Timeline of Marseille
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Marseille, France.
Prior to 17th century
| History of France |
|---|
 |
| Timeline |
| Topics |
 France portal ·  History portal |
- 600 BCE - Massalia founded by Phocaean Greeks (approximate date).[1][2]
- 49 BCE - Siege of Massilia.[1]
- 1st C. CE - Roman Catholic diocese of Marseille established.[3]
- ca.290 - Martyrdom of Victor of Marseilles an Egyptian Christian martyr.[2]
- 415 - Abbey of St. Victor founded (approximate date).
- 470 - Town taken by forces of Visigoth Euric.[4]
- 6th C. - Port in operation.
- 839 - Town "sacked by Saracens."[4]
- 1214
- Town becomes a republic.[4]
- Notre-Dame de la Garde built.
- 1252 - Town "taken by Charles of Anjou."[1]
- 1262 - Revolt against Angevins.
- 1348 - Bubonic plague outbreak.[5]
- 1365 - Abbey of St. Victor building constructed.[2]
- 1409 - Aix-Marseille University founded.
- 1423 - Sack of Marseille by the forces of Aragón, led by Alfonso V.[2]
- 1453 - Fortifications constructed.
- 1481 - Marseille united with Provence.
- 1486 - Marseille becomes part of France.[1]
- 1524 - Town besieged by forces of Francis I.[2]
- 1531 - Château d'If built.
- 1542 - Église Saint-Ferréol les Augustins (church) dedicated.
- 1593 - Hotel Dieu (hospital) founded.
- 1599 - Marseille Chamber of Commerce founded.[6]
17th-18th centuries
- 1619 - Église Saint-Cannat (church) dedicated.
- 1640 - Maison du Refuge established.[7]
- 1649 - Plague.[4]
- 1660 - Fort Saint-Jean built.
- 1672 - Café in business.[8]
- 1673 - Hôtel de Ville built.[9]
- 1685 - The Opéra de Marseille is inaugurated.[10]
- 1702 - Marseille Observatory built.[11]
- 1720-21 - Great Plague of Marseille.[4][2]
- 1726 - Academy of Science established.[12]
- 1749 - Almshouse built.
- 1770 - City directory published.[13]
- 1778
- Chateau Borely built.[2]
- Fossati fountain erected.[14]
- 1781 - Navette de Marseille created.
- 1787 - Grand-Théâtre opens.[14]
- 1789 - April: "Revolutionary commotions" occur.[4]
- 1790
- Marseille becomes part of the Bouches-du-Rhône souveraineté.[15]
- Jacobin Club founded.[16]
- 1793 - August: "Marseilles opposes the revolutionary government, and is reduced."[4]
- 1796 - Public library founded.[2]
19th century
1800s–1840s
- 1800 - Population: 96,413.[15]
- 1801
- Canton of Marseille-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 created.[15]
- Musée des beaux-arts de Marseille founded.[17]
- 1802 - Lycée Thiers (school) and Jardin botanique E.M. Heckel (garden)[18] established.
- 1803
- Santon Fair begins.
- Cabinet of Natural History founded.[11]
- 1808 - 26 February: Birth of Honoré Daumier.
- 1810 - Société de médecine de Marseille established.[19]
- 1811 - Obelisk erected in the Place Castellane.
- 1819 - Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Marseille founded.
- 1820 - Population: 101,217.[20]
- 1827
- Le Sémaphore newspaper begins publication.[21]
- Société de statistique de Marseille established.[19][1]
- 1836 - Population: 148,597.[20]
- 1837 - Porte d'Aix (arch) inaugurated.
- 1846 - Journal de Marseille newspaper begins publication.[21]
- 1848
- Paris–Marseille railway begins operating.
- Gare de Marseille-Saint-Charles opens.
- 1849 - Canal de Marseille opens (97 miles long).[2]
1850s-1890s
- 1851
- Messageries Maritimes shipping company in business.[22]
- Population: 195,258.[15]
- 1852 - Prison Chave built on Boulevard Chave.[14]
- 1853 - La Joliette dock constructed.[2]
- 1854 - Jardin zoologique de Marseille (zoo) opens.
- 1855 - Phare de Sainte Marie built.
- 1856
- Population: 233,817.[20]
- Cimetière Saint-Pierre established.
- 1857 - Alcazar (Marseille) theatre opens.
- 1858
- Marseille–Ventimiglia railway begins initial operation.
- Palais du Pharo built.
- 1860
- Exchange built.[23]
- Race track in business.
- 1862 - Marseille Courthouse built.[23]
- 1863 - Great Synagogue of Marseille built.[24]
- 1864
- Rue de la République (Marseille) opens.[25]
- Notre-Dame de la Garde rebuilt.[23]
- 1865 - Société Marseillaise de Crédit (bank)[26] and Priory of St. Madeleine[citation needed] founded.
- 1866 - Population: 300,131.[27]
- 1868 - Le Petit Marseillais newspaper begins publication.[21]
- 1869 - Palais Longchamp completed.[23][2]
- 1872 - Business school established.
- 1876
- Le Petit Provençal newspaper begins publication.[21]
- Horse-drawn tram begins operating.
- 1877 - Société de géographie de Marseille established.[19][2]
- 1878 - Saint-Lazare Convent consecrated.
- 1881
- 1883 - Marseille coat of arms design adopted.
- 1884 - Marseille cholera epidemic.
- 1885 - Soleil du Midi newspaper begins publication.[21]
- 1891 - École d'ingénieurs de Marseille (school) founded.
- 1892 - Funicular of the Notre-Dame de la Garde church begins operating.
- 1893
- Marseille Cathedral consecrated.[4][2]
- Institut Colonial de Marseille founded.
- 1894 - Monument des Mobiles erected.(fr)[23]
- 1897 - Excursionnistes Marseillais (hiking club) formed.[28]
- 1899
- Olympique de Marseille soccer team formed.
- 2500th anniversary of founding of Marseille.[23]
20th century
1900s-1940s
- 1901
- 1902 - "Strike of sailors."[4]
- 1903
- July: 1903 Tour de France cycling race passes through Marseille.
- September: Bubonic plague outbreak.[4]
- 1906
- Exposition coloniale de Marseille (1906) held.
- Population: 517,498.[2]
- 1909
- "Tigeress escapes; terrorises the town."[4]
- Société linnéenne de Provence founded.[19]
- 1911 - Population: 550,619.[29]
- 1913 - Fountain installed in the Place Castellane.
- 1916 - Musée Cantini founded.[17]
- 1917 - Le Petit Nice restaurant in business.[30]
- 1919 - 13 November: Grand Théâtre burns down.(fr)
- 1922
- Marseille Provence Airport opens.
- Colonial exhibition held.
- 1923 - Monument aux héros et victimes de la mer erected.[31]
- 1924 - Opera House built.
- 1926 - Musée Grobet-Labadié opens.
- 1927 - Monument aux morts de l'Armée d'Orient et des terres lointaines erected.[32]
- 1931 - Population: 800,881.[15]
- 1933 - Film Studios Pagnol established.[33]
- 1934 - October 9: King Alexander I of Yugoslavia and Louis Barthou assassinated by Bulgarian terrorist Velicko Kerin.[34]
- 1936 - Population: 914,232.[15]
- 1937 - Stade Vélodrome opens.
- 1938
- 21 September: Marseille train robbery.
- 28 October: Marseille fire (1938).
- 1939 - Baumettes Prison built.
- 1940 - Bombing by German and Italian forces.
- 1941 - Combat (French Resistance) active.[35]
- 1942 - November: German occupation begins.
- 1943 - Old Port area evacuated and demolished.[36]
- 1944
- Bombing by Allied forces.
- August: Battle of Marseille; German occupation ends.
- La Marseillaise newspaper in publication.
- Gaston Defferre becomes mayor.
- 1946
- Arrondissements of Marseille created.
- Jean Cristofol becomes mayor.
- Population: 636,264.[15]
- 1947
- November: Labor unrest.[37]
- Michel Carlini becomes mayor.
1950s-1990s
- 1952 - Cité radieuse housing complex built.[5]
- 1953
- Gaston Defferre becomes mayor again (remains in office until 1986).[5]
- La Tourette housing complex built.
- 1955 - Affaire du Combinatie vendetta killings of the criminal Marseille milieu occur.
- 1958 - Marseille twinned with Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire; Antwerp, Belgium; Copenhagen, Denmark; Genoa, Italy; Haifa, Israel; and Hamburg, Germany.[38]
- 1960s - La Castellane neighborhood built.
- 1961 - Marseille twinned with Kobe, Japan.[38]
- 1962
- A50 autoroute opens.[39]
- Or Thora Synagogue established.
- Population: 778,071.[15]
- 1965 - March: Marseille municipal election, 1965 held.
- 1967 - Marseille Old Port Tunnel opens.[39]
- 1968
- A7 autoroute opens.[39]
- Marseille twinned with Dakar, Senegal.[38]
- Population: 889,029.[15]
- 1970 - University of Provence established.[40]
- 1972
- A55 autoroute opens.[39]
- Ballet National de Marseille founded.
- Marseille twinned with Odesa, Ukraine.[38]
- 1973 - 14 December: Algerian consulate bombed.[41]
- 1975
- 1977
- Marseille Metro Line 1 begins operating.[39]
- CMA CGM shipping company established.
- 1979 - Marseille-Cassis Classique Internationale footrace begins.
- 1981 - Rodéo (riot).
- 1982
- PLM Law effected.
- Marseille becomes part of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region.
- 1983
- SNCF TGV Sud-Est train begins operating.[39]
- Marseille History Museum opens.[35]
- 1984
- Marseille Metro Line 2 begins operating.[39]
- Marseille twinned with Piraeus, Greece.[38]
- 1986
- March: Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur regional election, 1986 held.
- Robert Vigouroux becomes mayor.
- 1987
- Jardin de la Magalone becomes property of the city.
- Marseille twinned with Shanghai, China.[38]
- 1989 - Marseille Festival of Documentary Film begins.
- 1991 - La Commanderie opens.
- 1993 - Tunnel Prado-Carénage opens.[39]
- 1995
- June: Marseille municipal election, 1995 held.
- Jean-Claude Gaudin becomes mayor.[44]
- Centre de Recherche et de Documentation sur l'Océanie founded.
- Musée de la Faïence de Marseille opens.[45]
- 1997 - La Provence newspaper in publication.
- 1999 - Population: 795,518.[15]
21st century
2000s
- 2001
- Parc du 26e Centenaire inaugurated.
- Municipal Archives of Marseille moves to the former Tobacco factory of Marseille.[46]
- 2004 - Marseille twinned with Marrakech, Morocco.[38]
- 2006
- École centrale de Marseille created.
- Marseille twinned with Glasgow, UK.[38]
- 2007
- Marseille tramway begins operating.
- Labor strike.[5]
- Construction of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor begins in Cadarache, in vicinity of Marseille.
- 2008 - Population: 851,420.
- 2009 - Collège Ibn Khaldoun opens.
2010s
- 2010
- March: Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur regional election, 2010 held.
- Garbage strike occurs.
- 2011
- Population: 850,636.
- 2012 - Place des Capucines pedestrianized.
- 2013
- Museum of European and Mediterranean Civilisations opens.
- City designated a European Capital of Culture.[47]
- 2014 - March: Marseille municipal election, 2014 held.
- 2015
- 9 February: Shooting occurs in La Castellane.
- September: Drug ring trial begins.[48]
- December: 2015 Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur regional election held.[49]
- Marseille tramway Line 3 begins operating.
- Cantons 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 created per 2014 France cantonal redistricting.
- 2016 - Metropolis of Aix-Marseille-Provence established.
- 2017 - Stabbing occurs in Saint Charles train station.
- 2018 - Two buildings collapse in the center of Marseille eight people are killed.
See also
- History of Marseille
- Urban planning in Marseille
- List of mayors of Marseille
- List of mayors of Marseille sectors
- List of heritage sites in Marseille
- History of Provence region
- Timeline of Provence region
Other cities in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region:
- Timeline of Aix-en-Provence
- Timeline of Arles
- Timeline of Avignon
- Timeline of Nice
- Timeline of Toulon
References
- ^ a b c d Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 1157, OL 6112221M
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Britannica 1910.
- ^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: France". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Haydn 1910.
- ^ a b c d Gino Raymond (2008). Historical Dictionary of France. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6256-2.
- ^ United States Department of Commerce; Archibald J. Wolfe (1915). "List of Chambers". Commercial Organizations in France. USA: Government Printing Office.
- ^ Mireur 1882.
- ^ Teissier 1878.
- ^ Base Mérimée: Hôtel de ville, Ministère français de la Culture. (in French)
- ^ Beauvert, Thierry. Opera Houses of the World, New York: The Vendome Press, 1995. ISBN 0-86565-978-8
- ^ a b Edinburgh Encyclopaedia 1830.
- ^ Jim Parrott (ed.). "Chronology of Scholarly Societies". Scholarly Societies Project. Canada: University of Waterloo. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
- ^ A. V. Williams (1913). Development and Growth of City Directories. Cincinnati, USA.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b c Saurel 1877.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Marseille, EHESS (in French).
- ^ Michael Kennedy (Autumn 1972). "Some Journals of the Jacobin Club of Marseille, 1790-1794". French Historical Studies. 7.
- ^ a b "Culture: Les musées de Marseille". Marseille.fr. Ville de Marseille. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ^ "Garden Search: France". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ^ a b c d "Sociétés savantes de France" (in French). Paris: Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
- ^ a b c Martin 1867.
- ^ a b c d e A. de Chambure (1914). A travers la presse (in French). Paris: Fert, Albouy & cie.
- ^ Masson 1906.
- ^ a b c d e f Baedeker 1902.
- ^ Base Mérimée: Synagogue dite aussi le grand temple ou la grande synagogue, Ministère français de la Culture. (in French)
- ^ Detaille 1998.
- ^ "France". International Banking Directory. New York: Bankers Publishing Company. 1922. hdl:2027/hvd.hb1sji.
- ^ "France". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1869. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590337.
- ^ A.J. Mackintosh (1907). "Mountaineering Clubs, 1857-1907". Alpine Journal (177). UK. hdl:2027/njp.32101076197365.
- ^ "France: Area and Population: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440.
- ^ "Marseille". Michelin Restaurants (in French). Retrieved 30 December 2015.
Étoiles
- ^ Base Mérimée: Monument aux héros de la mer, Ministère français de la Culture. (in French)
- ^ Base Mérimée: Monument aux héros de l'armée d'Orient et des terres lointaines, Ministère français de la Culture. (in French)
- ^ "Histoire du cinéma à Marseille". Marseille.fr (in French). Ville de Marseille. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ^ "Marseille". Encyclopédie Larousse (in French). Éditions Larousse. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ^ a b Tour Diary 2013.
- ^ Crane 2005.
- ^ "November 10-23, 1947". Chronology of International Events and Documents. 3. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs. 1947. JSTOR 40545111.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Villes jumelées" (PDF). Marseille.fr (in French). Ville de Marseille. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h L'extension de Marseille 2013.
- ^ Walter Rüegg, ed. (2011). "Universities founded in Europe between 1945 and 1995". Universities Since 1945. History of the University in Europe. Vol. 4. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-49425-0.
- ^ Mahfoud Bennoune (January 1975). "Maghribin Workers in France". MERIP Reports (34). USA: Middle East Research and Information Project: 1–30. doi:10.2307/3011470. JSTOR 3011470.
- ^ France, Muslims in the EU: Cities Report, USA: Open Society Institute, 2007 (Marseille section)
- ^ Jocelyne Cesari (1994). Etre musulman en France: associations, militants et mosquées. Éditions Karthala. ISBN 978-2-86537-501-1.
- ^ "French mayors". City Mayors.com. London: City Mayors Foundation. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
- ^ "(Marseille)". Muséofile: Répertoire des musées français (in French). Ministre de la Culture et de la Communication. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ^ "Information of the Municipal Archives of Marseilles". International Council on Archives. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
- ^ "Marseille: European Capital of Culture 2013". Time Out Paris. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
- ^ "Marseille in spotlight once again as La Castellane drug trial begins", The Guardian, 16 September 2015
- ^ "Résultats élections: Marseille", Le Monde (in French), retrieved 11 April 2022
This article incorporates information from the French Wikipedia.
Bibliography
in English
- Published in the 19th century
- Heinrich August Ottokar Reichard (1816), "Marseille", An Itinerary of France and Belgium, London: Samuel Leigh
- "Marseilles", Cities and Principal Towns of the World, Cabinet Cyclopaedia, London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, & Green, 1830, OCLC 2665202
- "Marseilles", Edinburgh Encyclopaedia, vol. 13, Edinburgh: Blackwood, 1830
- R. T. Claridge (1839), "Marseilles", A Guide down the Danube, London: F. C. Westley
- "Marseilles", Hand-book for Travellers in France (3rd ed.), London: Murray, 1848
- Frederick Martin (1867), "Marseilles", Commercial Handbook of France, London: Longmans, Green, OCLC 4471325
- William Henry Overall, ed. (1870). "Marseilles". Dictionary of Chronology. London: William Tegg. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949.
- William Smith, ed. (1872) [1854]. "Massilia". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray. hdl:2027/hvd.ah5cur.
- George Henry Townsend; Frederick Martin (1877), "Marseilles", A Manual of Dates (5th ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co., hdl:2027/hvd.32044088047865
- John Ramsay McCulloch (1880), "Marseilles", in Hugh G. Reid (ed.), A Dictionary, Practical, Theoretical and Historical of Commerce and Commercial Navigation, London: Longmans, Green, and Co.
- C. B. Black (1890), "Marseilles", The Riviera (7th ed.), Edinburgh: Adam & Charles Black
- Published in the 20th century
- "Marseilles", Southern France, Karl Baedeker, 1902
- T. G. Bonney (1904), "Marseilles", The Mediterranean, its storied cities and venerable ruins, New York: J. Pott
- "Marseilles", Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. 8, New York, 1904, hdl:2027/mdp.49015002282243
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 766–768.
- Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Marseilles", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co., hdl:2027/loc.ark:/13960/t89g6g776
- Nathaniel Newnham Davis (1911), "Marseilles", The Gourmet's Guide to Europe (3rd ed.), London: Grant Richards
- Daniel C. Haskell, ed. (1922), "Provencal literature and language, including the local history of southern France", Bulletin of the New York Public Library, vol. 26, hdl:2027/mdp.39015035117657,
Local history: Marseilles
- United States. Army Service Forces. Information and education division (1944), "Marseille", Pocket Guide to the Cities of Southern France, USA: Government Printing Office, OCLC 6205223
- "Marseilles". Michelin Green Guide. Michelin. 1991. OL 8836622M.
- Gérard Detaille; Jean Arrouye (1998). Marseille, a century of pictures. Marseille: Editions Parenthèses. ISBN 978-2-86364-100-2.
- Daniel Lord Smail (2000). Imaginary Cartographies: Possession and Identity in Late Medieval Marseille. Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-3626-5.
- Published in the 21st century
- Sheila Crane (2005), "Mutable Fragments: Destructive Preservation and the Postwar Rebuilding of Marseille", Future Anterior: Journal of Historic Preservation, History, Theory, and Criticism, 2 (1): xiv–11, JSTOR 25834956
- Alain Motte (2005). "Marseilles-Aix". In Anton Kreukels; et al. (eds.). Metropolitan Governance and Spatial Planning: Comparative Case Studies of European City-Regions. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-49606-8.
- "Long Integrated, Marseille Is Spared", Washington Post, 16 November 2005
- Junko Thérèse Takeda (2011). Between Crown and Commerce: Marseille and the Early Modern Mediterranean. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-1-4214-0112-6.
- "Marseille's Melting Pot". National Geographic Magazine. USA. 2012. Archived from the original on February 19, 2012.
- Tour Diary (PDF), Musée d'Histoire de Marseille, 2013
- Simon Kitson (2014). Police and Politics in Marseille, 1936-1945. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-26523-3.
in French
- "Marseille". Almanach général des marchands, négocians, armateurs et fabricans (in French). Paris: L. Cellot. 1779. ISSN 1954-6521.
{{cite book}}:|journal=ignored (help) - Tableau historique et politique de Marseille (in French) (4th ed.). Marseille: Chardon. 1829.
- Augustin-Jules-Esprit Fabre [in French] (1829). Histoire de Marseille (in French).
- Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Champagnac [in French] (1839). "Marseille". Manuel des dates, en forme de dictionnaire. Perisse frères.
- Eusèbe Girault de Saint-Fargeau [in French] (1850). "Marseille". Guide pittoresque: portatif et complet, du voyageur en France (in French) (3rd ed.). Paris: Firmin Didot frères. p. 496. hdl:2027/uiug.30112081968700.
- Amédée Boudin (1852). Histoire de Marseille (in French).
- Indicateur marseillais (in French). 1853-1980 [3]
- Louis Paris, ed. (1864), "Marseille ... Documents pour servir a l'histoire de la Province", Le Cabinet historique (in French), vol. 10, Paris, hdl:2027/mdp.39015069853227
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Catalogue de la Bibliothèque communale de Marseille (in French). 1864-1869
- Alfred Saurel [in French] (1877). Dictionnaire des villes, villages & hameaux du département des Bouches-du-Rhône. Marseille: Marius Olive.
- Octave Teissier [in French] (1878). Histoire du commerce de Marseille pendant vingt ans (1855-1874) (in French). Librairie Guillaumin.
- Hippolyte Mireur (1882). La prostitution à Marseille; histoire, administration et police, hygiène (in French).
- Prosper Castanier (1896). Les origines historiques de Marseille et de la Provence. Vol. 2. Marpon & Flammarion.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - "Marseille". La Provence. À la France: sites et monuments (in French). Paris: Touring-Club de France. 1902. OCLC 457600236.
- Émile Camau (1905). Marseille au XXme siècle (in French).
- "Marseille". Provence. Guides Joanne (in French). 1906. hdl:2027/uc1.$b192331.
- Paul Masson (1906). Marseille et la colonisation française: essai d'histoire coloniale (in French). Barlatier.
- "Marseille". Dictionnaire Bouillet (in French) (34th ed.). 1914. hdl:2027/mdp.39015074817142.
- Raoul Busquet. Histoire de Marseille. Paris, Robert Laffont, 1978
- Édouard Baratier. Histoire de Marseille. Toulouse, 1990
- Emile Temime (ed.). Histoire des migrations à Marseille (in French). 1990–1991. 4 vols.
- "L'extension de Marseille depuis 1945" (in French). Marseille History Museum. 2013. (map)
External links
- Map of Marseille, 1993
- Map of Marseille, 1999
- Items related to Marseille, various dates (via Europeana).
- Items related to Marseille, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America).
