25 is the third studio album recorded by English singer and songwriter Adele. It was released on 20 November 2015, through XL Recordings. Following the release and international success of her second studio album 21 (2011), Adele considered quitting the music industry and going out on a positive note. However, she decided to take a hiatus instead and raise her son. During her sabbatical, she suffered from writer's block and rescheduled studio sessions for a new album, fearing she had lost her ability to write songs. In 2013, Adele had a breakthrough and the material that eventually became 25 manifested, with writing and recording continuing through 2015.

Titled as a reflection of her life and frame of mind at 25 years old, 25 is a "make-up record". The album's lyrical content features themes of Adele yearning for her old self, her nostalgia, and melancholy about the passage of time as well as themes of motherhood and regret. In contrast to Adele's previous work, the production of 25 incorporated the use of electronic elements and creative rhythmic patterns, with elements of 1980s R&B and organs. Like 21, Adele collaborated with producer and songwriter Paul Epworth and Ryan Tedder, along with new collaborations with Max Martin and Shellback, Greg Kurstin, Danger Mouse, The Smeezingtons, Samuel Dixon, and Tobias Jesso Jr.

Amid heavy promotion and an anticipated release, the album was released to critical and commercial success. 25 debuted at number one in more than 10 markets and broke first-week sales records in multiple countries, including the United Kingdom and United States; in the US, the album sold 3.38 million copies in its first week of release, marking the largest single-week sales for an album since Nielsen SoundScan began tracking point-of-sale music purchases in 1991. Many journalists regarded the album as having an impact on the music industry by encouraging the public to return to buying physical albums, instead of downloading or streaming.

Following the release of 21 (2011), Adele was considering quitting the music industry all together, stating she thought it was better to "go out on a high". However, in early 2012 she announced she was simply taking a hiatus from music in order to "take time and live a little bit".^[1] Her hiatus from music came to an end after the birth of her first child in October 2012, with Adele stating her son inspired her to start recording music again in order for him to "know what I do".^[2][3] Before the album's recording came under way, Adele made a conscious decision not to try and create another 21 and would not make another "heartbreak record".^[4]

Prior to the album's release, 25 was listed as one of the most anticipated albums of 2015. Billboard, Fuse, The Sydney Morning Herald and numerous others placed the album at number one on their most anticipated list, with the latter stating "if Adele releases her third album in 2015, she could dominate the year."^[5] Prior to the album's official announcement, music journalists and fans speculated that the album would be titled 25 continuing the age theme from Adele's previous releases 19 and 21.^[6][7] On the eve of her 26th birthday in May 2014, Adele posted a message via her Twitter account which prompted media discussion about her next album. The message, "Bye bye 25 ... See you again later in the year", was interpreted by outlets including Billboard and Capital FM as meaning that her next album would be titled 25 and released later in the year.^[8][9]

On 10 February 2013, Adele confirmed that she was in the very early stages of her third album and was having meetings while staying in Los Angeles for the 85th Academy Awards.^[10][11] Initially recording sessions for 25 were unsuccessful, in which Adele suffered from writer's block. Adele rescheduled the album's recording stating she did not feel "ready", but returned to the studio when her son was eighteen months old, which inspired her to write an album about motherhood.^[12][13] In an interview on BBC One, it was revealed that a whole album about being a mother was written and scrapped because she thought the material was "too boring".^[14]

Adele stated that the album took a long time to write, saying she did not think the album was ever going to be finished, continuing to state the process was long.^[15] During the initial recording Adele ran out of ideas and lost the ability to write songs, but her team encouraged her to go back to the drawing board and keep writing.^[15] After what seemed like a very arduous process to the singer, who feared she may have lost the inspiration for her writing, the material that eventually became 25 manifested. Adele attempted to write 25 numerous times, but struggled, after taking time off due to motherhood Adele returned to the studio but stated she was not ready to start writing. She then went on to take more time off repeating this process "a couple of times".^[16]

In 2013, Adele began recording once again, contacting friend and producer Kid Harpoon. Adele and Harpoon went to his recording studio, however the session was unproductive with Adele saying: "I don't know why I wasn't ready, I just couldn't access myself."^[4] A few months passed and Adele travelled to New York to begin working with long time collaborator Ryan Tedder, but the sessions with Tedder were also unfruitful.^[4] However Adele did use one of the songs from the sessions entitled "Remedy", which was written about her best friend, her grandparents, her boyfriend, and her son. Adele was excited by the song and believed she was finally creating music that she liked and felt confident about. After recording the song along with others she flew producer Rick Rubin to the studio who was displeased with the songs that she had written, and encouraged Adele to go back to the "drawing board".^[4] Rubin described the songs as having no depth and stated to Adele;

Adele was anxious to be finished with the new album and move forward with life, I stressed the most important thing was to be true to her voice, even if that took longer and was more work ... In the new material I heard, it was clear she wasn't the primary writer — many of the songs sounded like they might be on a different pop artist's album. It's not just her voice singing any song that makes it special."^[17]

Adele continued to suffer with writers block, until she met with producer Greg Kurstin. During the meeting with Kurstin, Adele had a breakthrough: "It all poured right out of me."^[18] "Hello" was written by Adele and Kurstin and produced by the latter, who also played bass, guitar, piano and keyboards, with Adele being credited as a drummer.^[19] The song was written in Chiswick, London, something not normally done by Adele, who said she likes to write her music at home.^[20] The writing process for the song was slow, taking six months to complete. Initially Adele and Kurstin started writing the first verse; finishing half of the song, six months later Adele contacted Kurstin to finish the song with her, with Kurstin stating he was not sure "if Adele was ever going to come back and finish it."^[21] The main inspiration behind the record came from her motherhood, as well as singer Madonna's 1998 studio album, Ray of Light, and its song "Frozen".^[21] Although Adele clarified that she "wasn't exposed to Madonna's catalog earlier" in life, she loved Madonna's electronic musical foray after hearing it. "I believe everything she says on it. Some of the songs on it are an ode to her first kid, and I needed that to challenge me." Along with Ray of Light, Adele also listened to musician Moby's fifth studio album, Play.^[22]

You know what I found so amazing about [Ray of Light]? ... That's the record Madonna wrote after having her first child, and for me, it's her best. I was so all over the place after having a child, just because my chemicals were just hitting the fucking roof and shit like that ... I was just drifting away, and I couldn't find that many examples for myself where I was like, 'Fuck, they truly came back to themselves,' until someone was like, 'Well, obviously, Ray of Light.'^[21]

During the album's recording Adele travelled to Los Angeles in order to give the recording sessions "one last push".^[23] Adele spent two months in Los Angeles, and was determined to move forward with the album.^[21] During the sessions in Los Angeles she also wrote "When We Were Young" alongside Tobias Jesso Jr., the track was written at a rented house where Adele used Philip Glass' piano.^[12] Adele also worked with singer-songwriter Bruno Mars, initially the pair had attempted to create an uptempo song, however they created a "dramatic ballad" entitled "All I Ask".^[21]

After unfruitful sessions with Tedder, the pair went to lunch where Adele heard Taylor Swift's single "I Knew You Were Trouble". Tedder informed Adele that the song was produced by Max Martin, and sent her clips of his work.^[4] Shortly after this, Adele began work on the track "Send My Love (To Your New Lover)", reworking a skeleton of a song she had written when she was thirteen years old after being inspired by the release of Frank by Amy Winehouse.^[4] Kurstin also co-wrote and produced the song "Million Years Ago". The song was not set to be included on the record, but was added three days prior to the album's mixing at Electric Lady Studios in New York.^[4]

Adele co-wrote a song called "Alive" with Jesso and Sia. Initially written for 25 along with "Bird Set Free" and another track, Adele decided not to include any of the songs on the album. Following Adele's decision, Sia asked her permission to send the track to Rihanna, which Adele agreed to as long as her vocals were taken off the record, stating: "I don't want my vocal floating around out there on a demo." Sia eventually recorded it herself for her seventh studio album This Is Acting.^[24] "Bird Set Free" was recorded by Adele but she decided not to include it due to it being too similar to Sia's work. Like "Alive" the song was later included on This Is Acting.^[25]

Consisting of eleven tracks, Adele aimed to depart from the "young-fogey" sound of her sophomore album 21 and added synths and drum pads in order to modernize 25's musical style.^[27] The album's production incorporated the use of electronic elements and creative rhythmic patterns, unlike its predecessor, with elements of 80's R&B and organ haze's.^[28][29] Described as a collection of "panoramic ballads and prettily executed detours", Leah GreenBlatt of Entertainment Weekly noted the album's "stately production" characterizing is as being built over minor-key melancholy, stylistic flourishes and simplicity.^[30] Leonie Cooper of the NME summed the album's production up as changing from "moody balladeering to smoky jazz bar grooves" whilst a reviewer from Us Weekly stated the album was built upon piano ballads, R&B grooves, minimalistic arrangements, gospel, blues and acoustic guitars.^[31][32]

Adele's vocals on 25 were described as being capable of conveying emotion.^[33] Her vocals were noted by Samantha O'Connor of The 405 as ranging from "thunderous roars and rib-cracking falsettos over large dramatic piano swells to fuzzy, warm lower-register rumblings", and were characterised as having a raw delivery, with minimal engineering, leaving "her vocal idiosyncrasies to crackle, croak and coo, bringing more depth" to the album.^[34] Bruce Handy of Vanity Fair stated the Adele's throat surgery had not impacted her voice, continuing to say her voice still contained character and power: "brassy yet husky, smoky yet clarion, she still sounds like the result of a genetic experiment fusing Amy Winehouse's vocal chords with Céline Dion's lungs, or even Tom Jones'."^[35]

Described by Adele as a "make-up album", she attempted to move away from the theme of break-ups that dominated 21's lyrical content. Adele stated that 25's lyrics focuses on themes of her "trying to clear out the past," and moving on.^[36] She continued to say that the album's lyrics are a reflection of the frame of mind she was in during that age, describing the time as a "turning point" where she was in the centre of adolescence and adulthood and the start of a time where she would "go into becoming who I'm going to be forever without a removal van full of my old junk."^[37] Lyrically, the album touches upon various themes including the singers fear of getting older, her childhood, regrets, longing for her family, nostalgia and her role as a mother.^[34] Mark Savage of the BBC, noted the album's themes were a departure from the anger and heartbroken themes that dominated 21, stating that the lyrics were "reflective" allowing the singer "to re-examine her past relationships". Savage continued to state that songs such as "When We Were Young" introduce the album's key theme of Adele's "uneasy acceptance of adulthood."^[38] The album is focused at a broad popular music appeal, where her former releases, were made with a concoction of "gospel, R&B, jazz, [and] folk" styles, elements, and audiences in mind.^[39]

25 opens with "Hello", a piano ballad that borrows heavily from soul music.^[40][41] During the chorus Adele is heard singing the lines over layers of backing vocals, piano and drums which were described by the Telegraph as leaning "towards a very luscious wall of sound".^[42] The track also contains drums which Adele was credited for providing.^[43] Lyrically, the track focuses on themes of nostalgia and regret and plays out like a conversation.^[44] The follow up, "Send My Love (To Your New Lover)", has been compared to the work of singer-songwriter Taylor Swift^[45][46] due to its "upbeat, poppy" sound.^[47] Adele describes it as a "happy you're gone" song, which was inspired by an ex-boyfriend.^[48]

The drum-filled folk song, "I Miss You",^[49] has been described as "explicitly seductive" due to the lyrics: "Bring the floor up to my knees/Let me fall into your gravity/And kiss me back to life to see/Your body standing over me."^[50] "When We Were Young", another piano-led ballad,^[51] is "a reflective serenade about treasuring the moments you will look back on in years to come",^[52] while the ballad "Remedy", was written about Adele's best friend, her grandparents, her boyfriend, and her son.^[4] "Water Under the Bridge" is a mid-tempo disco-pop song,^[52][53] featuring an electo-drum beat and a tropical, trip hop riff,^[54] with Adele proclaiming to her lover "If you're gonna let me down, let me down gently/Don't pretend that you don't want me/Our love ain't water under the bridge". The gospel-tinged "River Lea" talks about the singer growing up in Tottenham, London, England,^[55] while "Love in the Dark" is a torch ballad.^[56] "Million Years Ago", an acoustic tune accompanied only by guitar, finds the singer pining "for the normality of her not-so-distant childhood. Entwined with Middle Eastern twists of background hums that suggest Madonna's 'Frozen,'".^[57] In the final piano ballad "All I Ask",^[35] "Adele addresses a lover on what she knows will be their final night, processing the end of an affair in what feels like slow motion."^[56] 25 closes with "Sweetest Devotion", an "uplifting" number written as a tribute to her son.^[58]

On 23 October 2015, "Hello" was released as the album's lead single and was made available for purchase and streaming, with its music video released on the same day.^[59] It has since compiled over 100 million views on YouTube within 5 days. It is the second-fastest video to hit 100 million YouTube views ever and the fastest to reach 100 million on Vevo previously held by "Wrecking Ball" by Miley Cyrus back in 2013.^[60] The song reached number one in the UK Singles Chart on 30 October, with a combined first week sales of 330,000 copies. The figure was the largest opening week sales for a single since James Arthur's "Impossible", which achieved a volume of 490,000 sales in 2012.^[61] The song sold 1,112,000 digital downloads and 61.2 million streams in its first week, resulting in "Hello" debuting at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 (becoming Adele's fourth number-one single in the United States) on the issue dated 14 November 2015.^[62]

A release date for 25 was first suggested in early August 2014, when Paul Moss suggested that an album would be released in 2014 or 2015.^[63] However, accounts filed by Adele's label XL Recordings in October 2014 ruled out the possibility of a 2014 release. In August 2015, Billboard reported that Adele's label had intentions of releasing her third studio album sometime in November 2015.^[64][65] In October 2015, the album was rumoured to be released on 20 November 2015, after which numerous journalists speculated that other musicians had pushed back their albums in order to avoid chart competition with her, with artists such as Justin Bieber, 5 Seconds of Summer and One Direction releasing their albums before Adele's, so that their sales and chart placements would not be affected.^[66][67]

On 18 October, a 30-second clip of "Hello" was shown on UK television during a commercial break on The X Factor. It teased a new song from Adele after three years, with viewers hearing her singing the first verse of "Hello" with its lyrics appearing on a black screen.^[68] Three days later, Adele released a letter to her fans through social media addressing the album, in which she confirmed that the album would be titled 25.^[69] Adele stated that the title is a reflection on her age and the frame of mind she was in during that age, describing the time as a "turning point" where she was in the centre of adolescence and adulthood and the start of a time where she would "go into becoming who I'm going to be forever without a removal van full of my old junk." She added: "My last record was a break-up record and if I had to label this one I would call it a make-up record. I'm making up with myself. I'm making up for lost time."^[69] Adele confirmed the next day 25 would be released on 20 November 2015, and revealed its cover simultaneously on her social media.^[70][71] On 19 November, The New York Times reported that the album will not be released on streaming services such as Spotify and Apple Music.^[72]

On 27 October, BBC One announced plans for a one-hour television special presented by Graham Norton in which he would talk to Adele about her new album. Adele at the BBC was recorded before a live audience on 2 November and transmitted on BBC One on 20 November, coinciding with the album's release.^[73] A short extract of the programme was previewed during the edition of 5 November of BBC One's The One Show; it shows Adele performing "Hello" and chatting to Norton.^[74] On 27 October it was also announced that the singer would make an appearance on the US entertainment series Saturday Night Live on 21 November.^[73] On 30 October, Adele confirmed through her Facebook page that she would be performing a one-night-only concert titled Adele Live in New York City at the Radio City Music Hall on 17 November. Subsequently, NBC confirmed they will air the concert special on 14 December.^[75][76]

On 26 November 2015, Adele announced she was embarking on her third tour titled Adele Live 2016, which will run from February to June 2016. It will set off in Belfast on 29 February 2016 in the SSE Arena before moving throughout mainland Europe and concluding in Antwerp at Sportpaleis on June 13, 2016.^[77] Demand for the tour was high, as over 500,000 fans registered at Adele.com to purchase tickets, with 57,000 tickets sold for the 12 shows that were put on sale in the UK.^[78]

Professional ratings

Review scores
Source	Rating
AllMusic	[79]
Billboard	[80]
The Daily Telegraph	[81]
Entertainment Weekly	A–[50]
The Guardian	[82]
The Independent	[83]
NME	3/5[84]
Pitchfork Media	7.3/10[85]
Rolling Stone	[56]
Spin	6/10[86]

25 received generally positive reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 75, based on 33 reviews.^[87] Reviewing for AllMusic, Stephen Thomas Erlewine comments, "Fittingly, 25 also plays better over the long haul, its march of slow songs steadily revealing subtle emotional or musical distinctions", where "all 11 songs are ... a piece ... [of] shaded melancholy gaining most of their power through performance", and arguing that the "cohesive sound only accentuates how Adele has definitively claimed this arena of dignified heartbreak as her own".^[79] Neil McCormick from The Daily Telegraph said, "Covering much of the same kind of musical and emotional terrain, 25 is certainly the equal of its predecessor ... The beauty of Adele's singing is how effortless it is ... She gives herself space, words falling neatly with music and rhythm, albeit she has the advantage of being able to stretch vowels and add syllables apparently at will."^[81] Another positive review came from Mark Savage of BBC who believed that "overall, the record is a worthy successor to 21 ... [Adele's] vocals are undiminished, conveying sorrow, joy, sincerity and warmth, often in the space of a single phrase. And the A-list hitmakers who populate the record wisely build the songs around her presence," adding that "Well, your ears won't bleed, but your tear ducts are going to get a workout."^[88] Jon Dolan of Rolling Stone commented that the album's "nostalgic mood is the perfect fit for an artist who reaches back decades for her influences, even as her all-or-nothing urgency feels utterly modern" and also praising her "incredible phrasing – the way she can infuse any line with nuance and power", which he argued served as "more proof that she's among the greatest interpreters of romantic lyrics".^[56] The magazine ranked the album at number two on its "The 50 Best Albums of 2015" year-end list.^[89]

Leah Greenblatt of Entertainment Weekly called it "a record that feels both new and familiar—a beautiful if safe collection of panoramic ballads and prettily executed detours".^[50] Billboard praised Adele's vocal performance writing that it's "swathed in echo, sounding like she's wailing beneath the vaults of the planet's most cavernous cathedral, they hit hard."^[90] The Los Angeles Times wrote, "Adele's fans have been waiting for years for new Adele songs to explain their experiences to them. And they get a worthy batch on 25, an album so full of heavy-duty drama that it makes a more lighthearted peer such as Katy Perry seem like a Pez dispenser."^[91] Paul Bridgewater of The Line of Best Fit commended the album for being "almost an embarrassment of (pop) riches", arguing that it included "the quintessential DNA of what a 21st-century pop record is" and "some incredible modern classics".^[92] Amanda Petrusich from Pitchfork Media praised Adele's vocal delivery, arguing that "[her] instincts as a singer remain unmatched; she is, inarguably, the greatest vocalist of her generation, an artist who instinctively understands timbre and pitch, when to let some air in".^[93]

Reviewing the album for The Independent, Andy Gill praised tracks like "River Lea" and "Send My Love (To Your New Lover)", calling them "isolated moments of musical intrigue scattered here and there through the album", but Gill believed that the songs on 25 gradually became "swamped by the kind of dreary piano ballads that are Adele's fall-back position".^[83] Bruce Handy, writing a review for the album from Vanity Fair, regards the music genre as old-style R&B to modern pop music, where the songs are mostly ballads.^[94]

In the United Kingdom, 25 debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart and sold 800,307 copies in its first chart week, overtaking Be Here Now to become the fastest-selling album of all time in the UK.^[95] Of that total, 252,423 copies were digital downloads, which also broke the record for most digital copies sold in a week (more than doubling the previous record held by Ed Sheeran's x)^[96] and 548,000 were physical copies. On 29 November 2015, after ten days on sale, it became the fastest million-seller in the UK,^[97] surpassing Oasis' Be Here Now, which achieved this feat in 17 days in 1997.^[98] In its first week, 25 sold more copies in the UK than the combined sales of the last 19 number-one UK albums in the weeks they topped the chart.^[99]

Elsewhere in Europe, 25 also opened atop of the German charts selling 263,000 units, the largest weekly sale for a record since Herbert Grönemeyer's 2007 release 12.^[100] While in France, 25 became the fastest-selling album of 2015 after it sold 169,693 copies, of which 26,295 were downloads.^[101] In the Netherlands, the album debuted at number one with first week sales of over 120,000 copies.^[102]

In the United States, 25 sold 1.9 million copies after two days of availability, and 2.3 million after three, becoming the fastest-selling album of the 21st century and the best-selling album of 2015.^{[103][104][105][106]} The album reached sales of 2.433 million early on its fourth day, surpassing the single-week record for an album since Nielsen Soundscan began tracking sales in 1991, set by NSYNC's No Strings Attached in March 2000 when it debuted with 2.416 million copies.^[107] By its fifth day, 25 had sold over 2.8 million copies, 1.45 million of which were digital sales, breaking the first-week record for a digital set.^[108] By its sixth day, the album had sold over 3 million copies, further extending its first-week record.^[109] In total, it sold 3.38 million copies in the US in its first week, becoming the first album to sell over 3 million copies in a week, and only the second to sell over 2 million in a single week.^[110] The album earned 3.48 million equivalent album units in the US in its first week of release, which is the largest registered figure since the Billboard 200 began tracking weekly popularity based on overall units in December 2014. 25 also achieved 96,000 in track-equivalent album units in the US in its debut week, and another 8,000 in streaming-equivalent album units, all of which came from streams of the single "Hello", as it was the only song from the album available on streaming services.^[111] In the first three days of its second week, 25 sold over 650,000 units, surpassing 4 million in pure album sales.^[112]

In Australia, the album sold more than 210,000 copies in five days, passing the triple platinum mark there.^[113] In New Zealand, 25 broke the record for highest first week sales, selling 18,766 copies.^[114] The previous record holder was Susan Boyle whose I Dreamed a Dream sold 17,435 copies in its first week. In South Africa, 25 achieved double platinum sales in five days through physical and digital vendors.^[115]

In October 2015, numerous journalists speculated that other musicians had pushed back their albums in order to avoid chart competition with Adele; artists such as Justin Bieber, Sam Smith and One Direction all did this so that their sales would not be affected.^[116][117] Columbia Records shipped 3.6 million physical copies of 25, across the United States, making it the most CDs shipped for a new release since the shipment of 4.2 million copies of No Strings Attached in 2000.^[118] One million copies of 25 were shipped to UK retailers, including HMV and Tesco. Ian Topping, chief executive of HMV, stated that the company had a great start with the album and sales had exceeded their expectations, continuing to say it was their "fastest selling album for many years."^[119]

Following the album's release, journalists reported that 25 was able to encourage the public to return to buying physical copies, compared to streaming. Adam Shewin of The Independent stated that "25 sent casual purchasers back to the remaining physical stores and may even have introduced a new generation to the delights of ownership."^[119] The album was described as saving the music industry, which was seeing dwindling profits with downloading and streaming as the popular methods of music consumption.^[120] James Cabooter of the Daily Star echoed the sentiment saying, "considering the musical climate, Adele's figures are astonishing, and she is outselling the rest of the UK chart combined. Apple's digital sales are expected to be around 900,000, while 25 displaced Take That's III as the most pre-ordered album of all time on Amazon.co.uk. She's saving the CD too – in the US alone, shops have ordered 3.6m physical copies of 25 with a further two million CDs stocked in Europe. That's the biggest CD pressing of any album since 2000."^[121]

The album was also noted for boosting sales of retailer Target, which sold the extra track edition of 25, during Thanksgiving and Black Friday. Target Chief Executive Brian Cornell stated that 25 was "the biggest release we've ever had — this is going to break all the records for us" and that "the combination of Adele dropping when it did, the weekend before Thanksgiving, really helped bring in people”.^[122]

The album sold more copies in the US in its debut week than the previous number-one albums had sold in the previous 22 weeks combined. Additionally, it sold more copies in its first week than any album sold in an entire calendar year in three recent years (2008, 2009, and 2013).^[123] 25 sold more copies in the US in its opening week than the next two best-selling albums of the year combined (Taylor Swift's 1989 and Drake's If You're Reading This It's Too Late, which combined to sell 2.885 million copies in 2015).^[123] 25 sold more copies in its first week than the next two fastest-selling albums by female artists combined–Britney Spears' Oops!... I Did It Again, which sold 1.319 million in its first week, and Swift's 1989, which sold 1.287 million in its first week.^[123]

Note

• Credits adapted from iTunes metadata and the booklet of Target's bonus tracks edition.^[70][125]

Credits adapted from the liner notes of 25.^[127]

Locations

• Recorded at Metropolis Studios, London; MXM Studios, Stockholm; Eastcote Studios, London; The Church Studios, London; Dean Street Studios, London; Air Studios, London; British Grove Studios, London; West Point Studios, London; Sam's Studio, London; Zelig Studios, London; Smecky Studios, Prague; Glenwood Recording Studios, Los Angeles; Greenleaf Studios, Los Angeles; Harmony Studios, Los Angeles; Diamond Mine, New York
• Mixed at Electric Lady Studios, New York; Capitol Studio's, Los Angeles; MixStar Studios, Virginia Beach; Larrabee Studios, Los Angeles
• Mastered at Sterling Sound, New York

Musicians

Engineering

Creative

Other

• Petr Pycha – orchestra contractor

• List of fastest-selling albums

• Official website