Orders of magnitude (temperature): Difference between revisions
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|10<sup>-15</sup>||1 fK||align=left|atomic waves [[quantum coherence|coherent]] over inches<br>atomic particles [[quantum decoherence|decoherent]] over inches |
|10<sup>-15</sup>||1 fK||align=left|atomic waves [[quantum coherence|coherent]] over inches<br>atomic particles [[quantum decoherence|decoherent]] over inches |
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|10<sup>-12</sup>||[[1 E-12 K|1 pK]]||align=left bgcolor="#E0E0E0"|100 |
|10<sup>-12</sup>||[[1 E-12 K|1 pK]]||align=left bgcolor="#E0E0E0"|100 pK, lowest temperature ever produced, during an experiment on nuclear magnetic ordering in the [[Helsinki University of Technology]]'s Low Temperature Lab<br>450 pK, lowest temperature [[Bose-Einstein condensate]] ever achieved in the laboratory, at [[MIT]] within [[sodium]] gas |
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|10<sup>-9</sup>||[[1 E-9 K|1 nK]]||align=left|50 nK, [[fermionic condensate|Fermi melting point]] of [[potassium]]-40<br>[[Bose-Einstein condensate|Bose melting point]] of [[Bose gas|bosonic atomic gasses]]<br>[[Doppler effect|Doppler]]-locked refrigerants in [[laser cooling]] and [[magneto-optical trap]]s |
|10<sup>-9</sup>||[[1 E-9 K|1 nK]]||align=left|50 nK, [[fermionic condensate|Fermi melting point]] of [[potassium]]-40<br>[[Bose-Einstein condensate|Bose melting point]] of [[Bose gas|bosonic atomic gasses]]<br>[[Doppler effect|Doppler]]-locked refrigerants in [[laser cooling]] and [[magneto-optical trap]]s |
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Revision as of 03:27, 21 September 2006
| Factor | Multiple | Item |
|---|---|---|
| 10-∞ | 0 K | absolute zero: free-bodies are still, no interaction within or without a thermodynamic system |
| 10-30 | 1 wK | particular speeds bound paths to exceed size and lifetime of the universe (see least-energy in orders of magnitude (energy)) |
| 10-18 | 1 aK | macroscopic teleportation of matter |
| 10-15 | 1 fK | atomic waves coherent over inches atomic particles decoherent over inches |
| 10-12 | 1 pK | 100 pK, lowest temperature ever produced, during an experiment on nuclear magnetic ordering in the Helsinki University of Technology's Low Temperature Lab 450 pK, lowest temperature Bose-Einstein condensate ever achieved in the laboratory, at MIT within sodium gas |
| 10-9 | 1 nK | 50 nK, Fermi melting point of potassium-40 Bose melting point of bosonic atomic gasses Doppler-locked refrigerants in laser cooling and magneto-optical traps |
| 10-6 | 1 μK | nuclear demagnetization |
| 10-3 | 1 mK | radio excitations 2.5 mK, Fermi melting point of helium-3 cinetic dilution sorting of isotopes adiabatic demagnetization of paramagnetic molecules 300 mK in evaporative cooling of helium-3 microwave excitations |
| 100 | 1 K | 1.5 K, melting point of overbound helium 2.19 K, lambda point of overbound superfluid helium 2.725 K, cosmic microwave background 4.22 K, boiling point of bound helium |
| 101 | 10 K | Fermi melting point of valence electrons for superconductivity 14 K, melting point of bound hydrogen 20 K, boiling point of bound hydrogen 63 K, melting point of bound nitrogen 68 K, mean temperature of Uranus 90 K, boiling point of bound oxygen everyday substances near liquid air's temperature with incipient Fermi-condensate populations result in spontaneose luminescence, loss or lack of hysteresis, inductive and capacitive electronic moments that readily adsorb or expel or float upon unlike substances: [1] |
| 102 | 100 K | infrared excitations 183.75 K (–89.4 °C), coldest surface air temperature recorded on Earth 273.15 K (0 °C), melting point of bound water about 293 K, room temperature 373.15 K (100 °C), boiling point of bound water |
| 103 | 1 kK | visible light excitations 1808 K, melting point of bound iron (lower for steel) 1900 K, Space Shuttle Orbiter hull temperature in 8km/s dive 4160 K, melting point of bound hafnium carbide 4700 K, triple point of overbound carbon 5100 K in cyanogen-dioxygen flame 5300 K in dicyanoacetylene (carbon subnitride)-dioxygen flame 5780 K on Sun ultraviolet excitations anionic sparks 10-15 kK in mononitrogen recombination 28 kK in record cationic lightning over Earth 37 kK in proton-electron reactions Fermi boiling point of valence electrons Xi excitations |
| 106 | 1 MK | Yamma excitations (Latin letter corrupted to "Gamma") 13.6 MK in Sun's core |
| 109 | 1 GK | 3 GK in electron-positron reactions 10 GK in supernova explosions |
| 1012 | 1 TK | 1 TK everywhere shortly after Big Bang 3-5 TK in proton-antiproton reactions Z0 electronuclear excitations 300–900 TK at proton-nickel collisions in the Tevatron's Main Injector |
| 1015 | 1 PK | .3–2.2 PK at proton-antiproton collisions in same |
| 1018 | 1 EK | 2–13 EK at heavy nuclear collisions in the Large Hadron Collider |
| 1021 | 1 ZK | heart of galactic clusters-mergers |
| 1024 | 1 YK | .5–7 YK at Oh-My-God particular collisions |
| 1027 | 1 XK | grand unified fieldly excitations |
| 1030 | 1 WK | 1.4×1032 K, Planck temperature of micro black holes |
| 1033 | 1033 K | all fieldly excitations Landau poles extradimensional gauge freedom |
See also
- ^ http://1911encyclopedia.org/Liquid_Gases "Liquid Gases". Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th edition: Classic Encyclopedia. (1911, 2006)