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|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|ɣ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|ɣ}}</big>
|Instead of the "{{IPAlink|ɡ}}" sound in South dialects.
|Instead of the "{{IPAlink|ɡ}}" sound in South dialects.
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|j}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|j}}</big>
|'''е'''сть; '''ю'''ла; '''я'''<ref>The "soft" vowel letters <е> <ю> and <я> represent a {{IPA|/j/}} plus a vowel when initial or following other vowels or a yer. When such vowels are unstressed, the {{IPA|/j/}} may be deleted.</ref>
|'''е'''сть; '''ю'''ла; '''я'''<ref>The "soft" vowel letters <е> <ю> and <я> represent a {{IPA|/j/}} plus a vowel when initial or following other vowels or a yer. When such vowels are unstressed, the {{IPA|/j/}} may be deleted.</ref>
Line 96: Line 97:
|'''t'''ool; '''t'''une (for some [[IPA chart for English dialects|dialects]])
|'''t'''ool; '''t'''une (for some [[IPA chart for English dialects|dialects]])
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|t͡s}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|ʦ}}</big>
|'''ц'''ель; пти'''ц'''а; оте'''ц'''
|'''ц'''ель; пти'''ц'''а; оте'''ц'''
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|t͡ɕ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|ʨ}}</big>
|'''ч'''ай; пе'''ч'''ень; те'''ч'''ь
|'''ч'''ай; пе'''ч'''ень; те'''ч'''ь
|'''ts'''unami, ca'''ts'''; '''ch'''ip
|'''ts'''unami, ca'''ts'''; '''ch'''ip
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|'''ж'''ест; тя'''ж'''ёлый
|'''ж'''ест; тя'''ж'''ёлый
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|ʑ|showsymbol=ʑː}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|ʑ|showsymbol=ʑː}}</big>
|дро'''жж'''и; зае'''зж'''ать<ref>In the Moscow dialect.</ref>
|дро'''жж'''и; зае'''зж'''ать<ref>Sometimes "ʐ".</ref>
|rou'''g'''e; a'''si'''a
|rou'''g'''e; a'''si'''a
|}
|}

Revision as of 15:46, 27 December 2012

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Russian language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

See Russian phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Russian.

IPA Examples IPA Examples[1] English approximation
Consonants
b бок; небо bʲ беглый; воробей boot; beautiful
d дом; деда dʲ делает; Владимир do; adieu
f фата; выставка;[2] Чехов;[3] шурф fʲ фея; червь[3] fool; few
ɡ говорю; другой ɡʲ гербарий; ноги goo; argue
ɣ Instead of the "ɡ" sound in South dialects.
j есть; юла; я[4] yes, boy
k кость; книга; рука; бок kʲ кишки; короткий cool; cute
ɫ луна; стула ; ствол lʲ лес; колено; мысль pill; least
m мыло; думать; там mʲ мясо; доме moot; mute
n нос; он nʲ нёс; они; корень noon; newt (for some dialects)
p пыль; тропа; скрип; зуб[3] pʲ пепел; зыбь[3] pool; pew
r рыба; широкий; орла; жир rʲ река; четыре; три; зверь trilled r, like in Spanish
s собака; писать; нос; глаз[3] sʲ синий; здесь; есть; грызть[2] soup; assume (for some dialects)
ʂ широкий; наш; хороший; муж;[3] что ɕ щегол; считать; мужчина; вращать[5] shop; fish show, fresh cheese
t тот; читаю; водка;[2] лёд[3] tʲ тереть; дитя; грудь[3] tool; tune (for some dialects)
ʦ цель; птица; отец ʨ чай; печень; течь tsunami, cats; chip
v ваш; давать; его[6] vʲ вести; человек voodoo; view
x ходить; ухо; Бог xʲ хина; лёгкий bach; huge (for some dialects).
z заезжать; язык zʲ зелёный; озеро; просьба;[2] zoo; azure (for some dialects)
ʐ жест; тяжёлый ʑ дрожжи; заезжать[7] rouge; asia
IPA Examples English approximation
Stressed vowels
a трава́ father
æ пять pat
ɑ па́лка[8] palm
e пень pay
ɛ жест; э́то met
i си́него meet
ɨ ты; ши́шка roses (for some dialects)
o о́блако chore
ɵ тётя audio
u пу́ля moon
ʉ чуть; ю́жный choose
Unstressed vowels
ɐ паро́м; сообража́ть; тропа́ bud
ə ко́жа; ше́я; о́блако about
ɪ тяжёлый; эта́п; четы́ре bit
ɨ дыша́ть; жена́; го́ды dinner
ʉ юти́ться youth
ʊ мужчи́на put
Other symbols used in transcription of Russian pronunciation
IPA Explanation
ˈ Stress (placed before the stressed syllable),
for example этап [ɪˈtap]

Notes

  1. ^ Russian makes contrasts between palatalized ("soft") and unpalatalized ("hard") consonants. Palatalized consonants, denoted by a superscript j, ‹ ʲ› , are pronounced with the body of the tongue raised toward the hard palate, in a manner similar to the articulation of the y sound in yes. /j/, /ɕː/, /tɕ/, /ʑː/ are also considered "soft".
  2. ^ a b c d In consonant clusters, the voicing or devoicing is determined by that of the final obstruent in the sequence (Halle 1959:31)
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Voiced obstruents (/b/, /bʲ/, /d/, /dʲ/ /ɡ/, /v/, /vʲ/, /z/, /zʲ/, /ʐ/, and /ʑː/) are devoiced word-finally unless the next word begins with a voiced obstruent (Halle 1959:22).
  4. ^ The "soft" vowel letters <е> <ю> and <я> represent a /j/ plus a vowel when initial or following other vowels or a yer. When such vowels are unstressed, the /j/ may be deleted.
  5. ^ While many speakers pronounce words with ‹щ› as [ɕɕ] and others as [ɕtɕ], none contrast the two pronunciations. This generally includes words spelled with other letters, though speakers with the [ɕɕ] pronunciation may still pronounce words like считывать with [ɕtɕ] because of the morpheme boundary between ‹с› and ‹ч›.
  6. ^ Intervocalic <г> can represent /v/ in certain words and affixes
  7. ^ Sometimes "ʐ".
  8. ^ [ɑ] appears between a hard consonant (or a pause) and /ɫ/

See also

References

Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%3ADiff%2F529992722