Massospondylidae: Difference between revisions

Massospondylidae; Temporal range: Late Triassic - Early Jurassic, Norian–Pliensbachian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	An example of Massospondylidae, Lufengosaurus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Dinosauria
Clade:	Saurischia
Clade:	†Sauropodomorpha
Clade:	†Massopoda
Family:	†Massospondylidae; Huene, 1914
Type species
	Massospondylus carinatus; Owen, 1854

Massospondylidae is a family of massopod sauropodomorphs.^[1]^[2] Massospondylids are early sauropodomorph dinosaurs which existed in Asia, Africa and South America during the Late Triassic to the Early Jurassic periods. Although several dinosaurs have been classified as massospondylids over the years, the largest cladistic analysis of early sauropodomorphs presented by Apaldetti and colleagues in November 2011, found Adeopapposaurus, Coloradisaurus, Glacialisaurus, Massospondylus, Leyesaurus and Lufengosaurus to be valid massospondylids.^[3] This result supports many previous analyses which tested less taxa.^[2]^[4]^[5]^[6] However, this analysis found the two recently described North American massopods, Sarahsaurus and Seitaad, to nest outside Massospondylidae, as opposed to some provisional proposals.^[7] Earlier in 2011, Pradhania, a sauropodomorph from India was tested for the first time in a large cladistic analysis and was found to be a relatively basal massospondylid.^[8] Mussaurus and Xixiposaurus may be included within Massospondylidae, too.^[9]

Phylogeny

Massospondylidae, which was first named by Huene in 1914, is a stem-based taxon and it was defined by Sereno as all animals more closely related to Massospondylus carinatus than to Plateosaurus engelhardti and Saltasaurus loricatus.^[10]

The following cladogram simplified after an analysis presented by Apaldetti and colleagues in 2011.^[3]

Massopoda

Riojasauridae

	Eucnemesaurus

	Riojasaurus

	Ignavusaurus

	Sarahsaurus

Massospondylidae

	Coloradisaurus

	Glacialisaurus

	Lufengosaurus

Massospondylus

	Adeopapposaurus

	Leyesaurus

Yunnanosaurus

Jingshanosaurus

Seitaad

Anchisauria

Anchisaurus

	Aardonyx

	Sauropoda

The following cladogram simplified after an analysis presented by Novas et al., 2011:^[8]

Massopoda

Riojasauridae

	Eucnemesaurus

	Riojasaurus

Massospondylidae

Massospondylus

Pradhania

Coloradisaurus

	Lufengosaurus

	Glacialisaurus

Anchisauria

Yunnanosaurus

Jingshanosaurus

Anchisaurus

	Melanorosaurus

	Sauropoda

References

^ Yates, Adam M. (2003). "Species taxonomy of the sauropodomorph dinosaurs from the Löwenstein Formation (Norian, Late Triassic) of Germany". Palaeontology. 46 (2): 317–337.
^ ^a ^b Yates, Adam M. (2007). "The first complete skull of the Triassic dinosaur Melanorosaurus Haughton (Sauropodomorpha: Anchisauria)". In Barrett & Batten (eds.), Evolution and Palaeobiology: 9–55. {{cite journal}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |journal= (help)
^ ^a ^b "A New Basal Sauropodomorph (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from Quebrada del Barro Formation (Marayes-El Carrizal Basin), Northwestern Argentina". PLoS ONE. 6 (11): e26964. 2011. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026964. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
^ Smith, Nathan D. (2007). "Anatomy of a basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic Hanson Formation of Antarctica" (pdf). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 52 (4): 657–674. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
^ Martínez, Ricardo N. (2009). "Adeopapposaurus mognai, gen. et sp. nov (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha), with comments on adaptations of basal sauropodomorpha". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 29 (1): 142–164. doi:10.1671/039.029.0102.
^ "A New Sauropodomorph Dinosaur from the Early Jurassic of Patagonia and the Origin and Evolution of the Sauropod-type Sacrum". PLoS ONE. 6 (1): e14572. 2011. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014572. PMC 3027623. PMID 21298087. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
^ Joseph J. W. Sertich and Mark A. Loewen (2010). "A New Basal Sauropodomorph Dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic Navajo Sandstone of Southern Utah". PLoS ONE. 5 (3): e9789. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009789.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
^ ^a ^b Fernando E. Novas, Martin D. Ezcurra, Sankar Chatterjee and T. S. Kutty (2011). "New dinosaur species from the Upper Triassic Upper Maleri and Lower Dharmaram formations of central India". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 101 (3–4): 333–349. doi:10.1017/S1755691011020093.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ SEKIYA Toru (2010). "A new prosauropod dinosaur from Lower Jurassic in Lufeng of Yunnan". Global Geology. 29 (1): 6–15. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-5589.2010.01.002.
^ Sereno, P.C. (1998). "A rationale for phylogenetic definitions, with applications to the higher-level taxonomy of Dinosauria". Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie: Abhandlungen. 210: 41–83.

[Y03-1] Yates, Adam M. (2003). "Species taxonomy of the sauropodomorph dinosaurs from the Löwenstein Formation (Norian, Late Triassic) of Germany". Palaeontology. 46 (2): 317–337.

[Y07-2] Yates, Adam M. (2007). "The first complete skull of the Triassic dinosaur Melanorosaurus Haughton (Sauropodomorpha: Anchisauria)". In Barrett & Batten (eds.), Evolution and Palaeobiology: 9–55. {{cite journal}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |journal= (help)

[Leyesaurus-3] "A New Basal Sauropodomorph (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from Quebrada del Barro Formation (Marayes-El Carrizal Basin), Northwestern Argentina". PLoS ONE. 6 (11): e26964. 2011. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026964. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

[SP07-4] Smith, Nathan D. (2007). "Anatomy of a basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic Hanson Formation of Antarctica" (pdf). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 52 (4): 657–674. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

[RNM09-5] Martínez, Ricardo N. (2009). "Adeopapposaurus mognai, gen. et sp. nov (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha), with comments on adaptations of basal sauropodomorpha". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 29 (1): 142–164. doi:10.1671/039.029.0102.

[Poletal2011-6] "A New Sauropodomorph Dinosaur from the Early Jurassic of Patagonia and the Origin and Evolution of the Sauropod-type Sacrum". PLoS ONE. 6 (1): e14572. 2011. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014572. PMC 3027623. PMID 21298087. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

[Seitaad-7] Joseph J. W. Sertich and Mark A. Loewen (2010). "A New Basal Sauropodomorph Dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic Navajo Sandstone of Southern Utah". PLoS ONE. 5 (3): e9789. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009789.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

[Indiansaupo-8] Fernando E. Novas, Martin D. Ezcurra, Sankar Chatterjee and T. S. Kutty (2011). "New dinosaur species from the Upper Triassic Upper Maleri and Lower Dharmaram formations of central India". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 101 (3–4): 333–349. doi:10.1017/S1755691011020093.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[Sekiya-9] SEKIYA Toru (2010). "A new prosauropod dinosaur from Lower Jurassic in Lufeng of Yunnan". Global Geology. 29 (1): 6–15. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-5589.2010.01.002.

[sereno1998-10] Sereno, P.C. (1998). "A rationale for phylogenetic definitions, with applications to the higher-level taxonomy of Dinosauria". Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie: Abhandlungen. 210: 41–83.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Automatic taxobox
-{{Taxobox
-| name = '''Massospondylidae'''
+| name = Massospondylidae
-| fossil_range = [[Late Triassic]] - [[Early Jurassic]]
+| fossil_range = [[Late Triassic]] - [[Early Jurassic]], {{fossil range|Norian|Pliensbachian}}
 | image = Lufengosaurus sketch2.jpg
-| image_width = 200px
+| image_width = 250px
-| image_caption = An example of Massospondylidae, ''[[Lufengosaurus]]''.
+| image_caption = An example of Massospondylidae, ''[[Lufengosaurus]]''
+| authority = [[Friedrich von Huene |Huene]], 1914
-| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
+| type_species = ''[[Massospondylus carinatus]]''
-| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
+| type_species_authority = [[Richard Owen|Owen]], [[1854 in paleontology|1854]]
-| classis = [[Reptile|Sauropsida]]
-| superordo = [[Dinosaur]]ia
-| ordo = [[Saurischia]]
-| subordo = [[Sauropodomorpha]]
-| infraordo = [[Prosauropoda]]
-| familia = '''Massospondylidae'''
 | subdivision_ranks = [[Genus|Genera]]
+| display_parents = 1
-| subdivision =
+| display_children = 1
-*''[[Adeopapposaurus]]''
-*''[[Coloradisaurus]]''
-*''[[Glacialisaurus]]''
-*''[[Jingshanosaurus]]''
-*''[[Lufengosaurus]]''
-*''[[Massospondylus]]''
-*''[[Yunnanosaurus]]''
 }}
-'''Massospondylidae''' is a [[dinosaur]] family of the [[Infraorder]] [[Prosauropoda]]. The Massospondylidae were part of the [[suborder]] [[Sauropodomorpha]], which were long-necked, herbivorous dinosaurs. Massospondylidae may include  ''[[Adeopapposaurus]]'', ''[[Coloradisaurus]]'', ''[[Glacialisaurus]]'', ''[[Lufengosaurus]]'', ''[[Massospondylus]]'', ''[[Yunnanosaurus]]'', and ''[[Jingshanosaurus]]''; recent [[phylogeny|phylogenetic]] analyses have found a core of ''Coloradisaurus'', ''Lufengosaurus'' and ''Massospondylus'',<ref name="Yates">{{Cite book| first =Adam M.| last =Yates| author-link =| editor-last =Barrett| editor-first =Paul M.| editor2-last =Batten| editor2-first =David J.| contribution =The first complete skull of the Triassic dinosaur ''Melanorosaurus'' Haughton (Sauropodomorpha: Anchisauria)| contribution-url =| title =Special Papers in Palaeontology| volume = 77| year =2007| pages =9–55| place =| publisher =The Palaeontological Assoc.| url =| doi =| id =| isbn = 9781405169332| location =London}}</ref> potentially with ''Glacialisaurus''<ref name=SP07>{{cite journal |last=Smith |first=Nathan D. |coauthors=and Pol, Diego |year=2007 |title=Anatomy of a basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic Hanson Formation of Antarctica |journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |volume=52 |issue=4 |pages=657–674 |url=http://www.app.pan.pl/acta52/app52-657.pdf |format=pdf }}</ref> and ''Adeopapposaurus''.<ref name=RNM09>{{cite journal |last=Martínez |first=Ricardo N. |year=2009 |title=''Adeopapposaurus mognai'', gen. et sp. nov (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha), with comments on adaptations of basal sauropodomorpha |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=142–164 |doi=10.1671/039.029.0102}}</ref>
+'''Massospondylidae''' is a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[massopod]] [[sauropodomorph]]s.<ref name=Y03>{{cite journal | last1 = Yates | first1 = Adam M. | year = 2003 | title = Species taxonomy of the sauropodomorph dinosaurs from the Löwenstein Formation (Norian, Late Triassic) of Germany | journal = Palaeontology | volume = 46 | issue = 2 | pages = 317-337 }}</ref><ref name=Y07>{{cite journal | last1 = Yates | first1 = Adam M. | year = 2007 | title = The first complete skull of the Triassic dinosaur ''Melanorosaurus'' Haughton (Sauropodomorpha: Anchisauria) | journal = In Barrett & Batten (eds.), ''Evolution and Palaeobiology'' | pages = 9–55 }}</ref> Massospondylids are early sauropodomorph [[dinosaur]]s which existed in [[Asia]], [[Africa]] and [[South America]] during the [[Late Triassic]] to the [[Early Jurassic]] periods. Although several dinosaurs have been classified as massospondylids over the years, the largest [[cladistic]] analysis of early sauropodomorphs presented by Apaldetti and colleagues in November 2011, found ''[[Adeopapposaurus]]'', ''[[Coloradisaurus]]'', ''[[Glacialisaurus]]'', ''[[Massospondylus]]'', ''[[Leyesaurus]]'' and ''[[Lufengosaurus]]'' to be valid massospondylids.<ref name=Leyesaurus>{{cite journal |authors=Cecilia Apaldetti, Ricardo N. Martinez, Oscar A. Alcober and Diego Pol |year=2011 |title=A New Basal Sauropodomorph (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from Quebrada del Barro Formation (Marayes-El Carrizal Basin), Northwestern Argentina |url=http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0026964 |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=6 |issue=11 |pages=e26964 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0026964 }}</ref> This result supports many previous analyses which tested less taxa.<ref name=Y07/><ref name=SP07>{{cite journal |last=Smith |first=Nathan D. |coauthors=and Pol, Diego |year=2007 |title=Anatomy of a basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic Hanson Formation of Antarctica |journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |volume=52 |issue=4 |pages=657–674 |url=http://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app52/app52-57.pdf |format=pdf }}</ref><ref name=RNM09>{{cite journal |doi=10.1671/039.029.0102 |last=Martínez |first=Ricardo N. |year=2009 |title=''Adeopapposaurus mognai'', gen. et sp. nov (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha), with comments on adaptations of basal sauropodomorpha |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=142–164}}</ref><ref name=Poletal2011>{{cite journal |authors=Diego Pol, Alberto Garrido, Ignacio A. Cerda |year=2011 |title=A New Sauropodomorph Dinosaur from the Early Jurassic of Patagonia and the Origin and Evolution of the Sauropod-type Sacrum |url=http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0014572 |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=e14572 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0014572 |pmid=21298087 |pmc=3027623}}</ref> However, this analysis found the two recently described [[North America]]n massopods, ''[[Sarahsaurus]]'' and ''[[Seitaad]]'', to nest outside Massospondylidae, as opposed to some provisional proposals.<ref name=Seitaad>{{Cite journal|author=Joseph J. W. Sertich and Mark A. Loewen |year=2010 |title=A New Basal Sauropodomorph Dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic Navajo Sandstone of Southern Utah |url= http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0009789 |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=e9789 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0009789 |pmid= |pmc= }}</ref> Earlier in 2011, ''[[Pradhania]]'', a sauropodomorph from India was tested for the first time in a large cladistic analysis and was found to be a relatively basal massospondylid.<ref name=Indiansaupo>{{Cite journal|author=Fernando E. Novas, Martin D. Ezcurra, Sankar Chatterjee and T. S. Kutty |year=2011 |title=New dinosaur species from the Upper Triassic Upper Maleri and Lower Dharmaram formations of central India |journal=Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh |volume=101 |issue=3-4 |pages=333–349 |doi=10.1017/S1755691011020093}}</ref> ''[[Mussaurus]]'' and ''[[Xixiposaurus]]'' may be included within Massospondylidae, too.<ref name="Sekiya">{{Cite journal|author=SEKIYA Toru |year=2010 |title=A new prosauropod dinosaur from Lower Jurassic in Lufeng of Yunnan |journal=Global Geology |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=6–15 |doi=10.3969/j.issn.1004-5589.2010.01.002 |url=http://www.ceps.com.tw/ec/ecjnlarticleView.aspx?jnlcattype=1&jnlptype=3&jnltype=20&jnliid=2337&issueiid=93871&atliid=1940247}}</ref>
-{{userboxtop| toptext=&nbsp;}}
-{{clade|style=font-size:75%
+===Phylogeny===
-|label1=&nbsp;[[Plateosauria]]&nbsp;
+Massospondylidae, which was first named by [[Friedrich von Huene |Huene]] in 1914, is a [[stem-based taxon]] and it was defined by Sereno as all animals more closely related to ''[[Massospondylus carinatus]]'' than to ''[[Plateosaurus engelhardti]]'' and ''[[Saltasaurus loricatus]]''.<ref name="sereno1998">{{cite journal | last1 = Sereno | first1 = P.C. | year = 1998 | title = A rationale for phylogenetic definitions, with applications to the higher-level taxonomy of Dinosauria | url = | journal = Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie: Abhandlungen | volume = 210 | issue = | pages = 41–83 }}</ref>
+The following [[cladogram]] simplified after an analysis presented by Apaldetti and colleagues in 2011.<ref name=Leyesaurus/>
+{{clade| style=font-size:85%;line-height:85%
+|label1=&nbsp;[[Massopoda]]&nbsp;
 |1={{clade
-   |label1=&nbsp;[[Plateosauridae]]&nbsp;
+   |label1=&nbsp;[[Riojasauridae]]&nbsp;
    |1={{clade
-      |1=''[[Unaysaurus]]''
+      |1=''[[Eucnemesaurus]]''
-      |2=''[[Plateosaurus]]''
+      |2=''[[Riojasaurus]]'' }}
-      }}
-   |label2=&nbsp;[[Massopoda]]&nbsp;
    |2={{clade
-      |label1=[[Riojasauridae]]&nbsp;
       |1={{clade
-         |1=''[[Riojasaurus]]''
+         |1=''[[Ignavusaurus]]''
-         |2=''[[Eucnemesaurus]]''
+         |2=''[[Sarahsaurus]]'' }}
-         }}
-      |label2=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
       |2={{clade
-	 |label1=&nbsp;Massospondylidae&nbsp;
+         |label1=&nbsp;'''Massospondylidae'''&nbsp;
-	 |1={{clade
+         |1={{clade
-	       |1=''[[Massospondylus]]''&nbsp;
+            |1={{clade
-               |label2=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+               |1=''[[Coloradisaurus]]''
+               |2=''[[Glacialisaurus]]''
+               |3=''[[Lufengosaurus]]'' }}
+            |2={{clade
+               |1=''[[Massospondylus]]''
                |2={{clade
-		  |1=''[[Coloradisaurus]]''&nbsp;
+                  |1=''[[Adeopapposaurus]]''
-		  |2=''[[Lufengosaurus]]''&nbsp;
+                  |2=''[[Leyesaurus]]'' }} }} }}
-                  }}
-             }}
-         |label2=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
          |2={{clade
-            |1=''[[Jingshanosaurus]]''
+            |1=''[[Yunnanosaurus]]''
-            |2=[[Anchisauria]]
+            |2={{clade
+               |1=''[[Jingshanosaurus]]''
-       }}
-       }}
+               |2={{clade
+                  |1=''[[Seitaad]]''
-    }}
+                  |label2=&nbsp;[[Anchisauria]]&nbsp;
-   }}
+                  |2={{clade
-}}
+                     |1=''[[Anchisaurus]]''
-<center><small>Basal sauropodomorph phylogeny simplified after Yates, 2007.<ref name="Yates"/> In this review, the Massospondylidae  consist of ''Massospondylus'', ''Lufengosaurus'' and ''Coloradisaurus''.</small></center>
+                     |2={{clade
-{{userboxbottom}}
+                        |1=''[[Aardonyx]]''
+                        |2=[[Sauropoda]] }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}
+The following cladogram simplified after an analysis presented by [[Fernando E. Novas|Novas]] ''et al.'', 2011:<ref name=Indiansaupo/>
-==See also==
-{{Portal|Dinosaurs}}
-*[[Prosauropoda]]
-*[[Sauropodomorph]]
-==References==
-{{Reflist}}
-==External links==
-*[http://dml.cmnh.org/2003Jul/msg00103.html Family Tree]
-[[Category:Prosauropods]]
+{{clade| style=font-size:85%;line-height:85%
+|label1=&nbsp;[[Massopoda]]&nbsp;
+|1={{clade
+   |label1=&nbsp;[[Riojasauridae]]&nbsp;
+   |1={{clade
+      |1=''[[Eucnemesaurus]]''
+      |2=''[[Riojasaurus]]'' }}
+   |2={{clade
+      |label1=&nbsp;'''Massospondylidae'''&nbsp;
+      |1={{clade
+         |1=''[[Massospondylus]]''
+         |2=''[[Pradhania]]''
+         |3={{clade
+            |1=''[[Coloradisaurus]]''
+            |2={{clade
+               |1=''[[Lufengosaurus]]''
+               |2=''[[Glacialisaurus]]'' }} }} }}
+      |label2=&nbsp;[[Anchisauria]]&nbsp;
+      |2={{clade
+         |1=''[[Yunnanosaurus]]''
+         |2=''[[Jingshanosaurus]]''
+         |3=''[[Anchisaurus]]''
+         |4={{clade
+            |1=''[[Melanorosaurus]]''
+            |2=[[Sauropoda]] }} }} }} }} }}
+==References==
+{{reflist}}
+{{Portal|Dinosaurs}}
 {{Sauropodomorph-stub}}
+[[Category:Sauropodomorpha]]
 [[ca:Massospondílid]]

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Massospondylidae: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 21:05, 10 November 2011

Phylogeny

References