Tryphaena or Tryphena may refer to:

• Tryphaena (ca 141 BC – 111 BC), Ptolemaic princess, wife of Antiochus VIII Grypus, queen of Syria
• Saint Tryphaena of Cyzicus (fl. 1st century AD), Roman Christian martyr
• Crepereia Tryphaena, Roman woman discovered with grave goods in 1889
• Tryphaena Cleopatraina may refer to:
  • Cleopatra V Tryphaena
  • Cleopatra VI Tryphaena
• Antonia Tryphaena (10 BC – 55), Queen of Thrace, likely the basis of Tryphena in Romans and in The Acts of Thecla and Paul
• Tryphaena, a character in the Satyricon of Petronius

• Tryphena and Tryphosa, women mentioned in Romans 16
• Tryphena Anderson (born 1933), Jamaican-British nurse, the first black health visitor in the United Kingdom
• Tryphena Sparks (1851–1890), a cousin and possible lover of Thomas Hardy
• Tryphena, New Zealand, a town in New Zealand