Teder is a surname of Estonian origin, meaning "black grouse", and may refer to:

• Hillar Teder (born 1962), Estonian businessman
• Indrek Teder (born 1957), Estonian lawyer and jurist
• Kristjan Teder (1901–1960), Estonian painter
• Tarmo Teder (born 1958), Estonian writer, poet and critic

• Tedder, surname