Langbahn Team – Weltmeisterschaft

Timeline of Anatolian history

See History of Turkey. See also the Hittites, Sultanate of Rum, Ottoman Empire and Republic of Turkey.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.
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History of Turkey
Turkey in Asia Minor and Transcaucasia, 1921
Prehistory
Palaeolithic Anatolia c. 500,000– 
10,000 BC
Mesolithic Anatolia c. 11,000– 
9,000 BC
Neolithic Anatolia c. 8,000– 
5,500 BC
Bronze Age
Troy 3000–700 BC
Hattians 2500–2000 BC
Akkadian Empire 2400–2150 BC
Luwians 2300–1400 BC
Assyria 1950–1750 BC
Kussara 1780–1680 BC
Achaeans (Homer) 1700–1300 BC
Kizzuwatna 1650–1450 BC
Hittites 1680–1220 BC
Arzawa 1500–1320 BC
Mitanni 1500–1300 BC
Hayasa-Azzi 1500–1290 BC
Lycia 1450–350 BC
Assuwa 1300–1250 BC
Diauehi 1200–800 BC
Neo-Hittites 1200–800 BC
Phrygia 1200–700 BC
Caria 1150–547 BC
Tuwanuwa 1000–700 BC
Ionia 1000–545 BC
Urartu 859–595/585 BC
Iron Age
Diauehi 1200–800 BC
Neo-Hittites 1200–800 BC
Phrygia 1200–700 BC
Caria 1150–547 BC
Doris 1100–560 BC
Aeolis 1000–560 BC
Tuwanuwa 1000–700 BC
Ionia 1000–545 BC
Urartu 859–595/585 BC
Median Empire 678–549 BC
Lydia 685–547 BC
Classical Age
Achaemenid Empire 559–331 BC
Kingdom of Alexander the Great 334–301 BC
Kingdom of Cappadocia 322–130 BC
Antigonids 306–168 BC
Seleucid Empire 305–64 BC
Ptolemaic Kingdom 305–30 BC
Kingdom of Pontus 302–64 BC
Bithynia 297–74 BC
Attalid kingdom 282–129 BC
Galatia 281–64 BC
Parthian Empire 247 BC–224 AD
Armenian Empire 190 BC–428 AD
Roman Republic 133–27 BC
Commagene 163 BC–72 AD
Ancient Rome 133 BC-27 BC–330 AD
Sasanian Empire 224–651 AD (briefly in Anatolia)
Medieval Age
Eastern Roman Empire (330–1453; 1204-1261 in exile as Empire of Nicaea)
Rashidun Caliphate (637–656)
Great Seljuk State (1037–1194)
Danishmends (1071–1178)
Sultanate of Rum (1077–1307)
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (1078–1375)
Anatolian beyliks (1081–1423)
County of Edessa (1098–1150)
Artuqids (1101–1409)
Empire of Trebizond (1204–1461)
Latin Empire (1204–1261)
Karamanids (1250–1487)
Ilkhanate (1256–1335)
Kara Koyunlu (1375–1468)
Ak Koyunlu (1378–1501)
Ottoman Era
Rise (1299–1453)
Classical Age (1453–1566)
Transformation (1566–1703)
Old Regime (1703–1789)
Decline and modernization (1789–1908)
Defeat and dissolution (1908–1922)
Republic of Turkey
War of Independence (1919–1922)
Provisional government (1920–1923)
One-party period (1923–1930)
(1930–1945)
Multi-party period (1945–present)
By topic
Timeline
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17th century BCE

Year Date Event
1600 BCE Hittite Empire established in the region of Anatolia with capital in Hattusa near present-day Boğazkale, Turkey.

14th century BCE

Year Date Event
1346 BCE Hittite empire reaches its height under the rule of Šuppiluliuma I.[1]

13th century BCE

Year Date Event
1274 BCE Battle of Kadesh between the Hittite Empire and the New Kingdom of Egypt.

12th century BCE

Year Date Event
1178 BCE Collapse of the Hittite Empire, splinters into several independent Syro-Hittite states.

5th century BCE

Year Date Event
499–493 BCE Ionian Revolt, military rebellion by the Greek regions of Anatolia against Persian Empire rule. Revolt is crushed.

4th century BCE

Year Date Event
334 BC Alexander III of Macedon crosses the Hellespont into Asia, making his landing in present-day Turkey.
334 BC May Alexander III of Macedon defeats the armies of the Achaemenid Empire in the Battle of the Granicus river (modern-day Biga Çayı).
333 BC 5 November Alexander III of Macedon defeats the armies of the Achaemenid Empire in the Battle of Issus.
323 BC 10/11 June Alexander III dies in Babylon, triggering a division of his empire including present-day Turkey, among his generals in a treaty known as the Partition of Triparadisus.

2nd century BCE

Year Date Event
133 BC The Roman invasion of Anatolia begins with the annexation of Attalid Pergamon by the Roman Republic. The entire region is later brought under Roman rule. For the next few centuries, under Roman rule, the region becomes prosperous, roads and infrastructure are built and improved and coastal communities flourish.[2]

4th century

Year Date Event
324 The Roman emperor Constantine I chooses Byzantium (later known as Constantinople and currently Istanbul) to be the new capital of the Roman Empire, renaming it New Rome.
324 Constantine I becomes the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity.
360 15 February The Hagia Sophia Church is first consecrated by the Arian Bishop Eudoxius of Antioch.

5th century

Year Date Event
476 The region becomes part of the Byzantine Empire with the collapse of the Roman Empire.[2]

7th century

Year Date Event
674–678 First Arab Siege of Constantinople by the Umayyad Caliphate, ends with Byzantine victory.

8th century

Year Date Event
717–718 Second Arab Siege of Constantinople by the Umayyad Caliphate, ends with Byzantine victory.

9th century

Year Date Event
863 Beginning of the Byzantine resurgence with emergence of Macedonian dynasty, most of lost territories are retaken from Arab invasions.

11th century

Year Date Event
1071 Alp Arslan of the Great Seljuq Empire defeats Romanos IV Diogenes of the Byzantine Empire at Malazgirt, near Muş, Historical Armenia Eastern Anatolia.
1077 Suleyman I of Rum is appointed as a governor in Seljuq. Then he moved on to Turkey. But he acts independently and founds a state. Capital İznik (Nicea), Bursa Province, Northwest Anatolia.
1081 Tzachas, an independent Turkish sea captain, founds a principality in Smyrna, giving the Seljuks access to Aegean Sea.
1084 Conquest of Antakya (Antioch), South Anatolia.
1086 Süleyman I of Rum tries to add Syria to his realm. But he commits suicide after being defeated by his cousin Tutush I in the Battle of Ain Salm, Syria.
1092 Kılıç Arslan I (1092–1107)
1096 Kılıç Arslan I defeats Walter Sans Avoir and Peter the Hermit of People's Crusade at the battles of Xerigordon and Civetot both in Northwest Anatolia.
1097 Bohemond of Taranto, Godfrey of Bouillon and Adhemar of Le Puy of First Crusade defeat Kılıç Arslan I in the battle of Dorylaeum (near modern Eskişehir, Central Anatolia). The capital İznik is lost to Crusades. A few years later Konya, becomes the new capital.
1100 Danishmend Gazi, an independent bey, defeats Bohemond I of Antioch in the battle of Melitene (Malatya)

12th century

Year Date Event
1100s 12th century renaissance in the Byzantine Empire, revival of art, architecture and economic activity.
1101 Kılıç Arslan I defeats Stephen of Blois and Hugh of Vermandois of the second wave of First Crusades at the Battle of Mersivan (near modern Merzifon, Amasya Province, Central Anatolia.)
1107 Kılıç Arslan conquers Musul, Iraq, but is defeated in the battle.
1110 Şahinşah (1107–1116) (also called Melikşah, not to be confused with the sultan of Great Seljuk Empire with the same name) Continuous struggle with the Crusades weakens the state.
1116 Mesut I (1116–1156) During the early years of his reign he has to accept the dominance of Danishmends a rival Turkish state in Anatolia.
1142 Mehmed of Danishmends dies and the Sultanate of Rum become the leading power of Anatolia for the second time.
1147 Mesut I defeats Holy Roman Emperor Conrad III of Second Crusade in the Second battle of Dorylaeum (near modern Eskişehir)
Mesud I defeats French king Louis VII of Second Crusade at Laodicea (near modern Denizli, West Anatolia).
1156 Kılıç Arslan II (1156–1192)
1176 Kılıç Arslan defeats Manuel I Komnenos of Byzantine Empire in the battle of Myriokephalon (probably near Çivril, Denizli Province, West Anatolia).
1178 Kılıç Arslan II annexes Danishmend realm. (Sivas, and the surrounding territory, Central Anatolia.)
1186 Kılıç Arslan II partitions the country into 11 provinces, each governed by one of his sons
1190 Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa of Third Crusade crosses West Anatolia. While main Turkish army avoids conflict, several irregular troops try to fight, but are repelled. Temporary German occupation of capital Konya.
1190 Frederick Barbarossa of Third Crusade dies near Silifke, Mersin Province in South Anatolia.
1192 Keyhüsrev I (1192–1196)
1194 After the collapse of Great Seljuk Empire, the Sultanate of Rum become the sole surviving branch of Seljuks.
1196 Suleyman II of Rum (1196–1204)

13th century

Year Date Event
1202 Süleyman II of Rum annexes Saltukid realm (Erzurum, and the surrounding territory, Eastern Anatolia.)
Georgian army defeats Süleyman II at the Battle of Micingerd
1204 Kılıç Arslan III (1204–1205)
1205 Keyhüsrev I (1205–1211) (second time)
1207 Conquest of Antalya, access to Mediterranean Sea
1211 Keykavus I (1211–1220)
1214 Conquest of Sinop, Black Sea coast
1220 Alaaddin Kayqubad I (1220–1237)
1221 Conquest of Alanya, Antalya Province, Mediterranean coast
1223 Construction of an arsenal in Alanya, a sign of Alaaddin Keykubat's interest in maritime trade
1224 Alladdin Keykubat annexes a part of Artuqid realm (Harput and surrounding territory, .)
1225 Kayi Obasi (Tribe)
1227 Sudak in Crimea is annexed. This is the most notable overseas campaign of Seljuqs.
1228 Mongol conquests in Iran result in a flux of refugees to Anatolia, one of the refuges is Mevlana
Alaaddin Keykubat I annexes Mengucek realm (Erzincan and the surrounding territory), Eastern Anatolia .
1230 Alaaddin Keykubat defeats Celaleddin Harzemşah of Harzemşah Empire in the Battle of Yassıçemen, near Erzincan
1237 Keyhüsrev II (1237–1246)
1238 Sadettin Köpek the vizier of the inexperienced sultan who has executed some members of Seljuk house and becomes the de facto ruler of the sultanate is killed.
1239 Revolt of Baba Ishak. A revolt of Turkmen (Oguz) and Harzem refugees who have recently arrived in Anatolia. The revolt is suppressed. But the sultanate loses power.
1240 Conquest of Diyarbakır in Southeast Anatolia.
1243 Bayju of Mongols defeats Keyhüsrev II in the battle of Kösedağ, Eastern Anatolia. From now on, the sultanate is a vassal of Ilkhanids.
1246 Keykavus II (1246–1262) Governs together with his two brothers. But the real ruler is vizier Pervâne who has married to late sultan's widow Gürcü Hatun.
1256 Mongols defeat Seljuk Turks at the Battle of Sultanhan, Aksaray Province, Central Anatolia.
1258 Mongols partition the country. Double sultanate
1262 Kılıç Arslan IV 1260–1266
1266 Keyhüsrev III 1266–1284
1277 Karamanoğlu Mehmet Bey, a semi independent bey, allies himself with the Mameluk sultan Baybars who invades a part of Anatolia.
Karamanoğlu Mehmed Bey conquers Konya and enthrones his puppet Jimri. But Ilkhanids intervene and reestablish Keyhüsrev's reign. (During his short stay in Konya Mehmed Bey declares Turkish as the official language in his realm).
1284 Mesut II 1284–1297
1289 Seljuk-Ilkhanid coalition defeats the tribes of Germiyanids
1297 Alaaddin Kekubat III 1297–1302
1299 Osman I, founder of the Ottoman Empire, begin the Ottoman history. (According to Halil İnalcık, expert on Ottoman history, Ottoman Empire was founded in 1302 not 1299.)[3]

14th century

Year Date Event
1302 Mesut II 1302–1307 (last sultan of Rum)
1371 27 September Battle of Maritsa. Most of Macedonia is conquered.
1389 15 June Battle of Kosovo. Most of Serbia is conquered.
1396 25 September Battle of Nicopolis. Bulgaria is conquered.

15th century

Year Date Event
1444 10 November Battle of Varna. Ottoman victory, end of Crusade of Varna.
1453 Mehmed II (the Conqueror) captures Constantinople, Christian emperor Constantine XI dies in the fighting and the Byzantine Empire yields to the Ottoman Empire as Mehmed II.
1460 Mehmed II conquers Morea.
1461 Mehmed II conquers Trabzon thus ends Empire of Trebizond.
1462 Mehmed II begins to build his palace, Topkapi Palace (Topkapı Sarayi).
1463 Bosnia is conquered.
1473 Battle of Otlukbeli; Mehmed II defeats Uzun Hasan of Akkoyunlu Turkmens.
1475 Gedik Ahmet Pasha captures Caffa. Crimea becomes vassal of the Ottoman Empire.
1478 Albania is conquered.
1480 Gedik Ahmet Pasha captures Otranto, the southeast corner of Italy, as a base for further attacks on Italy (only to evacuate after the death of Mehmet II).
1481 3 May Mehmed II dies. Bayezid II ascended to the throne.
1482 Herzegovina is conquered.
1498 Montenegro is conquered.

16th century

Year Date Event
1514 Battle of Chaldiran; Selim I defeats Ismail I of Safavid Persia; Kurdistan under control of Ottoman Empire.
1516 Battle of Marj Dabiq; Selim I defeats Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri of Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt. Syria and Palestine under Ottoman rule.
1517 Battle of Ridaniya; Selim I defeats Tuman bay II of Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt. Egypt under Ottoman rule; Selim I takes the title caliph.
1519 Algeria is conquered.
1520 The reign of Suleiman the Magnificent (Suleiman I) begins.
1521 Suleiman I captures Belgrade.
1522 Suleiman I captures Rhodes.
1526 Battle of Mohács. Suleiman I defeats Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia
1529 Siege of Vienna.
1533 Iraq under Turkish control.
1538 Sea Batte of Preveza. Turkish navy controls most of Mediterranean Sea.
1550 Sultanate of Women
1551 Libya is conquered.
1541 Suleiman I captures Budapest (known as Buda), which eventually leads to conquest of most of Hungary.
1547 Most of Hungary under Turkish control. Hungary is divided, by agreement[citation needed] between the Ottoman sultan Suleiman I and Ferdinand I of Austria.
1566 The reign of Suleiman the Magnificent (Suleiman I) ends.
1569 The great fire of Istanbul broke out.
1570 Conquest of Cyprus by Piyale Pasha
1571 The Spanish and the Venetians defeat the Turks at the Battle of Lepanto.
1574 Tunisia is conquered.
1578 Tbilisi and most of Georgia conquered.
1590 Treaty of İstanbul between Ottoman Empire and Safavid Persia; Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia as well as west Iran under Ottoman rule.

17th century

Year Date Event
1610 Kuyucu Murat Pasha suppresses Jelali revolts. Turkmens suffer heavily.
1612 Treaty of Nasuh Pasha between Ottoman Empire and Safavid Persia. Ottoman Empire gives up some gains of Treaty of Istanbul of 1590.
1615 Treaty of Serav ratifies Treaty of Nasuh Pasha
1683 12 September Battle of Vienna. Ottoman defeat.
1686 Hungary evacuated.
1687 Mehmed IV is deposed.
1699 Ottomans cede Hungary to Austria in the Treaty of Karlowitz.

18th century

Year Date Event
1718 Treaty of Passarowitz signed.
Beginning of Tulip era (up to 1730)
1729 First printing press in Turkish by Ibrahim Muteferrika
1730 Revolt of Patrona Halil. End of Tulip era. Ahmet III is dethroned.
1739 Treaty of Belgrade signed.
1774 Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca signed.
1795 First newspaper in Ottoman Empire (Bulletin de Nouvelles.)

19th century

Year Date Event
1807 May Kabakçı Mustafa rebellion: Reformist sultan Selim III dethroned. New sultan is Mustafa IV
1808 21 July Alemdar Mustafa Pasha suppresses the rebellion. But Selim III is dead and Mahmut II becomes the new sultan.
1813 23 April Second Serbian Uprising: The Serbs revolt.
1821 Greek War of Independence: The Greek War of Independence begins.
1826 15 June Auspicious Incident. Massacre of the Janissary corps by Sultan Mahmud II: Foundation of a modern western style army.
1830 Algeria is gradually ceded to French rule.
1832 21 July Greek War of Independence: Greek sovereignty is formalized.
1831 Egyptian–Ottoman War. (to 1833)
1853 4 October Crimean War: The Crimean War with Russia began which, though won with British, French and Sardinian aid, would further demonstrate how backward the Ottoman military had become.
1860 21 October First newspaper in Turkish published by Agah Efendi.(Tercümen'ı Ahval).
1862 5 February A united Romanian autonomous state is established.
1876 23 December Opened the 1876–1877 Constantinople Conference.
1877 24 April Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878): Another war with Russia begins.
1878 3 March Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878): The Treaty of San Stefano recognizes Romanian and Serbian independence, as well as the establishment of an autonomous Bulgarian principality under nominal Ottoman protection. Austria-Hungary occupies Bosnia by default.
4 June Cyprus is occupied by Britain.
1881 Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was born. Tunisia becomes a French colony.
1882 Egypt goes under British protection.
1885 6 September The province of Eastern Rumelia is transferred to Bulgarian jurisdiction.
1894 Hamidian massacres, where the Ottoman Empire under Sultan Abdul Hamid II kills between 200,000 and 400,000 Armenians in order to reassert Pan-Islamism as a state ideology.

20th century

Year Date Event
1908 3 July Second Constitutional Era (Young Turk revolution)
5 October Bulgaria obtains full independence.
7 October Austria-Hungary annexes Bosnia by mere declaration.
1912 The Ottomans are defeated by Italy in a short war, with the Italians gaining Libya and ending the 340-year Ottoman presence in North Africa.
28 November First Balkan War: Albania declares independence
1913 17 May First Balkan War: The Ottoman Empire is nearly wiped out from Europe, save for Istanbul and just enough land around to defend it.
1913 Greek genocide by the Ottoman Empire, lasts till about 1922. Approximately 750,000 Ottoman Greek Christians believed to have been killed.
1914 Assyrian genocide (Seyfo or Sayfo) by the Ottoman Empire, lasts till about 1924. Approximately 250,000 Assyrian Christians believed to have been killed.
1914 2 August The Ottoman Empire enters into World War I on the side of the Central Powers. Cyprus is annexed outright by Britain.
1915 18 March The Gallipoli Campaign was considered one of the greatest victories of the Turks at World War 1 and was reflected on as a major failure by the Allies.
24 April The Ottoman Empire initiates Genocide of Christian Armenians, over 1 million Armenians are killed.
1915 Persecution of nearly 4.000.000 Turks from Balkans started. Most of them were suffered and killed.[4][5]
1923 29 October The Republic of Turkey was proclaimed.
Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) was unanimously elected the first President of the Republic of Turkey by secret vote.
30 October The first cabinet of the Republic of Turkey was formed by İsmet İnönü.
1924 A new policy was instituted that imams be appointed by the government.
3 March The Ottoman Caliphate was abolished by the Turkish Grand National Assembly.
The Union of Education (Tevhid-i Tedrisat) Law was passed.
The Ministry of Religious Affairs and all religious schools were abolished.
6 March Second cabinet, again by İsmet İnönü
8 April Religious courts were abolished and replaced with civil courts.
20 April A new Turkish constitution was accepted.
26 August Türkiye İş Bankası was established.
30 October The generals who were also in parliament were asked to choose either military profession or politics but not both. (This event is known as the crisies of generals.) Only Prime Minister İsmet İnönü retains his title as General and remains in politics as Prime Minister.
17 November The second political party in Turkey, the Progressive Republican Party, was formed.
22 November Third cabinet by Fethi Okyar.
1925 11 February The Sheikh Said rebellion started in the eastern provinces.
25 February A law separating religion from politics was accepted and passed in the TBMM.
4 March Fourth cabinet by İsmet İnönü
5 May An Armenian named Manok Manukyan was executed in Ankara for planning an assassination attempt on Mustafa Kemal.
3 June The Progressive Republican Party was closed and abolished for supposedly exploiting religion for political purposes. Republican Peoples Party of the governing elites remains as the only political organization in the country. According to "Takrir-i Sukun" law, all opposition newspapers are also banned and closed indefinitely and Turkish "Republic" becomes one of the first dictatorships in Europe.
29 June Sheikh Said and his 46 followers were sentenced to death in Diyarbakır.
27 August Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) came to Kastamonu to initiate the Hat Revolution.
1 September The first Turkish Medical Congress was assembled.
4 September Turkish women entered a beauty contest for the first time.
1 October Atatürk opened the Bursa textile factory.
5 November Ankara Law School (then the Ankara University Faculty of Law) was opened.
25 November "Hat Law" was issued, abolishing religious dress.
26 December A law was passed which abolished the lunar calendar in favor of the international calendar.
1926 17 February A Turkish civil code based on the Swiss Civil Code was accepted. The code granted expanded civil rights to women and prohibited polygamy.
1 March A Turkish criminal code was established based on the Italian Criminal Code.
17 March A law was passed to nationalize the iron industry.
24 March A law was passed to nationalize the petroleum industry.
1927 7 March The extraordinary Independence Tribunals were abolished.
15 October Mustafa Kemal Atatürk started his "Nutuk" speech.
The second nationwide congress of the Republican People's Party took place.
20 October The "Nutuk" speech ended.
28 October The first population census counted the population at approximately thirteen and a half million.
27 November Fifth cabinet by İsmet İnönü
25 December The first female Turkish lawyer, Süreyya Ağaoğlu, began her duty.
1928 10 April The article "The official religion of Turkey is Islam" was removed from the constitution.
19 May A law establishing an engineering school was accepted.
1 November A new Turkish alphabet based on the Latin script was accepted.
1929 3 April A new municipal law enabled women to enter municipal elections both as voters and as candidates.
29 April The first female Turkish judges were appointed.
13 May A trade law was accepted by the TBMM.
1 September Arabic and Persian courses were abolished replaced by Turkish-only language courses.
1930 11 June A law was accepted which established the Turkish Republic Central Bank.
12 August The Free Republican Party, the third party in the republic, was established.
27 September Sixth cabinet by İsmet İnönü
27 October Greek prime minister Venizelos visited Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in Ankara.
17 November After the Free Republican Party's cooption by radical religious groups, its leader Fethi Okyar decided to close.
30 December Mustafa Fehmi Kubilay, a second lieutenant in the Turkish army, was killed in a reactionary uprising.
1931 16 March The first female Turkish surgeon, Dr. Suat, received her specialty.
26 March The Measurements Law was accepted, abolishing the former Arabic length and weight measurement units and replacing them with the metric system (kilogram instead of okka, meter instead of endaze, etc.)
20 April Mustafa Kemal Atatürk historically declared the slogan "Peace at home, peace in the world!"
4 May Seventh cabinet by İsmet İnönü
25 July A new press law was accepted.
1932 18 July Turkey became a member of the League of Nations.
31 July Turkish woman Keriman Halis Ece was declared the World Beauty Queen at a contest in Belgium.
13 November Dr. Müfide Kazim became the first female Turkish government physician.
12 December Adile Ayda became the first female Turkish civil servant in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
1933 7 February The first Turkish-language mosque prayers began in Istanbul.
31 May The 480-year-old Darülfünun was abolished, to be converted into Istanbul University.
June Sümerbank and Halkbank were established.
26 October Turkish women were granted the right to vote and be elected to Village Councils.
18 November Istanbul University was opened.
1 December The first five-year development plan was accepted.
1934 21 June The Surname Law was accepted, abolishing the former titles of Bey, Effendi, Pasha, Sultan, and Hanım as of 26 November.
24 November Mustafa Kemal Pasha took the surname Atatürk.
The Hagia Sophia mosque was converted to the Ayasofya (Hagia Sophia) Museum.
5 December Turkish women were granted the right to vote and be elected in Turkish parliamentary elections. (Afterwards, in the first elections, 18 women were elected to the Turkish Grand National Assembly).
1935 1 March Eight cabinet by İsmet İnönü.
1936 29 May A law determining the size and ratios of the star and crescent in the Turkish flag was accepted.
8 June A labor law was accepted which represented the first step towards the Turkish Social Security System.
1937 27 January Hatay's independence was accepted by the League of Nations in its Geneva meeting.
9 June A law establishing a medical faculty in Ankara was accepted.
20 September Atatürk opened the first art gallery in his residence, the Dolmabahce Palace.
9 October Atatürk opened the Nazilli Printed Cloth Fabric Factory.
25 October Ninth cabinet by Celâl Bayar, former minister of Economy
Dersim Rebellion in 1937–1938 : The revolt had quashed by government.
1938 10 November The founder Mustafa Kemal Atatürk died. He was succeeded by İsmet İnönü, former prime minister and general. He declares himself "National Chief" (Millî Şef), similar to the titles of some other dictators in Europe at the time.
1939 World War II: World War II began. Turkey was to remain neutral for most of the war, until a declaration of war against Germany at its end.
7 July The Province of Hatay joined Turkey.
1950 14 May First Democratic Elections in Turkish Republic. General İsmet İnönü and his Republican People's Party, which had ruled the country since 1923, loses election to newly formed Democratic Party of Celâl Bayar and Adnan Menderes.
25 June Korean War: The Korean War began. Turkey was a part of the joint UN operation.
Müfide İlhan mayor of Mersin. First ever woman mayor in Turkey.
1952 Turkey became a NATO member country strategically important in countering Soviet influence.
1953 27 July Korean War: The war ended.
1954 Turkey began to host the United States Air Force at the Incirlik Air Base as a deterrent to the Soviet Union.
1955 6 September Istanbul Pogrom: The Istanbul Pogrom started the process of driving many Greeks and Christians from Turkey.
7 September Istanbul Pogrom: The pogrom drew to a close.
1960 27 May 38 officers of Army form a junta and organize the 1960 Turkish coup d'état. They claim the Islamists had gained influence in the government. After this clash over the "separation of religion and state/government" between İnönü's Republican People's Party and his opponents, democratically elected President Celâl Bayar and Prime Minister Adnan Menderes of Democratic Party, Prime Minister Adnan Menderes was held responsible by a kangaroo court selected by the junta and was executed with two of his ministers.
1965 14 October Military rule bowed out to civilian rule, and former Millî Şef (National Chief) İsmet İnönü again loses a democratic election, this time to the Justice Party of Mr. Süleyman Demirel.
1971 12 March Military officials forced an advisory committee on the government due to the increasing anarchical situation caused by the Right (fascist/capitalist) – Left (communist) clash and ineffective policies in maintaining order. Although the military were not in charge they had significant influence.
1974 Turkey invaded Cyprus in response to a Greek-backed coup on the island.
1980 12 September The 1980 coup d'état took place. Martial law was almost immediately established and a quarter of the military (about 475,000) were mobilised to settle the resistance to the coup.
1983 6 November After the establishment of a new 1982 Constitution, the military regime dissolved itself.
1991 After the ending of the 1991 Persian Gulf War, the Incirlik Air Base enforced the northern no-fly zones in Iraq.
1999 24 March Kosovo War: NATO interceded in the Balkans to end a civil war in the region. Turkey was part of the mission.
10 June Kosovo War: The war ended.

21st century

Year Date Event
2002 June
2003 February Turkey relinquished command of the ISAF.
2004 17 December The European Union (EU) agreed to begin negotiations on the eventual accession of Turkey.
2005 14 February Turkey assumed command of the ISAF in Afghanistan for a second time.
3 October The European Union (EU) started accession talks with Turkey. The talks did not start at the desired time due to disagreements.[6]
2011 24 March Turkey gave NATO the green light and allowed İzmir to become the command center of the operation to oust Muammar Gaddafi's regime in Libya.[7][8]
2012
2013 17 December A corruption scandal to topple the ruling AKP failed.[9]
2014 Turkey starts designing and manufacturing its own national tank Altay, helicopter Atak and drone Anka for the first time.
30 March Local elections held with the ruling AK Party displaying an overwhelming victory, especially in the motherland of Anatolia.
28 August Then Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan chosen as the first freely elected president of the nation.
2016 15 July Alleged attempted coup and subsequent crackdowns and purge.[10] Over 80,000 arrested or detained, 150,000 dismissed (nearing 10% of public employees).[11]
2017 1 January Istanbul nightclub shooting - At least 39 people were killed and 69 people[12] were wounded in the Reina nightclub in Beşiktaş Istanbul.[13][14]
2018 19 January The Turkish Armed Forces launched its ''Olive Branch'' land and air operation in north-western Syria, capturing large areas which was under Kurdish control.[15]
2018 18 April 2018 Turkish general election - President Recep Tayyip Erdogan announced that early elections will take place on 24 June.[16]
2018 12 June Presidents of Azerbaijan, Turkey, Georgia inaugurated Trans-Anatolian gas pipeline in the central city of Eskisehir, Turkey with the participation of Petro Poroshenko, and Aleksandar Vucic.[17][18]
2018 19 October The STAR refinery has been launched in Aliaga İzmir, Turkey.[19][20]
2019 9 October 2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria
2020 11 March Turkey has confirmed its first COVID-19 case, which was caused by the SARS-CoV-2. This was quickly followed by the rapid emergence of the COVID-19 outbreak in the country, which persists to this day.[21]

See also

Cities in Turkey

References

  1. ^ "Hittite people". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  2. ^ a b "Asia Minor". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  3. ^ Foundation of Ottoman State, Halil İnalcık http://www.inalcik.com/images/pdfs/39409006FOUNDATiONOFOTTOMANSTATE.pdf
  4. ^ McCarthy, Justin (1996). Death and Exile: The Ethnic Cleansing of Ottoman Muslims, 1821–1922. Darwin Press Incorporated. p. 1. ISBN 0-87850-094-4.
  5. ^ Adam, Jones (2010). "Incorporating a global-comparative perspective on the genocide of the last half-millenium has enabled important advances in the understanding of events central to the genocide studies field - such as the process of Ottoman imperial dissolution, reciprocal genocidal killing(during the "Unweaving" in the Balkans)...The human toll of this "Great Unweaving," from Greece's independence war in the early nineteenth century to the final Balkan wars of 1912-1913, was enormous. Hundreds of thousands of Ottoman Muslims were massacred in the secessionist drive..". Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction. pp. 65–152.
  6. ^ "NEGOTIATING FRAMEWORK: Principles governing the negotiations" (PDF).
  7. ^ Turkey's war in Libya Archived 17 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^ "NATO to police Libya no-fly zone". Al Jazeera. 24 March 2011.
  9. ^ Özgür Altuncu (23 December 2013). "Başbakan Erdoğan Pakistan'da havai fişeklerle karşılandı" [Prime Minister Erdogan was greeted in Pakistan with fireworks]. Hürriyet Daily News (in Turkish). Retrieved 7 November 2014.
  10. ^ "Civilian Actors in the Turkish Military Drama of July 2016" (PDF).
  11. ^ "Erdogan back in Ankara as thousands hit by Turkey purge". guardian.ng. Guardian Newspapers. Agence France-Presse. 20 July 2016. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
  12. ^ "Istanbul nightclub attacked during New Year's party". The Independent. 31 December 2016. Archived from the original on 7 May 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
  13. ^ "Tunisia's revolutionary youth disillusioned ahead of municipal elections". Arab News. 3 May 2018. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
  14. ^ "Survivors remember horror in trial of Daesh massacre in Istanbul". DailySabah. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
  15. ^ "Erdogan: Operation in Syria's Afrin has begun". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
  16. ^ CNBC (18 April 2018). "Turkey's Erdogan declares early elections on June 24". CNBC. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
  17. ^ "Reducing reliance on Russia, Turkey opens TANAP to carry Caspian gas to Europe". New Europe. 13 June 2018. Retrieved 19 August 2018.
  18. ^ (www.dw.com), Deutsche Welle. "Turkey opens TANAP pipeline that will bring Azerbaijani gas to Europe | DW | 12.06.2018". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 19 August 2018.
  19. ^ "Largest private sector investment STAR refinery set for grand opening next week". DailySabah. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
  20. ^ "STAR Refinery officially opens in western Turkey". Retrieved 7 November 2018.
  21. ^ "Sign in – InstaText". Retrieved 14 September 2021.

Bibliography

Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Turkish_history