Spirama
| Spirama | |
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| Spirama sp., Sri Lanka | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Tribe: | Hypopyrini |
| Genus: | Spirama Guenée in Boisduval & Guenée, 1852[1] |
| Synonyms | |
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Spirama is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae first described by Achille Guenée in 1852.
Description
Antennae usually minutely fasciculate (bundled) in the male. The tibia is not hairy and mid-tibia spined. Palpi with second joint reaching vertex of head and third joint naked. Thorax and abdomen smoothly clothed with hair. Forewings with nearly rectangular apex. Hindwings with vein 5 from the lower angle of the cell, which is rather short.[2]
Defensive display
Some of the species, such as S. helicina, S. indenta, S. recessa, S. remota and S. sumbana, have a pattern on the wings that looks like the frontal view of the face of a snake with a slightly opened mouth. This pattern is more clearly discernible in females. It may intimidate potential predators and dissuade them from attacking.[3]
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Species
- Spirama biformis Hulstaert, 1924
- Spirama capitulifera Prout, 1919
- Spirama euphrages Prout, 1924
- Spirama euspira (Hubner, 1823)
- Spirama glaucescens Butler, 1893
- Spirama griseisigma Hampson, 1913
- Spirama helicina Hübner, [1831]
- Spirama inconspicua Herrich-Schäffer, [1854]
- Spirama indenta Hampson, 1891
- Spirama kalaoensis Swinhoe, 1904
- Spirama miniata Wallengren, 1856
- Spirama paecila (Guenée, 1852)
- Spirama recessa Walker, 1858
- Spirama remota Felder, 1861
- Spirama retorta Clerck, 1764
- Spirama sumbana Swinhoe, 1904
- Spirama triloba Guenée, 1852
- Spirama voluta Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874
Former species
- Spirama obscura Cramer, 1780 was moved to the genus Speiredonia in 2005.
- Spirama revolvens (Walker, 1858)
References
- ^ Yu, Dicky Sick Ki. "Spirama Guenee 1852". Home of Ichneumonoidea. Taxapad. Archived from the original on August 17, 2018. Retrieved January 22, 2019.
- ^ Hampson, G. F. (1894). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma: Moths Volume II. Taylor and Francis – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
- ^ John L. Capinera, Encyclopedia of Entomology, Volume 4, p. 1174
External links
- Pitkin, Brian & Jenkins, Paul. "Search results Family: Noctuidae". Butterflies and Moths of the World. Natural History Museum, London.
- Savela, Markku. "Spirama Guenée in Boisduval & Guenée, 1852". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved January 22, 2019.
- "ハグルマトモエ Spirama helicina (Hübner, [1831])". Digital Moths of Japan.