Stuart period
1603–1714
Including	Jacobean era Caroline era English Civil War The Protectorate or Interregnum Restoration
Monarch(s)	James I of England Charles I Charles II James II Mary II William III Queen Anne
Chronology Elizabethan era Georgian era

The Stuart period of British history usually refers to the period between 1603 and 1714 and sometimes from 1371 in Scotland. This coincides with the rule of the House of Stuart, whose first monarch was James VI of Scotland. The period ended with the death of Queen Anne and the accession of George I from the House of Hanover. The Stuart period was plagued by internal and religious strife, and a large-scale civil war.

The English Civil War(s) took place during the reign of Charles I, the second Stuart monarch. The war ended in victory for the Parliamentarians. Charles was executed in 1649.

After this conflict, the line of Stuart monarchs was temporarily displaced by the Commonwealth of England. Their rule lasted from 1649 to 1660. Oliver Cromwell ruled directly from 1653 to 1658. After Cromwell's death the Commonwealth fell apart. The Convention Parliament welcomed Charles II, son of Charles I, to return from war and become king. This event was known as the English Restoration.

The Anglo-Dutch Wars were a series of three wars which took place between the English and the Dutch from 1652 to 1674. English defeats forced Charles II to sign for peace and led to Dutch domination of sea trading routes until 1713.^[1]

Historians have long regarded the overthrow of King James II in 1688 as a decisive break in English history, especially as it made Parliament supreme over the King. Pincus argues that this revolution was the first modern revolution; it was violent, popular, and divisive. He rejects older theories to the effect that it was an aristocratic coup or a Dutch invasion. Instead, Pincus argues it was a widely supported and decisive rejection of James II. The people could not tolerate James any longer. He was too close to the French throne; he was too Roman Catholic; they distrusted his absolutist modernisation of the state. What they got instead was the vision of William of Orange, shared by most leading Englishmen, that emphasized consent of all the elites, religious toleration of all Protestant sects, free debate in Parliament and aggressive promotion of commerce. Pincus sees a dramatic transformation that reshaped religion, political economy, foreign policy and even the nature of the English state.^[2][3]

1603-1625

Jacobean Era

1625-1642

Caroline Era

1642-1651

English Civil War

1651-1660

English Interregnum

1660

Restoration of Charles II

1688

Glorious revolution

James I of England : Family Tree

England King James I : 1533–1603 Scotland  16. John Stewart, 3rd Earl of Lennox 8. Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox 17. Elizabeth Stewart 4. Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley 18. Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus 9. Margaret Douglas 19. Margaret Tudor 2. James VI and I 20. James IV of Scotland 10. James V of Scotland 21. = 19. Margaret Tudor 5. Mary, Queen of Scots 22. Claude, Duke of Guise 11. Marie de Guise 23. Antoinette de Bourbon 1. Henry Frederick 24. Frederick I of Denmark 12. Christian III of Denmark 25. Anna of Brandenburg 6. Frederick II of Denmark 26. Magnus I, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg 13. Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg 27. Catherine of Brunswick-Lüneburg 3. Anne of Denmark 28. Albert VII, Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow 14. Ulrich III of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 29. Anna of Brandenburg 7. Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow 30. Frederick I of Denmark 15. Elizabeth of Denmark 31. Sophie of Pomerania James I was King of Scots as James VI from 1567 to 1625 King of England and Ireland as James I from 1603 to 1625. King of Scots as James VI in 1567 aged thirteen months succeeding his mother Mary, Queen of Scots. Anne of Denmark (1574–1619) was Queen Consort to King James VI and I. Anne of Denmark; Queen consort to James I

Stuart Kings and Queens (1603-1714)

James I

Charles I

Charles II

James II

Mary II

William III

Anne

Anne of Great Britain : Family Tree

England Queen Anne : 1665-1714 Scotland  16. Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley 8. James VI and I 17. Mary, Queen of Scots 4. Charles I of England 18. Frederick II of Denmark 9. Princess Anne of Denmark 19. Sofie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 2. James II of England 20. Antoine of Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme 10. Henry IV of France 21. Jeanne III of Navarre 5. Princess Henrietta Maria of France 22. Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany 11. Marie de' Medici 23. Archduchess Johanna of Austria 1. Anne of Great Britain 24. Lawrence Hyde 12. Henry Hyde 25. Anne Sibell 6. Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon 26. Edward Langford 13. Mary Langford 27. Mary Hyde 3. Anne Hyde 28. William Aylesbury 14. Thomas Aylesbury 29. Anne Poole 7. Frances Aylesbury 30. Francis Denman 15. Anne Denman 31. Anne Blount Anne was Queen regnant of England, Scotland and Ireland in 1702. When James II was deemed abdicated during the Glorious Revolution (1688-89). her sister and brother-in-law became joint monarchs William III and Mary II. After Mary's death in 1694, William was monarch until his death in 1702. Anne reigned until 1714 as last Stuart Queen of England and of the Scots.

The House of Stuart produced six English monarchs who ruled during this period.

The early Stuarts.

• King James I (1603 to 1625).
• King Charles I (1625 to 1649).

The late Stuarts.

• King Charles II (1660 to 1685).
• King James II (1685 to 1688).
• Queen Mary II (1689 to 1702). Reigned with William III of House of Orange-Nassau.
• Queen Anne (1702 to 1714)

Battle of Marston Moor, English and Dutch fleets engage on St. James Day, and the Battle of Vigo Bay (left to right).

• Clark, George Norman. The Later Stuarts, 1660–1714 (Oxford History of England) (1956), standard scholarly survey
• Coward, Barry. The Stuart Age: England, 1603-1714 (1980)
• Coward, Barry, ed. A Companion to Stuart Britain (2009) excerpt and text search; 24 advanced essays by scholars
• Davies, Godfrey. The Early Stuarts, 1603–1660 (Oxford History of England) (1959)
• Kishlansky, Mark A. A Monarchy Transformed: Britain, 1603–1714 (Penguin History of Britain) (1997), standard scholarly survey; excerpt and text search
• Miller, John. The Stuarts (2004)
• Morrill, John. Stuart Britain: A Very Short Introduction (2005) excerpt and text search; 100pp
• Morrill, John, ed. The Oxford Illustrated History of Tudor and Stuart Britain (2001) excerpt and text search
• Pincus, Steve. 1688: The First Modern Revolution (2011)
• Pincus, Steven C. A. England's Glorious Revolution 1688-1689: A Brief History with Documents (2005)
• Sharpe, Kevin, and Peter Lake, eds. Culture and politics in early Stuart England (1993)
• Wroughton, John. ed. The Routledge Companion to the Stuart Age, 1603-1714 (2006) excerpt and text search

• Baxter, Steven B. "The Later Stuart's: 1660-1714," in Richard Schlatter, ed., Recent Views on British History: Essays on Historical Writing since 1966 (Rutgers UP, 1984), pp 141 – 166
• Burgess, Glenn. "On revisionism: an analysis of early Stuart historiography in the 1970s and 1980s." Historical Journal (1990) 33#3 pp: 609-627.
• Furber, Elizabeth Chapin, ed. Changing Views on British History (1966)
• Underdown, David. "New Ways and Old and Early Stuart History," in Richard Schlatter, ed., Recent Views on British History: Essays on Historical Writing since 1966 (Rutgers UP, 1984), pp 99–140
• Zagora, Perez. "English History, 1558-1640: A Bibliographical Survey," in Elizabeth Chapin Furber, ed. Changing views on British history: essays on historical writing since 1939 (Harvard University Press, 1966), pp 119–40

• Browning, A. ed. English Historical Documents 1660-1714 (1953)
• Coward, Barry, and Peter Gaunt, eds. English Historical Documents, 1603-1660 (2011)