In number theory, a number field F is called totally real if for each embedding of F into the complex numbers the image lies inside the real numbers. Equivalent conditions are that F is generated over Q by one root of an integer polynomial P, all of the roots of P being real; or that the tensor product algebra of F with the real field, over Q, is isomorphic to a tensor power of R.

For example, quadratic fields F of degree 2 over Q are either real (and then totally real), or complex, depending on whether the square root of a positive or negative number is adjoined to Q. In the case of cubic fields, a cubic integer polynomial P irreducible over Q will have at least one real root. If it has one real and two complex roots the corresponding cubic extension of Q defined by adjoining the real root will not be totally real, although it is a field of real numbers.

The totally real number fields play a significant special role in algebraic number theory. An abelian extension of Q is either totally real, or contains a totally real subfield over which it has degree two.

Any number field that is Galois over the rationals must be either totally real or totally imaginary.

• Totally imaginary number field
• CM-field, a totally imaginary quadratic extension of a totally real field

• Hida, Haruzo (1993), Elementary theory of L-functions and Eisenstein series, London Mathematical Society Student Texts, vol. 26, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-43569-7