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[[File:Learning Arabic calligraphy.jpg|thumb|250px|Qalams as used in calligraphy.]] |
[[File:Learning Arabic calligraphy.jpg|thumb|250px|Qalams as used in calligraphy.]] |
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A '''qalam''' ([[Arabic language|Arabic]]/[[Persian language|Persian]]/[[Urdu]]: {{Nastaliq|قلم}}, {{lang-hi|क़लम}}) is a type of pen made from a dried [[Phragmites|reed]], used for [[Islamic calligraphy]]. The word derives from the [[Greek language|Greek]] word κάλαμος, meaning [[Reed (plant)|reed]]. In modern [[Arabic language|Arabic]], [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Turkish language|Turkish]] and [[Kurdish language|Kurdish]], the word simply means "pen" or "pencil", while in [[Hindi]] and [[Urdu]], the word solely means "pen". It is also the name of a system of [[Arabic transliteration]], suggested in [[1985]]. [http://eserver.org/langs/qalam.txt] |
A '''qalam''' ([[Arabic language|Arabic]]/[[Persian language|Persian]]/[[Urdu]]: {{Nastaliq|قلم}}, {{lang-hi|क़लम}}) is a type of pen made from a dried [[Phragmites|reed]], used for [[Islamic calligraphy]]. The word derives from the [[Greek language|Greek]] word κάλαμος, meaning [[Reed (plant)|reed]]. In modern [[Arabic language|Arabic]], [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Turkish language|Turkish]] and [[Kurdish language|Kurdish]], the word simply means "pen" or "pencil", while in [[Hindi]] and [[Urdu]], the word solely means "pen". It is also the name of a system of [[Arabic transliteration]], suggested in [[1985]]. [http://eserver.org/langs/qalam.txt] |
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Qalam occurs several times in the holy book of the Muslims, the |
Qalam occurs several times in the holy book of the Muslims, the Qur'aan, and even one whole Sura of the Koran, Sura 68, is called Al-Qalam. |
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[[File:ECI-inkpot-pen.png|250px|thumb|A ''qalam'' ([[Arabic language|Arabic]]/[[Persian language|Persian]]/[[Urdu]]: {{Nastaliq|قلم}}) (pen) and a ''dawaat'' ([[Arabic language|Arabic]]/[[Persian language|Persian]]/[[Urdu]]: {{Nastaliq|دوات}}) (Inkpot).]] |
[[File:ECI-inkpot-pen.png|250px|thumb|A ''qalam'' ([[Arabic language|Arabic]]/[[Persian language|Persian]]/[[Urdu]]: {{Nastaliq|قلم}}) (pen) and a ''dawaat'' ([[Arabic language|Arabic]]/[[Persian language|Persian]]/[[Urdu]]: {{Nastaliq|دوات}}) (Inkpot).]] |
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Revision as of 16:36, 9 March 2012
A qalam (Arabic/Persian/Urdu: قلم, Template:Lang-hi) is a type of pen made from a dried reed, used for Islamic calligraphy. The word derives from the Greek word κάλαμος, meaning reed. In modern Arabic, Persian, Turkish and Kurdish, the word simply means "pen" or "pencil", while in Hindi and Urdu, the word solely means "pen". It is also the name of a system of Arabic transliteration, suggested in 1985. [1] Qalam occurs several times in the holy book of the Muslims, the Qur'aan, and even one whole Sura of the Koran, Sura 68, is called Al-Qalam.
Qalam transliteration
| Arabic letters | ا | ب | ت | ث | ج | ح | خ | د | ذ | ر | ز | س | ش | ص | ض | ط | ظ | ع | غ | ف | ق | ك | ل | م | ن | ه | و | ي / ى[1] |
| DIN 31635 | ʾ / ā | b | t | ṯ | ǧ | ḥ | ḫ | d | ḏ | r | z | s | š | ṣ | ḍ | ṭ | ẓ | ʿ | ġ | f | q | k | l | m | n | h | w / ū | y / ī |
| Buckwalter | A | v | j | H | x | * | $ | S | D | T | Z | E | g | w | y | |||||||||||||
| Qalam | ' / aa | th | kh | dh | sh | ` | gh | |||||||||||||||||||||
| BATR | A / aa | c | K | z' | x | E | g | w / uu | y / ii | |||||||||||||||||||
| IPA (MSA) | ʔ, aː | b | t | θ | dʒ ɡ ʒ |
ħ | x χ |
d | ð | r | z | s | ʃ | sˤ | dˤ | tˤ | ðˤ zˤ |
ʕ | ɣ ʁ |
f | q | k | l | m | n | h | w, uː | j, iː |