Severe Tropical Storm Aere (Julian)

Severe Tropical Storm Aere near peak intensity on October 7
Meteorological history
Formed	October 4, 2016
Remnant low	October 10, and re-generated on October 13
Dissipated	October 14, 2016
Severe tropical storm
10-minute sustained (JMA)
Highest winds	110 km/h (70 mph)
Lowest pressure	975 hPa (mbar); 28.79 inHg
Tropical storm
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC)
Highest winds	100 km/h (65 mph)
Lowest pressure	985 hPa (mbar); 29.09 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities	37 total
Damage	$209 million (2016 USD)
Areas affected	Philippines, Taiwan, South China, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia
IBTrACS
Part of the 2016 Pacific typhoon season

Severe Tropical Storm Aere, known in the Philippines as Tropical Storm Julian, was a long-lived tropical cyclone that struck Central Vietnam in October 2016. The nineteenth named storm of the annual typhoon season, Aere formed on October 4, 2016 as a tropical depression to the east of Luzon, Philippines shortly after the JMA had started tracking Songda. On the next day, the system had become a tropical storm and it moved into South China Sea. During October 7, it intensified into a severe tropical storm and reached peak intensity with 10-minute winds of 110 km/h (70 mph). Shortly thereafter, due to remaining in almost the same area for hours, Aere began to weaken to a tropical storm, and on October 10, it weakened to a tropical depression, before weakening to a low-pressure area late on October 11. On October 13, Aere re-generated into a tropical depression and it made landfall in Huế, Vietnam late that day. The system moved towards Laos and Thailand before it fully dissipated on October 14.

Aere affected parts of Southeast Asia in October 2016, but its impact was most severe in Vietnam. Heavy flooding triggered by the remnants of Aere from October 13 to October 17, 2016 in North-Central Vietnam caused severe damage. A total of 7 people were killed and total damage reached US$209 million. The remnants of Aere also caused heavy rains in northeast Thailand.

At the start of October 2016, a broad area of atmospheric convection persisted, to the east-southeast of Anderson Air Force Base on Guam.^[1] The system was located within a favourable environment for further development, with low vertical wind shear and warm sea surface temperatures.^[1] Over the next couple of days the system moved north-westwards and started to consolidate, as it developed a low level circulation centre. It was subsequently classified as a tropical depression during October 4, by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), while it was located about 1,000 km (620 mi) to the northeast of Manila in the Philippines,^[2] to the east to the Babuyan Group of Islands.^[3][4] Later that day, PAGASA had named the system Julian.^[5] The JTWC started issuing advisories on the system while it moved westward during October 5, with the designation of 22W.^[6] Despite Julian having a disorganised structure while crossing the Luzon Strait, the system was located in an area of light to moderate wind shear and very warm sea surface temperatures.^[7] After satellite imagery had depicted a significant increase of convection, all agencies upgraded Julian to a tropical storm, with the JMA naming it as Aere.^{[8][9][10][11]} Hours later, when Aere had emerged to the extreme northern part of the South China Sea, Aere reached peak intensity with 10-minute winds of 110 km/h (70 mph), just shy of typhoon strength, after it remained nearly stationary between two subtropical ridges.^[12][13] Shortly thereafter, due to remaining in almost the same area for hours, Aere began to weaken and the JMA downgraded it to a tropical storm.^[14][15] By October 10, Aere's LLCC became exposed due to southwesterly wind shear and both the JMA and JTWC issued their final advisory three hours later.^[16][17] The JMA tracked its remnants as it moved southwestward until it weakened to a low-pressure area late on October 11.^[18]

Later, the low-pressure area moved southwestward on October 12,^[19] until the well-marked low pressure area of Aere re-generated into a tropical depression early on October 13.^[20][21] The JMA started to tracked the tropical depression^[22] and the JTWC re-issued advisories too.^[23] Now moving westward, Aere had flaring convection with weak banding and was located in an area of high SSTs and low wind shear.^[24] Although the system had failed to re-organize into a weak tropical storm, the JTWC issued its final advisory and shortly thereafter it made landfall several kilometers north of Da Nang, Vietnam.^[25] The remnants of Aere was tracked by the JMA as a weak tropical depression on October 14.^[26] It moved towards Laos and Thailand^[27] until it fully dissipated later that day.^[26]

Aere was known in Vietnam as Cơn bão số 6 (the 6th storm in 2016).^[28] After Aere re-generated into a tropical depression on October 13, it made landfall in Huế, Central Vietnam, peaked gust at category 9 (Beaufort scale).^[29] It caused very heavy rainfall in North–Central Vietnam,^[29][30] with accumulations of about 300–900 mm (1–3 ft) recorded in coastal provinces,^[31] peaked heavy rainfall at 747 mm (29.4 in) in Đồng Hới, the record since 1955.^[32] Heavy rains from the remnants of Aere and the northeast monsoon caused flooding in North–Central Vietnam from October 13 to October 17, . A total of 37 people were killed, mostly in Quảng Bình with 22 people.^[33][34] Total damage estimated for transport works were at 130 billion ₫(US$5.83 million).^[35] In Quảng Bình Province, 93 thousand houses, two thousand crops and 600 hectares of annual food-fields were destroyed.^[34][36] In Hà Tĩnh, 3,200 hectares of agricultural land were destroyed and a total of 175 thousand cattle and poultry were dead; total damages reached at ₫994 billion (US$44.6 million). In Nghệ An, more than 8,200 houses and 9.700ha rice and vegetables fields were flooded, total damages estimated at ₫468 billion (US$21 million).^[37] Total damages from the flooding reached ₫4.6 trillion (US$209 million).^[33] Some say that North–Central Vietnam had its worst flooding since 2010.^[32]

During October 6, the Stand By Signal No.1 was hoisted for the Chinese territories of Hong Kong by the Hong Kong Observatory.^[38] When Aere moved westward to South China Sea on October 6^[39] and became almost stationary on October 8,^[12] it brought heavy rains in Guangdong and Southeast China.^[40] On October 13, when Aere were re-generated over the east coast of Vietnam, the Thai Meteorological Department issued widespread rain forecast for east side of provinces.^[41] The remnants of Aere moved into Laos and Thailand on October 14. It caused heavy rains in the east side of northeastern provinces of Thailand from October 14 to October 16.^[27]

On October 18, the Vietnam Red Cross allocated relief assistance of goods, total cost at ₫1.97 billion (US$88,300) for 4 provinces in flooded areas.^[42] On October 20, The National Assembly of Vietnam and President of Vietnam supported relief assistance for north–central flooded provinces.^[43][44]

• Weather of 2016
• Tropical cyclones in 2016
• Typhoon Cimaron (2006)
• Tropical Depression 18W (2013)
• Typhoon Krosa (2013)
• Tropical Storm Vamco (2015)
• October 2017 Vietnam tropical depression
• Tropical Storm Son-Tinh (2018)

• JMA General Information of Severe Tropical Storm Aere (1619) from Digital Typhoon
• JMA Best Track Data of Severe Tropical Storm Aere (1619) (in Japanese)
• 22W.AERE from the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory