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It appears this article has been written by a conspiracy theorist. I was tempted to delete about 3/4 of the article, however for now will leave the factual tag. The article appears to be confusing Tikhonravov,’s VR-190 project that was a plan only that never flew, with the R-1A rocket tests that were carried out in 1949 that launched some atmosphere tests & the later tests involving dogs.  All this is detailed in |Siddiqi ‘s ‘Challenge to Apollo’, 63-68, 69-71 and 92-96. Ilenart626 (talk) 10:16, 1 July 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Just had a quick look at the Russian article at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Проект_ВР-190 and it has definitely been picked up by conspiracy theorists. The Russian article states: “

“Such secrecy, coupled with practically spent R-5A missiles and other materiel of the project, as well as statements by some sources from Western intelligence and analysts, gave rise to conspiracy theories that the project was not stopped by dog ​​flights and that in 1957-1959 with a frequency of more than , than once a year, were undertaken which ended in accidents and therefore unannounced manned suborbital flights of the so-called. to Gagarin 's missing cosmonauts (" lost cosmonauts ") Alexei Ledovskikh, Sergei Shiborin, Andrey Mitkov, "Lyudmila" and Maria Gromova”

Ilenart626 (talk) 10:46, 1 July 2022 (UTC)[reply]