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Tadeusz Reichstein

Tadeusz Reichstein
Born(1897-07-20)July 20, 1897
Włocławek, Congress Poland, Russian Empire
Died1 August 1996(1996-08-01) (aged 99)
Basel, Switzerland
NationalityPolish, Swiss
CitizenshipPoland, Switzerland
Known forcortisone
SpouseHenriette Louise Quarles van Ufford (m. 1927; 1 child)
AwardsMarcel Benoist Prize (1947)
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1950)
Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh (1951)
Centenary Prize (1952)
Copley Medal (1968)

Tadeusz Reichstein (20 July 1897 – 1 August 1996), also known as Tadeus Reichstein, was a Polish-Swiss chemist and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate (1950), which was awarded for his work on the isolation of cortisone.[1][2][3]

Early life

Reichstein was born into a Polish-Jewish family at Włocławek, Russian Empire. His parents were Gastawa (Brockmann) and Izydor Reichstein.[4] He spent his early childhood at Kiev, where his father was an engineer. Due to the violent pogroms occurring all over the Russian Empire in 1905, his father began to explore emigration options for the family. Tadeus began his education at boarding-school in Jena, Germany and arrived in Zürich, Switzerland two years later (1907) at the age of 10.[5]

Career

Reichstein studied under Hermann Staudinger during the latter's brief stint at the Technical University of Karlsruhe. It was here that he met Leopold Ruzicka, also a doctoral student.[6]

In 1933, working in Zürich, Switzerland, at the ETHZ chemical laboratories of Ruzicka, Reichstein succeeded, independently of Sir Norman Haworth and his collaborators in the United Kingdom, in synthesizing vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in what is now called the Reichstein process.[6] In 1937, he was appointed Associate Professor at ETHZ.[6]

In 1937, Reichstein moved to the University of Basel where he became Professor of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, and then, from 1946 until his retirement in 1967, of Organic Chemistry.[6]

Together with Edward Calvin Kendall and Philip Showalter Hench, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1950 for their work on hormones of the adrenal cortex which culminated in the isolation of cortisone.[7] In 1951, he and Kendall were jointly awarded the Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh.

In later years, Reichstein became interested in the phytochemistry and cytology of ferns, publishing at least 80 papers on these subjects in the last three decades of his life. He had a particular interest in the use of chromosome number and behavior in the interpretation of histories of hybridization and polyploidy, but also continued his earlier interest in the chemical constituents of the plants.

Retirement and death

Reichstein died at the age of 99 in Basel, Switzerland. The principal industrial process for the artificial synthesis of vitamin C still bears his name. Reichstein was the longest-lived Nobel laureate at the time of his death, but was surpassed in 2008 by Rita Levi-Montalcini.

The standard author abbreviation Reichst. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.[8]

See also

References

  1. ^ Rothschild, M. (1999). "Tadeus Reichstein. 20 July 1897 -- 1 August 1996: Elected For.Mem.R.S. 1952". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 45: 449–467. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1999.0030.
  2. ^ Sterkowicz, S. (1999). "On the hundredth birthday of the first scientist of Polish ancestry to receive the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine: Tadeusz Reichstein". Przeglad Lekarski. 56 (3): 245–246. PMID 10442018.
  3. ^ Wincewicz, A.; Sulkowska, M.; Sulkowski, S. (2007). "Tadeus Reichstein, co-winner of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine: On the occasion of the 110th anniversary of his birth in Poland". Hormones. 6 (4): 341–343. doi:10.14310/horm.2002.1111031. PMID 18055426.
  4. ^ "Tadeus Reichstein - his great great great nephew is Noah Reichstein. Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
  5. ^ Miriam Rothschild, "Tadeus Reichstein," Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 45 (1999), pp. 451-467.
  6. ^ a b c d Prelog, Vladimir; Jeger, Oskar (1980). "Leopold Ruzicka (13 September 1887 – 26 September 1976)". Biogr. Mem. Fellows R. Soc. 26: 411–501. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1980.0013.
  7. ^ "Tadeus Reichstein" (PDF). University of Basel. 2010. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
  8. ^ International Plant Names Index.  Reichst.
Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadeus_Reichstein