Throbbing Gristle
Throbbing Gristle performing live in 2008
Background information
Origin	Kingston upon Hull, England
Genres	Industrial, avant-garde, electronic, experimental, performance art, noise, dark ambient, noise rock, post-punk
Years active	1975–1981, 2004–2010
Labels	Industrial Records Mute Records
Past members	Peter Christopherson Cosey Fanni Tutti Chris Carter Genesis P-Orridge
Website	www.throbbing-gristle.com

Throbbing Gristle was an English industrial, avant-garde music and visual arts group that evolved from the performance art group COUM Transmissions. The band consisted of Genesis P-Orridge (born Neil Megson - bass guitar, violin, vocals, vibraphone), Cosey Fanni Tutti (born Christine Newby - guitars, cornet, vocals), Peter "Sleazy" Christopherson (tapes, found sounds, horns, piano, vibraphone, synthesizer), and Chris Carter (synthesizers, tapes, electronics).

Formed in 1975, the band is widely viewed^{[by whom?]}, along with contemporaries such as Cabaret Voltaire, as having created the industrial music genre. The group disbanded in 1981, but the individual members went on to participate in numerous other projects, and reformed in 2004 for a second stint before disbanding again in 2010 after the death of Peter Christopherson.

Throbbing Gristle evolved from the performance art group COUM Transmissions, which was formed in Kingston Upon Hull, England, by a group of performers centered on Genesis P-Orridge and Cosey Fanni Tutti. The final performance of COUM Transmissions in 1976 was the debut of Throbbing Gristle.

Throbbing Gristle's confrontational live performances and use of often disturbing imagery, including pornography and photographs of Nazi concentration camps, gave the group a notorious reputation. However the group always maintained that their mission was to challenge and explore the darker and obsessive sides of the human condition rather than to make attractive music. Throbbing Gristle made extensive use of pre-recorded tape-based 'samples'^[1] and special effects to produce a distinctive, highly distorted background, usually accompanied by lyrics or spoken-word performances by Cosey Fanni Tutti or Genesis P-Orridge. Though they asserted they wanted to provoke their audience into thinking for themselves rather than pushing any specific agenda (as evidenced by the song "Don't Do As You're Told, Do As You Think" on Heathen Earth), Throbbing Gristle also frequently associated with the anarchist punk scene. They appeared in the fanzine Toxic Grafity, with a condensation of their own propaganda parody series, Industrial News.^[2]

In 1977, they released their debut single United/Zyklon B Zombie, followed by an album, Second Annual Report. Although pressed in a limited initial run of 786 copies on the band's own Industrial Records label, it was later re-released due to high demand on Mute records, however this later release was reversed with all tracks playing backwards and in reverse order. This was followed by a series of albums, singles and live performances over a four-year period.

On 29 May 1981, Throbbing Gristle performed at the Kezar Pavilion in San Francisco, California, United States. This concert marked the end of the group and its mission. As Cosey succinctly put it, "TG broke up because me and Gen broke up".^{[citation needed]}

Genesis P-Orridge and Peter Christopherson went on to form Psychic TV, while Cosey Fanni Tutti and Carter continued to record together under the names of Chris and Cosey, Carter Tutti and Creative Technology Institute. Christopherson later went on to become half of the band Coil with his partner and fellow Psychic TV member, the late John Balance. Meanwhile, Gen (now known as Genesis Breyer P-Orridge) subsequently formed Thee Majesty and PTV3 with the help of his wife, the late Jacqueline "Jaye" Breyer.

In 2004, Throbbing Gristle reunited for a brief while to record and release the limited album TG Now. On 2 April 2007, TG released the album Part Two, which the group had finished recording in Berlin. With the exception of TG Now, it was their first studio album in twenty five years. It was originally set to be released by Mute in September 2006 but was delayed for unknown reasons.

In March 2007, Side-Line announced Part Two's final release date, adding that a string of special live events would take place in 2007.^[3]

A 7-disc DVD set, titled TGV, was issued in 2007.^[4] The set contains old and new footage of the band. "TGV" came packaged in a deluxe box with a 64-page book, all designed by Christopherson.^[5]

The group performed a re-interpretation of their debut album The Second Annual Report twice in 2008 to mark thirty years since the original release.^[6] The performance in Paris on 6 June was issued as a limited edition framed vinyl set entitled The Thirty-Second Annual Report, which was limited to 777 copies (as the group claim the original was, although other sources claim that there were 785).^[7]

Throbbing Gristle worked to record an album based on their interpretation of Nico's album Desertshore.^[8] The group issued the entirety of the recording sessions for this album as a limited edition 12CD set packaged in a custom CD wallet, The Desertshore Installation, which sold out via mail order from the group's website.^[9]

In April 2009, Throbbing Gristle toured the United States, appearing at the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, and Chicago. A new release was made available at these shows, The Third Mind Movements, which was edited from jams recorded during the Desertshore recording sessions.

A collaboration with Cerith Wyn Evans titled A=P=P=A=R=I=T=I=O=N was displayed at Tramway, Glasgow from the 7 August to 27 September 2009. Throbbing Gristle contributed a multi-channel soundtrack that was played through sixteen hanging Audio Spotlight sound panels that Evans had incorporated into his sculpture.^[10]

In November 2009, Throbbing Gristle and Industrial Records released their version of the Buddha Machine called Gristleism. It was designed by Throbbing Gristle and Christiaan Virant based on FM3's design. Gristleism offers more loops and almost twice the frequency range of the Buddha Machine. The player comes in three colors: black, chrome and red.^[11]

On 29 October 2010, Throbbing Gristle announced on their website that Genesis P-Orridge had informed them that he was no longer willing to perform with Throbbing Gristle and would be returning to his home in New York. Chris, Cosey and Christopherson would finish the tour under the name X-TG.

P-Orridge's website stated that he had not quit Throbbing Gristle and had just stopped participating on the current tour, it also said that an explanation would be released when all things were cleared up. However, on 24 November 2010, Christopherson died in his sleep at the age of 55, and the band subsequently dissolved.^[12]

In 2011, Industrial Records had an official "re-activation" as TG's contract with Mute Records had expired. Since TG has permanently disbanded following the death of Christopherson, the label's plan is to re-release the original TG albums (The Second Annual Report, D.o.A: The Third and Final Report, 20 Jazz Funk Greats, Heathen Earth, and Greatest Hits) on the label. Originally intended to be released en masse on 26 September 2011, they had to delay due to a Sony DADC warehouse fire in London. The plan changed to issue each album chronologically once per week starting on Halloween 2011 with The Second Annual Report and ending 28 November with Greatest Hits.^[13]

Industrial Records announced that a double album, called Desertshore/The Final Report, would be released on November 26, 2012. Chris and Cosey produced the album, with the participation of guest vocalists Antony Hegarty (from Antony and the Johnsons), Blixa Bargeld (from Einstürzende Neubauten), Marc Almond (from Soft Cell), film director Gaspar Noé, and former pornstar Sasha Grey.^[14]

A group decision had been made prior to Christopherson's death that the album would be recorded afresh, as they were not satisfied with the ICA recordings. Christopherson had been the driving force behind the project and had been working on the record in Bangkok with Danny Hyde, even getting custom instruments made to use for the album. "It was Sleazy's project, then Cosey and Sleazy's, then I came in on it," Carter explained in an interview with The Quietus.^[15] After Christopherson died, the Desertshore instruments were given to Carter and Cosey and they have been combining the recordings he had been making with the work they had done themselves.^[16] They have announced plans to debut the album live at AV Festival on 17 March 2012 accompanied by a screening of Philippe Garrel’s The Inner Scar "for which Desertshore was soundtrack and inspiration".^[17]

Throbbing Gristle were noted ^{[by whom?]} for their live performances, which were often experimental and quite different from their recorded work^{[citation needed]}. In addition to studio albums, a large number of recordings of live shows have been released.

During Throbbing Gristle's extensive career they have released numerous volumes of music including studio albums, live releases as well as box sets.

• Post-punk

• RE/Search: Industrial Culture Handbook
• "Rip It up and Start Again: Postpunk 1978–1984", Simon Reynolds
• "Wreckers of Civilization: The Story of Coum Transmissions and Throbbing Gristle", Simon Ford, Black Dog Publishing, 2001 [3]
• "Industrial Music For Industrial People", Éric Duboys, Camion Blanc, 2007 (In French) [4]
• 20 Jazz Funk Greats (33⅓) (Paperback) "20 Jazz Funk Greats by Drew Daniel for 33⅓ music series"

• Throbbing-Gristle.com Official website
• Throbbing Gristle at Brainwashed
• Gristleism - Official Gristleism website
• Throbbing Gristle - Active Facebook Group
• Genesis P-Orridge interview by Tony Oursler