969 by the National Bus Company.

The company ran vehicles from its head office in Darlington and garages across their area, including Durham, Hartlepool, Whitby and Peterlee amongst others. Most of those vehicles were Bristols with Gardner engines and Eastern Coach Works bodies, the LH and VR being common vehicles. Another vehicle commonly used was the Leyland National. United were one of only three operators (and the only English operator) to buy the Bristol REMH 12-metre (39 ft) coach chassis.^[4] These 35 vehicles, which had Plaxton Panorama Elite III 49-seat coach bodywork, were delivered between 1971 and 1975.^[4][5]

In the mid-1980s, following the deregulation of bus services, a number of Dodge and Mercedes-Benz minibuses were purchased by United for use on local services. Some routes replaced existing "big bus" services, with others operating on brand new services, which were highly competitive with existing services operated by the local authority – notably in Darlington and Hartlepool.

Most of these minibuses were branded with names such as Darlington Roadranger, Hartlepool Hoppa, Peterlee Panther, Whitby Clipper amongst others. These new minibus routes ran around housing estates to a Hail and Ride system and after some initial controversy, these services proved successful for United, most notably in Darlington where the minibus network was hugely expanded.

In the lead up to privatisation, the Northumberland and Scarborough areas were separated into two new companies, Northumbria Motor Services^[6] and Scarborough & District] Companies House^[7] in 1986, with the latter then being transferred to East Yorkshire Motor Services.^[8]

On 2 December 1987, as part of the privatisation of the National Bus Company, United was sold to Caldaire Holdings who had earlier purchased West Riding Automobile Company.^[9][10][11]

In 1990, operations in Cleveland and Middlesbrough were separated and renamed Tees & District, with the Stockton-on-Tees depot operating under the Teesside Motor Services brand.^[12][13][14]

In 1992, United was sold to the Westcourt Group.^[15][16] It was sold in 1995 to National Express, and again in 1996 to the Cowie Group.^[17] Today it is part of Arriva North East.

In the 1985 official fleet book, United's operations were shown as split into three operating areas; Northumberland, Durham, and Cleveland.^[18]

• Allenheads (Outstation) – The Barn
• Alnwick – Lisburn Street
• Ashington – Lintonville Terrace
• Berwick – Marygate
• Blyth – Bridge Street
• Hexham – Burn Lane
• Morpeth – Dark Lane
• Newcastle (Gallowgate) – Gallowgate
• Newcastle (Jesmond) – Portland Terrace
• Rothbury – High Street
• Seahouses (Outstation) – Public Car Park
• Whitley Bay – Park Avenue
• Wooler – South Road

• Barnard Castle (Outstation) – Thorngate
• Bishop Auckland – Morland Street
• Darlington – Bus Station, Feethams
• Durham – Waddington Street
• Hawes (Outstation) – Gayle Lane
• Newton Aycliffe (Outstation) – Ridgeway
• Northallerton – Brompton Road
• Peterlee – Davy Drive
• Richmond – Station Yard
• Ripon – Park Street
• Shotton Colliery – Flemming Field (1930s)
• Sunderland – Toward Road

• Hartlepool – Clarence Road
• Loftus – Whitby Road
• Middlesbrough – Union Street
• Pickering (Outstation) – Thornton Road
• Redcar – Regent Street
• Scarborough – Vernon Road
• Stokesley – North Road
• Whitby – Upgang Lane

• Carlisle – Lowther Street – routes east of Carlisle towards Newcastle and Carlisle Town Hall to Botcherby estate

Media related to United Automobile Company at Wikimedia Commons

• United Flickr gallery