African Renaissance Monument: Difference between revisions
81.100.240.243 (talk) →See also: Surely this is what was intended |
Nightscream (talk | contribs) Consecutive cites of the same source in one paragraph is OVERKILL. ref names should be sensible in length; the first citation of a source, not the second, should present the full publication info. |
||
| Line 22: | Line 22: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
The '''African Renaissance Monument''' ({{lang-fr|Le Monument de la Renaissance Africaine}}) is a 49m tall [[bronze]] statue located on top of one of the twin hills known as [[Collines des Mamelles]], outside of [[Dakar]], [[Senegal]]. Built overlooking the [[Atlantic Ocean]] in the [[Ouakam]] suburb, the statue was designed by the Senegalese architect Pierre Goudiaby after an idea presented by president [[Abdoulaye Wade]] and built by [[Mansudae Overseas Projects]], a company from [[North Korea]].<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8435805.stm|title=Senegal President Wade apologises for Christ comments|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=31 December 2009|location=London|accessdate=12 July 2014|archivedate=8 October 2014|deadurl=no |archiveurl=//web.archive.org/web/20141008064506/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8435805.stm}}</ref> Site preparation on top of the 100-meter high hill began in 2006, and construction of the bronze statue began 3 April 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.polity.org.za/article/senegal-plans-quotafrican-renaissancequot-monument-2008-04-04|title=Senegal plans 'African Renaissance' monument|website=polity.org.za|date=4 April 2008|accessdate=12 July 2014|archivedate=24 December 2013|deadurl=no|archiveurl=//web.archive.org/web/20131224113712/http://www.polity.org.za/article/senegal-plans-quotafrican-renaissancequot-monument-2008-04-04}}</ref> Originally scheduled for completion in December 2009, delays stretched into early 2010, and the formal dedication occurred on 4 April 2010, Senegal's "National Day", commemorating the 50th anniversary of the [[History of Senegal|country's independence]] from [[France]].<ref name= |
The '''African Renaissance Monument''' ({{lang-fr|Le Monument de la Renaissance Africaine}}) is a 49m tall [[bronze]] statue located on top of one of the twin hills known as [[Collines des Mamelles]], outside of [[Dakar]], [[Senegal]]. Built overlooking the [[Atlantic Ocean]] in the [[Ouakam]] suburb, the statue was designed by the Senegalese architect Pierre Goudiaby after an idea presented by president [[Abdoulaye Wade]] and built by [[Mansudae Overseas Projects]], a company from [[North Korea]].<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8435805.stm|title=Senegal President Wade apologises for Christ comments|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=31 December 2009|location=London|accessdate=12 July 2014|archivedate=8 October 2014|deadurl=no |archiveurl=//web.archive.org/web/20141008064506/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8435805.stm}}</ref> Site preparation on top of the 100-meter high hill began in 2006, and construction of the bronze statue began 3 April 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.polity.org.za/article/senegal-plans-quotafrican-renaissancequot-monument-2008-04-04|title=Senegal plans 'African Renaissance' monument|website=polity.org.za|date=4 April 2008|accessdate=12 July 2014|archivedate=24 December 2013|deadurl=no|archiveurl=//web.archive.org/web/20131224113712/http://www.polity.org.za/article/senegal-plans-quotafrican-renaissancequot-monument-2008-04-04}}</ref> Originally scheduled for completion in December 2009, delays stretched into early 2010, and the formal dedication occurred on 4 April 2010, Senegal's "National Day", commemorating the 50th anniversary of the [[History of Senegal|country's independence]] from [[France]].<ref name=BBCControversy>{{cite news|url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8601382.stm|title=Senegal inaugurates controversial $27m monument|date=3 April 2010|accessdate=7 April 2010|publisher=BBC News|archivedate=7 April 2010|deadurl=no |archiveurl=//web.archive.org/web/20100407012549/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8601382.stm}}</ref> It is the [[List of statues by height|tallest statue in Africa]]. |
||
==Construction== |
==Construction== |
||
| Line 30: | Line 30: | ||
==Unveiling== |
==Unveiling== |
||
On 3 April 2010, the African Renaissance Monument was unveiled in [[Dakar]] in front of 19 African heads of state, including [[President of Malawi]] and the [[African Union]] [[Bingu wa Mutharika]], [[Jean Ping]] of the [[African Union Commission]] and the Presidents of [[Benin]], [[Cape Verde]], [[Republic of Congo]], [[Ivory Coast]], [[Gambia]], [[Liberia]], [[Mali]], [[Mauritania]] and [[Zimbabwe]], as well as representatives from [[North Korea]], and [[Jesse Jackson]] and musician [[Akon]], both from the [[United States]] |
On 3 April 2010, the African Renaissance Monument was unveiled in [[Dakar]] in front of 19 African heads of state, including [[President of Malawi]] and the [[African Union]] [[Bingu wa Mutharika]], [[Jean Ping]] of the [[African Union Commission]] and the Presidents of [[Benin]], [[Cape Verde]], [[Republic of Congo]], [[Ivory Coast]], [[Gambia]], [[Liberia]], [[Mali]], [[Mauritania]] and [[Zimbabwe]], as well as representatives from [[North Korea]], and [[Jesse Jackson]] and musician [[Akon]], both from the [[United States]], all of whom given a tour.<ref name=BBCControversy/><ref name=aljazeera1>{{cite news|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2010/04/201043101020481723.html|title=Senegal unveils statue amid protest|date=3 April 2010|accessdate=7 April 2010|agency=[[Al Jazeera]]|archiveurl=//web.archive.org/web/20100406164316/http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2010/04/201043101020481723.html|archivedate=6 April 2010|deadurl=no}}</ref> |
||
President Wade said "It brings to life our common destiny. Africa has arrived in the 21st century standing tall and more ready than ever to take its destiny into its hands".<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/apr/04/senegal-african-renaissance-statue|title=Senegalese president unveils £17m African Resistance statue|date=4 April 2010|accessdate=7 April 2010|work=[[The Guardian]]|location=London|first=Peter|last=Walker|archiveurl=//web.archive.org/web/20100407070927/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/apr/04/senegal-african-renaissance-statue|archivedate=7 April 2010|deadurl=no}}</ref> President Bingu said "This monument does not belong to Senegal. It belongs to the African people wherever we are".<ref name="Senegal unveils colossal statue amid criticism">{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/africa/04/03/senegal.statue/?hpt=T2|title=Senegal unveils colossal statue amid criticism|date=3 April 2010|accessdate=7 April 2010|agency=[[CNN]]| archiveurl=//web.archive.org/web/20100407073634/http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/africa/04/03/senegal.statue/?hpt=T2|archivedate=7 April 2010|deadurl=no}}</ref> |
President Wade said "It brings to life our common destiny. Africa has arrived in the 21st century standing tall and more ready than ever to take its destiny into its hands".<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/apr/04/senegal-african-renaissance-statue|title=Senegalese president unveils £17m African Resistance statue|date=4 April 2010|accessdate=7 April 2010|work=[[The Guardian]]|location=London|first=Peter|last=Walker|archiveurl=//web.archive.org/web/20100407070927/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/apr/04/senegal-african-renaissance-statue|archivedate=7 April 2010|deadurl=no}}</ref> President Bingu said "This monument does not belong to Senegal. It belongs to the African people wherever we are".<ref name="Senegal unveils colossal statue amid criticism">{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/africa/04/03/senegal.statue/?hpt=T2|title=Senegal unveils colossal statue amid criticism|date=3 April 2010|accessdate=7 April 2010|agency=[[CNN]]| archiveurl=//web.archive.org/web/20100407073634/http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/africa/04/03/senegal.statue/?hpt=T2|archivedate=7 April 2010|deadurl=no}}</ref> |
||
==Criticism== |
==Criticism== |
||
===Expense=== |
===Expense=== |
||
Thousands of people protested against "all the failures of [President] Wade's regime, the least of which is this horrible statue" on the city's streets beforehand, with riot police deployed to maintain control.<ref name= |
Thousands of people protested against "all the failures of [President] Wade's regime, the least of which is this horrible statue" on the city's streets beforehand, with riot police deployed to maintain control.<ref name=BBCControversy/> Deputy leader of the opposition [[Ndeye Fatou Toure]] described the monument as an "economic monster and a financial scandal in the context of the current [economic] crisis". |
||
The colossal statue has been criticized for its cost at [[United States dollar|US$]] 27 million ([[Pound sign|£]]16.6m).<ref name="autogenerated1"/> The payment was made in kind, with 30 to 40 hectares of land that will be sponsored <!-- mis en valeur ? --> by a Senegalese businessman.<ref>Confidences de Serigne Mamadou Bousso Lèye, ministre sénégalais de la Culture et de la Francophonie », Jeune Afrique, no 2551, du 29 novembre au 5 décembre 2009, p. 41.</ref> |
The colossal statue has been criticized for its cost at [[United States dollar|US$]] 27 million ([[Pound sign|£]]16.6m).<ref name="autogenerated1"/> The payment was made in kind, with 30 to 40 hectares of land that will be sponsored <!-- mis en valeur ? --> by a Senegalese businessman.<ref>Confidences de Serigne Mamadou Bousso Lèye, ministre sénégalais de la Culture et de la Francophonie », Jeune Afrique, no 2551, du 29 novembre au 5 décembre 2009, p. 41.</ref> |
||
Revision as of 15:11, 28 March 2015
| File:Le Monument de la Renaissance africaine.jpg | |
 | |
| Location | Ouakam suburb, Dakar, Senegal |
|---|---|
| Designer | Pierre Goudiaby |
| Type | statue |
| Material | bronze |
| Height | 49 m (160ft) |
| Beginning date | 2006 |
| Completion date | 2010 |
| Opening date | April 4, 2010 |
The African Renaissance Monument (Template:Lang-fr) is a 49m tall bronze statue located on top of one of the twin hills known as Collines des Mamelles, outside of Dakar, Senegal. Built overlooking the Atlantic Ocean in the Ouakam suburb, the statue was designed by the Senegalese architect Pierre Goudiaby after an idea presented by president Abdoulaye Wade and built by Mansudae Overseas Projects, a company from North Korea.[1] Site preparation on top of the 100-meter high hill began in 2006, and construction of the bronze statue began 3 April 2008.[2] Originally scheduled for completion in December 2009, delays stretched into early 2010, and the formal dedication occurred on 4 April 2010, Senegal's "National Day", commemorating the 50th anniversary of the country's independence from France.[3] It is the tallest statue in Africa.
Construction
The monument is made of 3-centimetre thick metal sheets and depicts a family group emerging from a mountaintop: a full-length statue of a young woman, a man, and held aloft on the man's raised left arm, a child resolutely pointing west towards the sea. Construction of the bronze statue group was carried out by the North Korean firm Mansudae Overseas Project Group of Companies.[4]
The project was launched by then Senegalese president Abdoulaye Wade who considered it part of Senegal's prestige projects, aimed at providing monuments to herald a new era of African Renaissance.
Unveiling
On 3 April 2010, the African Renaissance Monument was unveiled in Dakar in front of 19 African heads of state, including President of Malawi and the African Union Bingu wa Mutharika, Jean Ping of the African Union Commission and the Presidents of Benin, Cape Verde, Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Gambia, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania and Zimbabwe, as well as representatives from North Korea, and Jesse Jackson and musician Akon, both from the United States, all of whom given a tour.[3][5]
President Wade said "It brings to life our common destiny. Africa has arrived in the 21st century standing tall and more ready than ever to take its destiny into its hands".[6] President Bingu said "This monument does not belong to Senegal. It belongs to the African people wherever we are".[7]
Criticism
Expense
Thousands of people protested against "all the failures of [President] Wade's regime, the least of which is this horrible statue" on the city's streets beforehand, with riot police deployed to maintain control.[3] Deputy leader of the opposition Ndeye Fatou Toure described the monument as an "economic monster and a financial scandal in the context of the current [economic] crisis".
The colossal statue has been criticized for its cost at US$ 27 million (£16.6m).[1] The payment was made in kind, with 30 to 40 hectares of land that will be sponsored by a Senegalese businessman.[8]
Style
Senegalese opposition leaders have also questioned the style of the project, labelling it "Stalinist", while art critics have pointed out that the body shapes are cartoon-like, with only vaguely African facial features.[1] It has also been suggested that the monument is a stark representation of the macho sexism of African authoritarian rulers.[9] The statue's design has been derided internationally because of false claims of its Senegalese origin, actually having been designed by a Romanian architect and built by a North Korean sculpting company famous for various projects and large statues throughout Africa since the 1970s.[10] It was a poorly received piece by art critics around the world after its much-delayed unveiling in 2010, and has been compared by some to the infamous (and now-abandoned) Christopher Columbus statue project that was underway in Cataño, Puerto Rico in the late 1990s and early 2000s.[11] Local imams argue that a statue depicting a human figure is idolatrous, and object to the perceived immodesty of the semi-nude male and female figures.[12]
In December 2009, president Abdoulaye Wade apologised to Senegal's Christian minority for comparing the statue to Jesus Christ.[1]
Revenue
The project has also attracted controversy due to Wade's claim to the intellectual property rights of the statue, and insisting that he is entitled to 35 percent of the profits raised.[12] Opposition figures have sharply criticised Wade's plan to claim intellectual property rights, insisting that the president cannot claim copyright over ideas conceived as a function of his public office.[13][1]
Local artists
Ousmane Sow, a world-renowned Senegalese sculptor, also objected to the use of North Korean builders, saying it was anything but a symbol of African Renaissance and nothing to do with art.[14]
Gallery of images
Monument as seen from afar- Le Monument de la Renaissance africaineLe Monument de la Renaissance africaine
- taken from the steps of the monument at nighttaken from the steps of the monument at night
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e "Senegal President Wade apologises for Christ comments". London: BBC News. 31 December 2009. Archived from the original on 8 October 2014. Retrieved 12 July 2014.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Senegal plans 'African Renaissance' monument". polity.org.za. 4 April 2008. Archived from the original on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 12 July 2014.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c "Senegal inaugurates controversial $27m monument". BBC News. 3 April 2010. Archived from the original on 7 April 2010. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ « Sénégal : report de l'inauguration du monument de la Résistance Africaine », dépêche AFP mise en ligne par Le Monde, 13 November 2009
- ^ "Senegal unveils statue amid protest". Al Jazeera. 3 April 2010. Archived from the original on 6 April 2010. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Walker, Peter (4 April 2010). "Senegalese president unveils £17m African Resistance statue". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 7 April 2010. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Senegal unveils colossal statue amid criticism". CNN. 3 April 2010. Archived from the original on 7 April 2010. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Confidences de Serigne Mamadou Bousso Lèye, ministre sénégalais de la Culture et de la Francophonie », Jeune Afrique, no 2551, du 29 novembre au 5 décembre 2009, p. 41.
- ^ Look, Anne (21 January 2010). "Senegal's colossal statue stirs big controversy". GlobalPost. Retrieved 12 July 2014.
- ^ O’Toole, Sean (May 2012). "Made in Pyongyang". Frieze Magazine. Retrieved 12 July 2014.
- ^ Knutsen, Elise (8 November 2012). "Gender Studies in Dakar: The African Renaissance Monument". Forbes. Retrieved 12 July 2014.
- ^ a b Leighton, Caspar (11 December 2009). "Senegal imams use prayers to condemn giant statue". London: BBC News. Retrieved 12 July 2014.
- ^ Sy, Tidiane (16 November 2009). "Senegal colossus proves sore point". London: BBC News. Retrieved 12 July 2014.
- ^ Soares, Claire (9 January 2010). "A monumental folly in Senegal". The Independent. London: INM. ISSN 0951-9467. OCLC 185201487. Retrieved 12 July 2014.