Tomášek (feminine Tomášková) is a common Czech surname, meaning "little Thomas". Notable people include:

• Bohumil Tomášek, Czech basketball player
• David Tomášek (born 1996), Czech professional ice hockey player
• František Tomášek (1899–1992), archbishop of Prague, cardinal
• Josef Tomášek (1904–1979), Czech water polo player
• Juraj Tomášek (born 1988), Slovak football midfielder
• Martin Tomášek, Czech ice hockey player
• Rudolf Tomášek (born 1937), Czech athlete
• Václav Tomášek (1774–1850), Czech composer

Notable people with the Germanized version of the surname Tomaschek include:

• Róbert Tomaschek (born 1972), Slovak footballer
• Rudolf Tomaschek (1895–1966), a German experimental physicist
• Wilhelm Tomaschek (1841–1901), a Czech-Austrian geographer and orientalist