Jandaya parakeet: Difference between revisions
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The jandaya parakeet has a very loud, shrill call. |
The jandaya parakeet has a very loud, shrill call. |
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==Distribution and |
==Distribution and habitat== |
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It has an extremely large range in northeastern Brazil in the states of [[Piaui]], [[Maranhao]], [[Tocantins]] and [[Ceara]], and portions of [[Pará]]. It is found in lowland [[Temperate deciduous forest|deciduous woodland]] and palm groves. |
It has an extremely large range in northeastern Brazil in the states of [[Piaui]], [[Maranhao]], [[Tocantins]] and [[Ceara]], and portions of [[Pará]]. It is found in lowland [[Temperate deciduous forest|deciduous woodland]] and palm groves. |
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==Behavior and |
==Behavior and diet== |
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[[File:AConureNamedKiwi.jpg|alt=A Jenday Conure in a hoodie/jacket designed for birds|thumb|A Jenday Conure in a hoodie/jacket designed for birds]] |
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The Jenday is a playful cuddler and a superb family pet, able to bond with everyone in the house. This is a trusting bird, intelligent enough to learn simple tricks, and it can learn to talk, though it isn’t known as a highly proficient talker. The best attribute this bird has is its intense affection for its owners. This is a bird that is content to ride around on a shoulder all day, cuddled up to its owner’s neck. Fortunately, handfed Jendays are not known to become nippy and can maintain a strong bond with an owner during their 30-year lifespan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lafeber.com/pet-birds/species/jenday-conure/|title=Jenday Conure|last=|first=|date=|website=lafeber.com|publisher=Lafeber Company|access-date=}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | In the wild it has a predilection for various fruits including [[mango]] and [[cashew]] apples as well as [[Arecaceae|palm nuts]], and an unfortunate attraction to plants cultivated by humans ([[rice]], [[maize]], members of the family [[Annonaceae]], etc.). Things that are toxic to jandaya parakeets include chocolate, caffeine and a chemical often found in avocados.<ref>https://lafeber.com/pet-birds/foods-toxic-pet-birds/</ref> |
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| ⚫ | In the wild it has a predilection for various fruits including [[mango]] and [[cashew]] apples as well as [[Arecaceae|palm nuts]], and an unfortunate attraction to plants cultivated by humans ([[rice]], [[maize]], members of the family [[Annonaceae]], etc.). |
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“Great birds, intelligent, rowdy, loud.” – ''Liz Wilson, CVT, CPBC''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.birdchannel.com/bird-species/profiles/jenday-conure-2.aspx|title=Jenday Conure Birds|website=www.birdchannel.com|access-date=2016-06-24}}</ref> |
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]] |
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Jandaya parakeets nest in tree hollows, typically choosing a location at least 15 m (50 feet) from the ground.<ref name="wpt">{{cite web|url=http://www.parrots.org/index.php/encyclopedia/wildstatus/jandaya_conure/|title=Jenday Conure (Aratinga jandaya) – Wild Parrot Status|publisher=World Parrot Trust|accessdate=2009-03-21}}</ref> In captivity, the hen lays 3–6 eggs, which she will then incubate for approximately 26 days. The young are fed by both parents and fledge after two months.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://animal-world.com/encyclo/birds/conures/jenday.php|title=Jenday Conure, Janday Conure, Jandaya Conure, Yellow-headed Conure, Aratinga jenday|publisher=animal-world.com|accessdate=2009-03-21}}</ref> |
Jandaya parakeets nest in tree hollows, typically choosing a location at least 15 m (50 feet) from the ground.<ref name="wpt">{{cite web|url=http://www.parrots.org/index.php/encyclopedia/wildstatus/jandaya_conure/|title=Jenday Conure (Aratinga jandaya) – Wild Parrot Status|publisher=World Parrot Trust|accessdate=2009-03-21}}</ref> In captivity, the hen lays 3–6 eggs, which she will then incubate for approximately 26 days. The young are fed by both parents and fledge after two months.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://animal-world.com/encyclo/birds/conures/jenday.php|title=Jenday Conure, Janday Conure, Jandaya Conure, Yellow-headed Conure, Aratinga jenday|publisher=animal-world.com|accessdate=2009-03-21}}</ref> |
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[[Image:Aratinga jandaya and solstitialis.jpg|thumb|right|Two jenday conures (center) and one [[sun conure]] (right) at [[Kobe Kachoen]], Japan]] |
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In captivity, their diet should consist of a variety of seeds, fresh fruits, and small nuts. |
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Things that are toxic to jandaya parakeets include: |
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* Chocolate – Chocolate is a wonderful treat to share with human family members, but it can be harmful or fatal to your pet bird. Chocolate poisoning first affects a bird's digestive system, causing vomiting and diarrhea. As the condition progresses, the bird's central nervous system is affected, first causing seizures and eventually death. |
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* Caffeine – Caffinated beverages such as soda, coffee, and tea are popular among people - but allowing your bird to indulge in these drinks can be extremely hazardous. Caffeine causes cardiac malfunction in birds, and is associated with increased heartbeat, arrhythmia, hyperactivity, and cardiac arrest. Share a healthy drink of pure fruit or vegetable juice or a fresh smoothie with your bird instead - this will satisfy both your bird's tastebuds and nutritional requirements. So keep the coffee out of the reach of those beaks. |
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* Avocados – The skin and pit of this popular fruit had been known to cause cardiac distress and eventual heart failure in pet bird species. Although there is some debate to the degree of toxicity of avocados, it is generally advised to adopt a "better safe than sorry" attitude toward them and keep guacamole and other avocado products as far away from pet birds as possible. |
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* Salt – While all living beings need regulated amounts of sodium in their systems, too much salt can lead to a host of health problems in birds, including excessive thirst, dehydration, kidney dysfunction, and death. Be sure to keep watch over the amount of salty foods your bird consumes. |
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* Onions – While the use of limited amounts of onion or garlic powders as flavorings is generally regarded as acceptable, excessive consumption of onions causes vomiting, diarrhea, and a host of other digestive problems. It has been found that prolonged exposure can lead to a blood condition called hemolytic anemia, which is followed by respiratory distress and eventual death. |
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* Dried Beans – Cooked beans are a favorite treat of many birds, but raw, dry bean mixes can be extremely harmful to your pet. Uncooked beans contain a poison called hemagglutinin which is very toxic to birds. To avoid exposure, make sure to thoroughly cook any beans that you choose to share with your bird. |
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* Alcohol – Although responsible bird owners would never dream of offering their pet an alcoholic drink, there have been instances in which free roaming birds have attained alcohol poisoning through helping themselves to unattended cocktails. Alcohol depresses the organ systems of birds and can be fatal. Make sure that your bird stays safe by securing him in his cage whenever alcohol is served in your home. |
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* Apple Seeds – Believe it or not, apples - along with other members of the rose family including cherries, peaches, apricots, and pears - contain trace amounts of Cyanide within their seeds. While the fruit of the apple is fine for your bird, be aware that in addition to the poisonous seeds, there may be pesticides present on the fruit's skin. Be sure to thoroughly cleanse and core any apple pieces that you share with your bird to avoid exposure to these toxins. |
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* Mushrooms – Mushrooms are a type of fungus, and have been known to cause digestive upset in companion birds. Caps and stems of some varieties can induce liver failure. |
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* Tomato Leaves – Tomatoes, like potatoes and other nightshades, have a tasty fruit that is fine when used as a treat for your bird. The stems, vines, and leaves, however, are highly toxic to your pet. Make sure that any time you offer your bird a tomato treat it has been properly cleaned and sliced, with the green parts removed, so that your bird will avoid exposure to any toxins. Tomatoes aren't at the top of the list of foods to feed due to the acidic content.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://birds.about.com/od/feeding/tp/poisonousfoods.htm|title=Top 10 Common Foods That Are Toxic to Your Bird|access-date=2016-06-24}}</ref> |
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* High-Fat, High-Sodium, High-Sugar Foods – Although not technically toxic, table foods laden with high concentrations of fat, salt and sugar can cause serious health problems in birds. Instead of offering your bird a bit of pasta with sauce, let it enjoy a noodle before you add the sauce, salt or butter. |
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* Sugar-Free Candy – Sugar-free candy might offer a better alternative to regular sweets for people, but it often contains the sugar alternative, xylitol, which has been associated with severe hypoglycemia and liver damage in dogs. |
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Other foods that are '''not''' ''recommended'', but sometimes fed without consent include: |
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* Peanuts – Moldy peanuts and/or peanut products (as well as corn and other cereal grains) can be contaminated by a toxin-producing fungus. |
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* Certain Plants – Birds can eat green tomatoes, potatoes, peppers and eggplant; however these plants are all members of the nightshade family. This means that the fruits are safe to eat, but the plants themselves are toxic. By the same token, the leaves of the rhubarb plant contain oxalate crystals, which can cause kidney problems. |
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* Grit – Parrots do not need grit and some birds, such as parakeets (budgies) cockatiels and lovebirds, might overeat grit when not feeling well, which can potentially lead to intestinal blockage. Grit can help doves/pigeons and other species that consume seeds whole digest their food, but since parrots crack the seeds hulls before consuming them, they generally do not need this added supplement. |
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* Dairy – Although not technically toxic, studies show that birds cannot digest lactose, which is found in milk and other dairy products. As the amount of dairy in the diet increases, birds can develop diarrhea. Not all dairy products contain lactose and/or have very little lactose in them, such as some cheeses and yogurts — still these foods should be fed as an occasional treat and in small amounts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lafeber.com/pet-birds/foods-toxic-pet-birds/|title=Foods Toxic to Pet Birds|last=Pollock|first=Christal|date=date=11 September 2013|website=lafeber.com|access-date=date=28 February 1900}}</ref> |
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The species is listed as [[least concern]] by [[IUCN]]. It is listed on [[CITES Appendix II]]. It is protected under Brazil Wildlife Protection Act (1967), export and trade forbidden. The global population has not been quantified, but the bird was described as "rare" in two field surveys in 1996<ref>{{cite book|last=Stotz|first=D.F.|title=Neotropical birds: ecology and conservation.|year=1996|publisher=U. Chicago Press|location=Chicago|display-authors=etal}}</ref> and 2007,<ref>{{cite journal|last=de Faria|first=Iubatã Paula|title=Registros de aves globalmente ameaçadas, raras e endêmicas para a região de Vicente Pires, Distrito Federal, Brasil|journal=Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia|year=2007|volume=15|pages=117–122}}</ref> in parts of its former range. |
The species is listed as [[least concern]] by [[IUCN]]. It is listed on [[CITES Appendix II]]. It is protected under Brazil Wildlife Protection Act (1967), export and trade forbidden. The global population has not been quantified, but the bird was described as "rare" in two field surveys in 1996<ref>{{cite book|last=Stotz|first=D.F.|title=Neotropical birds: ecology and conservation.|year=1996|publisher=U. Chicago Press|location=Chicago|display-authors=etal}}</ref> and 2007,<ref>{{cite journal|last=de Faria|first=Iubatã Paula|title=Registros de aves globalmente ameaçadas, raras e endêmicas para a região de Vicente Pires, Distrito Federal, Brasil|journal=Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia|year=2007|volume=15|pages=117–122}}</ref> in parts of its former range. |
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The jandaya parakeet can live up to 30 years in captivity.<ref name="birdchannel.com">http://www.birdchannel.com/bird-species/profiles/jenday-conure-2.aspx</ref> Like many of the parakeet species commonly kept as [[companion parrot]]s, jandaya parakeets are known for their intelligence and can be trained to perform pet-like behaviors. These small parrots can often learn to mimic sounds including words and even phrases. |
The jandaya parakeet can live up to 30 years in captivity.<ref name="birdchannel.com">http://www.birdchannel.com/bird-species/profiles/jenday-conure-2.aspx</ref> Like many of the parakeet species commonly kept as [[companion parrot]]s, jandaya parakeets are known for their intelligence and can be trained to perform pet-like behaviors. These small parrots can often learn to mimic sounds including words and even phrases. |
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Jandaya parakeets are social and generally stay in flocks. They are very loud and call to each other frequently. |
Jandaya parakeets are social and generally stay in flocks. They are very loud and call to each other frequently.<ref name="birdchannel.com"/> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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Revision as of 04:15, 24 June 2016
| Jandaya parakeet | |
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| Scientific classification | |
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| Genus: | Ridgway, 1916 |
| Species: | A. jandaya |
| Binomial name | |
| Aratinga jandaya (Gmelin, 1788) | |
| Synonyms | |
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Psittacus jandaya | |
The jandaya parakeet or jenday conure (Aratinga jandaya) is a small Neotropical parrot with green wings and tail, reddish-orange body, yellow head and neck, orange cheeks and black bill native to wooded habitats in northeastern Brazil. It is a member of the Aratinga solstitialis complex of parakeets very closely related to, and possibly subspecies of sun parakeet.
The bird has a wide range but is locally rare in the wild; they are common in aviculture where they are known as "jenday conures".
Taxonomy
The first description of a bird called "jendaya" was by German naturalist, Georg Marcgraf, during his 1638 expedition through Dutch Brazil.[2] [Notes 1] It was first classified by German naturalist Johann Gmelin as Psittacus jandaya in his Systema Naturae, 1788, based on Psittacula brasiliensis lutea of Brisson,1760; "jandaya" of Ray,1676; and "yellow-headed parrot" of Latham, 1781. In 1916, American ornithologist Robert Ridgway reclassified the 21-22 species of neotropical parakeets in genus Conurus into four genera, placing jandaya into the genus Aratinga.
The specific name was derived from: Aratinga: "bright macaw" from Ará - Old Tupi, big noisy bird (macaw) + tinga - Old Tupi, bright. jandaya(originally jandaia): Old Tupi, small parrot (conure).[3]
Jandaya is a member of the Aratinga solstitialis complex of parakeets very closely related to, and possibly subspecies of, the sun parakeet in genus Aratinga of smaller parakeets, one of numerous genera of New World long-tailed parrots in tribe Arini, which also includes the Central and South American macaws. Tribe Arini together with the Amazonian parrots and a few miscellaneous genera make up subfamily Arinae of Neotropical parrots in family Psittacidae of true parrots.
Ornithologist Thomas Arndt lists this bird as a subspecies of golden-capped parakeet.[4]
The taxonomy of this and related species and genera has been problematical; more information may be found under Aratinga and Sun conure#Taxonomy.
Based on size, morphology and plumage, this species is believed to be a close living relative of the extinct Carolina parakeet, possibly the closest, though that has not been confirmed by molecular phylogenetics[5] which found the nanday parakeet to be the Carolina parakeet's closest living relative among the species tested. The plumage of this bird, is very close to that of the Carolina's and can be distinguished from the Carolina parakeet by having a yellow neck and shoulders, and a black beak instead of a buff-colored beak as the Carolina parakeet has.
An earlier molecular study found jandaya's closest relative to be the golden parakeet.[6]
Description
The jandaya parakeet is a small long-tailed parakeet with reddish orange body, green wings, vent and tail, yellow head, neck, and shoulders, orange cheeks, black bill, whitish periophthalmic ring and dark eyes. The ends of the tail feathers are tinged in blue. It measures 30 cm (12 in) in length and weighs 125-140gm
The jandaya parakeet has a very loud, shrill call.
Distribution and habitat
It has an extremely large range in northeastern Brazil in the states of Piaui, Maranhao, Tocantins and Ceara, and portions of Pará. It is found in lowland deciduous woodland and palm groves.
Behavior and diet
In the wild it has a predilection for various fruits including mango and cashew apples as well as palm nuts, and an unfortunate attraction to plants cultivated by humans (rice, maize, members of the family Annonaceae, etc.). Things that are toxic to jandaya parakeets include chocolate, caffeine and a chemical often found in avocados.[7]
Jandaya parakeets nest in tree hollows, typically choosing a location at least 15 m (50 feet) from the ground.[8] In captivity, the hen lays 3–6 eggs, which she will then incubate for approximately 26 days. The young are fed by both parents and fledge after two months.[9]
Conservation and threats
The species is listed as least concern by IUCN. It is listed on CITES Appendix II. It is protected under Brazil Wildlife Protection Act (1967), export and trade forbidden. The global population has not been quantified, but the bird was described as "rare" in two field surveys in 1996[10] and 2007,[11] in parts of its former range.
Aviculture
This bird is sometimes called rather colloquially, yellow-headed conure or flaming conure.
The jandaya parakeet can live up to 30 years in captivity.[12] Like many of the parakeet species commonly kept as companion parrots, jandaya parakeets are known for their intelligence and can be trained to perform pet-like behaviors. These small parrots can often learn to mimic sounds including words and even phrases.
Jandaya parakeets are social and generally stay in flocks. They are very loud and call to each other frequently.[12]
References
- ^ Template:IUCN
- ^ Piso, Willem (1648). Historia Naturalis Brasiliae. p. libri octo,9,p.206.
- ^ Jobling (2009). Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. Christopher Helm Publishers Ltd.
- ^ Arndt, Thomas (2000). Lexicon of Parrots. Arndt-Verlag.
- ^ Kirchman, Jeremy; Schirtzinger, Wright (April 2012). "Phylogenetic Relationships of the Extinct Carolina Parakeet from DNA Sequence Data". Intl J. Ornithology. 129 (2).
- ^ De Lucca, E.J.; Shirley, L.R.; Lanier, C. (1991). "Karyotype studies in twenty-two species of parrots". Review of Brazilian Genetics (14): 73–98.
- ^ https://lafeber.com/pet-birds/foods-toxic-pet-birds/
- ^ "Jenday Conure (Aratinga jandaya) – Wild Parrot Status". World Parrot Trust. Retrieved 21 March 2009.
- ^ "Jenday Conure, Janday Conure, Jandaya Conure, Yellow-headed Conure, Aratinga jenday". animal-world.com. Retrieved 21 March 2009.
- ^ Stotz, D.F.; et al. (1996). Neotropical birds: ecology and conservation. Chicago: U. Chicago Press.
- ^ de Faria, Iubatã Paula (2007). "Registros de aves globalmente ameaçadas, raras e endêmicas para a região de Vicente Pires, Distrito Federal, Brasil". Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia. 15: 117–122.
- ^ a b http://www.birdchannel.com/bird-species/profiles/jenday-conure-2.aspx
Notes
- ^ Quintus: Jendaya: funt magnitudine merulae aut minoris Turdelae; roftro & cruribus nigris, oculis nigricantibus, circulo aureo, exterius albo: dorsum, alae, & cauda, ut & anus, viridibus pennis vestiuntur quibus thalassinus mixtus: extremitas alarum quodammodo nigrefcit. Totum caput, collum & pectus flavi coloris funt, cui luteus intermixtus
External links
- "Jandaya parakeet - BirdLife Species Factsheet". BirdLife International (2008). Retrieved 3 January 2009.