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'''Massospondylidae''' is a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[massopod]] [[sauropodomorph]]s.<ref name=Y03>{{cite journal | last1 = Yates | first1 = Adam M. | year = 2003 | title = Species taxonomy of the sauropodomorph dinosaurs from the Löwenstein Formation (Norian, Late Triassic) of Germany | journal = Palaeontology | volume = 46 | issue = 2 | pages = 317–337 | doi=10.1111/j.0031-0239.2003.00301.x}}</ref><ref name=Y07>{{cite journal | last1 = Yates | first1 = Adam M. | year = 2007 | title = The first complete skull of the Triassic dinosaur ''Melanorosaurus'' Haughton (Sauropodomorpha: Anchisauria) | journal = In Barrett & Batten (eds.), ''Evolution and Palaeobiology'' | pages = 9–55 }}</ref> Massospondylids were early sauropodomorph [[dinosaur]]s that existed in [[Asia]], [[Africa]] and [[South America]] during the [[Late Triassic]] to the [[Early Jurassic]] periods. Several dinosaurs have been classified as massospondylids over the years. The largest [[cladistic]] analysis of early sauropodomorphs, which was presented by Apaldetti and colleagues in November 2011, found ''[[Adeopapposaurus]]'', ''[[Coloradisaurus]]'', ''[[Glacialisaurus]]'', ''[[Massospondylus]]'', ''[[Leyesaurus]]'' and ''[[Lufengosaurus]]'' to be valid massospondylids.<ref name=Leyesaurus>{{cite journal |year=2011 |title=A New Basal Sauropodomorph (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from Quebrada del Barro Formation (Marayes-El Carrizal Basin), Northwestern Argentina |url=http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0026964 |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=6 |issue=11 |pages=e26964 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0026964 |bibcode = 2011PLoSO...626964A |author=Cecilia Apaldetti, Ricardo N. Martinez, Oscar A. Alcober and Diego Pol |editor1-last=Claessens |editor1-first=Leon |pmid=22096511 |pmc=3212523 }}</ref> This result supports many previous analyses that tested fewer taxa.<ref name=Y07/><ref name=SP07>{{cite journal |last=Smith |first=Nathan D. |author2=Pol, Diego |year=2007 |title=Anatomy of a basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic Hanson Formation of Antarctica |journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |volume=52 |issue=4 |pages=657–674 |url=http://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app52/app52-57.pdf |format=pdf }}</ref><ref name=RNM09>{{cite journal |doi=10.1671/039.029.0102 |last=Martínez |first=Ricardo N. |year=2009 |title=''Adeopapposaurus mognai'', gen. et sp. nov (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha), with comments on adaptations of basal sauropodomorpha |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=142–164}}</ref><ref name=Poletal2011>{{cite journal |year=2011 |title=A New Sauropodomorph Dinosaur from the Early Jurassic of Patagonia and the Origin and Evolution of the Sauropod-type Sacrum |url=http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0014572 |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=e14572 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0014572 |pmid=21298087 |pmc=3027623|bibcode = 2011PLoSO...614572P |author=Diego Pol, Alberto Garrido, Ignacio A. Cerda |editor1-last=Farke |editor1-first=Andrew Allen }}</ref> However, this analysis found the two recently described [[North America]]n massopods, ''[[Sarahsaurus]]'' and ''[[Seitaad]]'', and the [[South Africa]]n ''[[Ignavusaurus]]'' to nest outside Massospondylidae, as opposed to some provisional proposals.<ref name=Seitaad>{{Cite journal|author=Joseph J. W. Sertich and Mark A. Loewen |year=2010 |title=A New Basal Sauropodomorph Dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic Navajo Sandstone of Southern Utah |url= http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0009789 |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=e9789 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0009789 |pmid= 20352090|pmc= 2844413|bibcode = 2010PLoSO...5.9789S|editor1-last=Laudet|editor1-first=Vincent }}</ref><ref name=YBN11>{{cite journal |last=Yates |first=Adam M. |coauthors=Matthew F. Bonnan and Johann Neveling |year=2011 |title=A new basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic of South Africa |url=http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a937433139~frm=titlelink |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=610–625 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2011.560626 }}</ref> Earlier in 2011, ''[[Pradhania]]'', a sauropodomorph from India, was tested for the first time in a large cladistic analysis and was found to be a relatively basal massospondylid.<ref name=Indiansaupo>{{Cite journal|author=Fernando E. Novas, Martin D. Ezcurra, Sankar Chatterjee and T. S. Kutty |year=2011 |title=New dinosaur species from the Upper Triassic Upper Maleri and Lower Dharmaram formations of central India |journal=Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh |volume=101 |issue=3–4 |pages=333–349 |doi=10.1017/S1755691011020093}}</ref> ''[[Mussaurus]]'' and ''[[Xixiposaurus]]'' may also be included within Massospondylidae.<ref name="Sekiya">{{Cite journal|author=SEKIYA Toru |year=2010 |title=A new prosauropod dinosaur from Lower Jurassic in Lufeng of Yunnan |journal=Global Geology |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=6–15 |doi=10.3969/j.issn.1004-5589.2010.01.002 |url=http://www.ceps.com.tw/ec/ecjnlarticleView.aspx?jnlcattype=1&jnlptype=3&jnltype=20&jnliid=2337&issueiid=93871&atliid=1940247}}</ref>
'''Massospondylidae''' is a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[massopod]] [[sauropodomorph]]s.<ref name=Y03>{{cite journal | last1 = Yates | first1 = Adam M. | year = 2003 | title = Species taxonomy of the sauropodomorph dinosaurs from the Löwenstein Formation (Norian, Late Triassic) of Germany | journal = Palaeontology | volume = 46 | issue = 2 | pages = 317–337 | doi=10.1111/j.0031-0239.2003.00301.x}}</ref><ref name=Y07>{{cite journal | last1 = Yates | first1 = Adam M. | year = 2007 | title = The first complete skull of the Triassic dinosaur ''Melanorosaurus'' Haughton (Sauropodomorpha: Anchisauria) | journal = In Barrett & Batten (eds.), ''Evolution and Palaeobiology'' | pages = 9–55 }}</ref> Massospondylids were early sauropodomorph [[dinosaur]]s that existed in [[Asia]], [[Africa]] and [[South America]] during the [[Late Triassic]] to the [[Early Jurassic]] periods. Several dinosaurs have been classified as massospondylids over the years. The largest [[cladistic]] analysis of early sauropodomorphs, which was presented by Apaldetti and colleagues in November 2011, found ''[[Adeopapposaurus]]'', ''[[Coloradisaurus]]'', ''[[Glacialisaurus]]'', ''[[Massospondylus]]'', ''[[Leyesaurus]]'' and ''[[Lufengosaurus]]'' to be valid massospondylids.<ref name=Leyesaurus>{{cite journal |year=2011 |title=A New Basal Sauropodomorph (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from Quebrada del Barro Formation (Marayes-El Carrizal Basin), Northwestern Argentina |url=http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0026964 |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=6 |issue=11 |pages=e26964 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0026964 |bibcode = 2011PLoSO...626964A |author=Cecilia Apaldetti, Ricardo N. Martinez, Oscar A. Alcober and Diego Pol |editor1-last=Claessens |editor1-first=Leon |pmid=22096511 |pmc=3212523 }}</ref> This result supports many previous analyses that tested fewer taxa.<ref name=Y07/><ref name=SP07>{{cite journal |last=Smith |first=Nathan D. |author2=Pol, Diego |year=2007 |title=Anatomy of a basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic Hanson Formation of Antarctica |journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |volume=52 |issue=4 |pages=657–674 |url=http://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app52/app52-57.pdf |format=pdf }}</ref><ref name=RNM09>{{cite journal |doi=10.1671/039.029.0102 |last=Martínez |first=Ricardo N. |year=2009 |title=''Adeopapposaurus mognai'', gen. et sp. nov (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha), with comments on adaptations of basal sauropodomorpha |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=142–164}}</ref><ref name=Poletal2011>{{cite journal |year=2011 |title=A New Sauropodomorph Dinosaur from the Early Jurassic of Patagonia and the Origin and Evolution of the Sauropod-type Sacrum |url=http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0014572 |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=e14572 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0014572 |pmid=21298087 |pmc=3027623|bibcode = 2011PLoSO...614572P |author=Diego Pol, Alberto Garrido, Ignacio A. Cerda |editor1-last=Farke |editor1-first=Andrew Allen }}</ref> However, this analysis found the two recently described [[North America]]n massopods, ''[[Sarahsaurus]]'' and ''[[Seitaad]]'', and the [[South Africa]]n ''[[Ignavusaurus]]'' to nest outside Massospondylidae, as opposed to some provisional proposals.This species is well known for being one of the few species who mated for pleasure as well. There is also evidence supporting that these creatures could also be homosexual, as there were many fossils suggesting ruptured anal cavities. <ref name=Seitaad>{{Cite journal|author=Joseph J. W. Sertich and Mark A. Loewen |year=2010 |title=A New Basal Sauropodomorph Dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic Navajo Sandstone of Southern Utah |url= http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0009789 |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=e9789 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0009789 |pmid= 20352090|pmc= 2844413|bibcode = 2010PLoSO...5.9789S|editor1-last=Laudet|editor1-first=Vincent }}</ref><ref name=YBN11>{{cite journal |last=Yates |first=Adam M. |coauthors=Matthew F. Bonnan and Johann Neveling |year=2011 |title=A new basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic of South Africa |url=http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a937433139~frm=titlelink |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=610–625 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2011.560626 }}</ref> Earlier in 2011, ''[[Pradhania]]'', a sauropodomorph from India, was tested for the first time in a large cladistic analysis and was found to be a relatively basal massospondylid.<ref name=Indiansaupo>{{Cite journal|author=Fernando E. Novas, Martin D. Ezcurra, Sankar Chatterjee and T. S. Kutty |year=2011 |title=New dinosaur species from the Upper Triassic Upper Maleri and Lower Dharmaram formations of central India |journal=Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh |volume=101 |issue=3–4 |pages=333–349 |doi=10.1017/S1755691011020093}}</ref> ''[[Mussaurus]]'' and ''[[Xixiposaurus]]'' may also be included within Massospondylidae.<ref name="Sekiya">{{Cite journal|author=SEKIYA Toru |year=2010 |title=A new prosauropod dinosaur from Lower Jurassic in Lufeng of Yunnan |journal=Global Geology |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=6–15 |doi=10.3969/j.issn.1004-5589.2010.01.002 |url=http://www.ceps.com.tw/ec/ecjnlarticleView.aspx?jnlcattype=1&jnlptype=3&jnltype=20&jnliid=2337&issueiid=93871&atliid=1940247}}</ref>


==Phylogeny==
==Phylogeny==

Revision as of 17:41, 30 March 2015

Massospondylidae
Temporal range: Late Triassic - Early Jurassic, Norian–Pliensbachian
An example of Massospondylidae, Adeopapposaurus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: Saurischia
Clade: †Sauropodomorpha
Clade: †Massopoda
Family: †Massospondylidae
Huene, 1914
Type species
Massospondylus carinatus

Massospondylidae is a family of massopod sauropodomorphs.[1][2] Massospondylids were early sauropodomorph dinosaurs that existed in Asia, Africa and South America during the Late Triassic to the Early Jurassic periods. Several dinosaurs have been classified as massospondylids over the years. The largest cladistic analysis of early sauropodomorphs, which was presented by Apaldetti and colleagues in November 2011, found Adeopapposaurus, Coloradisaurus, Glacialisaurus, Massospondylus, Leyesaurus and Lufengosaurus to be valid massospondylids.[3] This result supports many previous analyses that tested fewer taxa.[2][4][5][6] However, this analysis found the two recently described North American massopods, Sarahsaurus and Seitaad, and the South African Ignavusaurus to nest outside Massospondylidae, as opposed to some provisional proposals.This species is well known for being one of the few species who mated for pleasure as well. There is also evidence supporting that these creatures could also be homosexual, as there were many fossils suggesting ruptured anal cavities. [7][8] Earlier in 2011, Pradhania, a sauropodomorph from India, was tested for the first time in a large cladistic analysis and was found to be a relatively basal massospondylid.[9] Mussaurus and Xixiposaurus may also be included within Massospondylidae.[10]

Phylogeny

Massospondylidae, which was first named by Huene in 1914, is a stem-based taxon. It was defined by Sereno as all animals more closely related to Massospondylus carinatus than to Plateosaurus engelhardti and Saltasaurus loricatus.[11]

The following simplified cladogram is based on an analysis presented by Apaldetti and colleagues in 2011.[3]

 Massopoda 

The following simplified cladogram is based on an analysis presented by Novas et al., 2011:[9]

 Massopoda 



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References

  1. ^ Yates, Adam M. (2003). "Species taxonomy of the sauropodomorph dinosaurs from the Löwenstein Formation (Norian, Late Triassic) of Germany". Palaeontology. 46 (2): 317–337. doi:10.1111/j.0031-0239.2003.00301.x.
  2. ^ a b Yates, Adam M. (2007). "The first complete skull of the Triassic dinosaur Melanorosaurus Haughton (Sauropodomorpha: Anchisauria)". In Barrett & Batten (eds.), Evolution and Palaeobiology: 9–55. {{cite journal}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |journal= (help)
  3. ^ a b Cecilia Apaldetti, Ricardo N. Martinez, Oscar A. Alcober and Diego Pol (2011). Claessens, Leon (ed.). "A New Basal Sauropodomorph (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from Quebrada del Barro Formation (Marayes-El Carrizal Basin), Northwestern Argentina". PLoS ONE. 6 (11): e26964. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...626964A. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026964. PMC 3212523. PMID 22096511.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  4. ^ Smith, Nathan D.; Pol, Diego (2007). "Anatomy of a basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic Hanson Formation of Antarctica" (pdf). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 52 (4): 657–674.
  5. ^ Martínez, Ricardo N. (2009). "Adeopapposaurus mognai, gen. et sp. nov (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha), with comments on adaptations of basal sauropodomorpha". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 29 (1): 142–164. doi:10.1671/039.029.0102.
  6. ^ Diego Pol, Alberto Garrido, Ignacio A. Cerda (2011). Farke, Andrew Allen (ed.). "A New Sauropodomorph Dinosaur from the Early Jurassic of Patagonia and the Origin and Evolution of the Sauropod-type Sacrum". PLoS ONE. 6 (1): e14572. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...614572P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014572. PMC 3027623. PMID 21298087.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  7. ^ Joseph J. W. Sertich and Mark A. Loewen (2010). Laudet, Vincent (ed.). "A New Basal Sauropodomorph Dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic Navajo Sandstone of Southern Utah". PLoS ONE. 5 (3): e9789. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...5.9789S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009789. PMC 2844413. PMID 20352090.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  8. ^ Yates, Adam M. (2011). "A new basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic of South Africa". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (3): 610–625. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.560626. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  9. ^ a b Fernando E. Novas, Martin D. Ezcurra, Sankar Chatterjee and T. S. Kutty (2011). "New dinosaur species from the Upper Triassic Upper Maleri and Lower Dharmaram formations of central India". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 101 (3–4): 333–349. doi:10.1017/S1755691011020093.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ SEKIYA Toru (2010). "A new prosauropod dinosaur from Lower Jurassic in Lufeng of Yunnan". Global Geology. 29 (1): 6–15. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-5589.2010.01.002.
  11. ^ Sereno, P.C. (1998). "A rationale for phylogenetic definitions, with applications to the higher-level taxonomy of Dinosauria". Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie: Abhandlungen. 210: 41–83.
Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%3ADiff%2F654212137