Trinity of Carnatic music
The Trinity of Carnatic Music, also known as the Three Jewels of Carnatic Music, refers to the outstanding trio of composer-musicians of Carnatic music in the 18th century—Tyagaraja, Muthuswami Dikshitar, and Syama Sastri. Prolific in composition, the Trinity of Carnatic music is known for creating a new era in the history of carnatic music by bringing about a noticeable change in what was the existing carnatic music tradition.[1] Compositions of the Trinity of Carnatic music are recognized as being distinct in style, and original in handling ragas.[1] All three composers were born in Thiruvarur, formerly part of Thanjavur District in Tamilnadu.[2] M. S. Subbalakshmi, D. K. Pattammal, and M. L. Vasanthakumari, who are carnatic musicians of the 20th century, are popularly referred to as the female Trinity of Carnatic Music.[3]
| Name | Years | Language of Compositions | Mudra | Known for |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Syama Sastri | 1762–1827 | Telugu and Sanskrit | Śyāma Krishna | Complex Talas, Swarajati |
| Tyagaraja | 1767–1847 | Telugu and Sanskrit | Tyagaraja | Pancharatna Kritis |
| Muthuswami Dikshitar | 1775–1835 | Sanskrit; Some in Manipravalam | Guruguha | Nottuswara, Navagraha Kritis |
Compositions
Muthuswami Dikshitar mainly composed mainly in Sanskrit and some in Manipravalam, while Tyagaraja and Syama Sastri mainly composed in Telugu and Sanskrit.[1]
Ragas and talas
The Trinity of Carnatic music composed new ragas and talas, and had a remarkable ability to introduce innovations within the same raga.[1]
Compositions of Syama Sastri in 'apoorva' ragas like Chinthamani, and Kalagada evidence his originality and genius in discovering new forms in Carnatic music.[1] The creative ability of Syama Sastri is possibly best exampled in his concert-contest against Kesavvaya, a great Carnatic musician from Bobbili.[1] During this contest which took place at the court of the king of Thanjavur, although Kesavayya sang a rare raga followed by a tana in different jathis and gathis, Syama Sastri reproduced similar tana varieties, and to the delight of the audience, went further to introduce other varieties which were not known to Kesavvaya.[1]
See also
- List of Carnatic composers
- List of composers who created ragas
- List of Carnatic instrumentalists
- The Tamil Trinity
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g Panikkar (2002), p44
- ^ http://travel.sulekha.com/thiruvarur-a-land-of-culture-and-carnatic-music_travelogue_600372 [dead link]
- ^ India Today. Vol. 34. Thomson Living Media India Limited. 2009. p. 16.
D.K. Pattammal 90, who along with M.S. Subbulakshmi and M.L. Vasanthakumar formed the female trinity' of Carnatic
References
- Panikkar, K N (2002). Culture, Ideology, Hegemony: Intellectuals and Social Consciousness in Colonial India. London: Anthem Press – Wimbledon Publishing Company.