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===Supreme Court nominations===
===Supreme Court nominations===
Sessions was a supporter of the "[[nuclear option]]," a tactic popularized by then-[[Party leaders of the United States Senate|Senate Majority Leader]] [[Bill Frist]] in the spring of 2005 to change longstanding Senate rules to stop Democratic [[filibuster]]s of some of [[List of federal judges appointed by George W. Bush|George W. Bush's nominees to the federal courts]]. When the "[[Gang of 14]]" group of moderate Senators led by Republican [[John McCain]] of [[Arizona]] and Democrat [[Ben Nelson]] of [[Nebraska]] struck a deal to avert the option, Sessions was involved in the dispute.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}}

As ranking member on the Judiciary Committee, Sessions was the senior Republican who questioned Judge [[Sonia Sotomayor]], President [[Barack Obama]]'s nominee to succeed retiring Justice [[David Souter]]. Sessions focused on Sotomayor's views on empathy as a quality for a judge, arguing that "empathy for one party is always prejudice against another."<ref>Robert Barnes, Amy Goldstein,Paul Kane, [http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/07/14/MND318NTQ3.DTL "Nominee Sotomayor at center stage in Senate"], ''San Francisco Chronicle'', July 14, 2009</ref> Sessions also questioned the nominee about her views on the use of foreign law in deciding cases,<ref>Steve Padilla, [http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/washington/2009/07/sotomayor-hearings-judge-is-adamant-sessions-is-unconvinced.html "Sotomayor hearings: Judge is adamant, Sessions is unconvinced"], ''Los Angeles Times'', July 15, 2009</ref> as well as her role in the [[Puerto Rican Legal Defense and Education Fund]] (PRLDEF). On July 28, 2009, Sessions joined five Republican colleagues in voting against Sotomayor's nomination. The committee approved Sotomayor by a vote of 13-6.<ref>
As ranking member on the Judiciary Committee, Sessions was the senior Republican who questioned Judge [[Sonia Sotomayor]], President [[Barack Obama]]'s nominee to succeed retiring Justice [[David Souter]]. Sessions focused on Sotomayor's views on empathy as a quality for a judge, arguing that "empathy for one party is always prejudice against another."<ref>Robert Barnes, Amy Goldstein,Paul Kane, [http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/07/14/MND318NTQ3.DTL "Nominee Sotomayor at center stage in Senate"], ''San Francisco Chronicle'', July 14, 2009</ref> Sessions also questioned the nominee about her views on the use of foreign law in deciding cases,<ref>Steve Padilla, [http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/washington/2009/07/sotomayor-hearings-judge-is-adamant-sessions-is-unconvinced.html "Sotomayor hearings: Judge is adamant, Sessions is unconvinced"], ''Los Angeles Times'', July 15, 2009</ref> as well as her role in the [[Puerto Rican Legal Defense and Education Fund]] (PRLDEF). On July 28, 2009, Sessions joined five Republican colleagues in voting against Sotomayor's nomination. The committee approved Sotomayor by a vote of 13-6.<ref>
⚫
{{cite news |url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5huyApqmCqq9U5Hw9jP5IYR1gSQEwD99NI0NG4 |title=Judiciary Committee OKs Sotomayor for high court |agency=[[Associated Press]] |first=Julie Hirschfeld |last=Davis |publisher=Associated Press |date=July 28, 2009 |accessdate=August 4, 2009}}</ref> Sessions also voted against Sotomayor when her nomination came before the full Senate. He was one of 31 senators (all Republicans) to do so, while 68 voted to confirm the nominee.<ref>[http://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=111&session=1&vote=00262 Roll Call Vote on the Nomination of Sonia Sotomayor], ''U.S. Senate'', August 6, 2009</ref> Regarding future Supreme Court nominations, Sessions has said he believes an openly [[Homosexuality|gay]] nominee might make the American people "uneasy".<ref>{{cite web |first=Ashby |last=Jones |url=http://blogs.wsj.com/law/2010/03/30/is-the-us-ready-for-a-gay-justice/ |title=Is the U.S. Ready for a Gay Justice? |work=WSJ Law Blog |date=March 30, 2010}}</ref>
{{cite news
|url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5huyApqmCqq9U5Hw9jP5IYR1gSQEwD99NI0NG4
|title=Judiciary Committee OKs Sotomayor for high court |agency=[[Associated Press]]
|first=Julie Hirschfeld |last=Davis <!-- |authorlink=Julie Hirschfeld Davis -->
|curly= |author= |author2= |author3= |author4= |author5= |author6= |author7=
|work= |publisher= |location= |isbn= |issn= |oclc= |pmid= |pmd= |bibcode= |doi= |id=
|date=July 28, 2009 |page= | pages= |accessdate=August 4, 2009 |language = |archiveurl= |archivedate= |quote=}}
⚫
</ref> Sessions also voted against Sotomayor when her nomination came before the full Senate. He was one of 31 senators (all Republicans) to do so, while 68 voted to confirm the nominee.<ref>[http://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=111&session=1&vote=00262 "U.S. Senate Roll Call Vote on the Nomination of Sonia Sotomayor"] ''U.S. Senate'', August 6, 2009</ref> Regarding future Supreme Court nominations, Sessions has said he believes an openly [[Homosexuality|gay]] nominee might make the American people "uneasy".<ref>Ashby Jones, [http://blogs.wsj.com/law/2010/03/30/is-the-us-ready-for-a-gay-justice/ "Is the U.S. Ready for a Gay Justice?"], ''WSJ Law Blog'', March 30, 2010</ref>


Sessions also served as the ranking Republican on the Judiciary Committee during the nomination process for [[Elena Kagan]], President Obama’s nominee to succeed [[John Paul Stevens|retired Justice John Paul Stevens]]. Sessions based his opposition on the nominee’s lack of experience, her background as a political operative (Kagan had said that she worked in the Clinton White House not as a lawyer but as a policy adviser<ref>Elena Kagan, [http://www.scotusblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/Kagan-speech_WestPoint.pdf/ "Speech to West Point Cadets"], October 17, 2007</ref>), and her record on guns,abortion, and gay rights. Sessions pointed out that Kagan “has a very thin record legally, never tried a case, never argued before a jury, only had her first appearance in the appellate courts a year ago."<ref>Bruce Drake, [http://www.politicsdaily.com/2010/06/27/republicans-to-focus-on-whether-elena-kagan-would-be-a-judicial/ "Republicans to Focus on Whether Elena Kagan Would be a Judicial Activist"], ''Politics Daily'', June 27, 2010</ref>
Sessions also served as the ranking Republican on the Judiciary Committee during the nomination process for [[Elena Kagan]], President Obama’s nominee to succeed [[John Paul Stevens|retired Justice John Paul Stevens]]. Sessions based his opposition on the nominee’s lack of experience, her background as a political operative (Kagan had said that she worked in the Clinton White House not as a lawyer but as a policy adviser<ref>Elena Kagan, [http://www.scotusblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/Kagan-speech_WestPoint.pdf/ "Speech to West Point Cadets"], October 17, 2007</ref>), and her record on guns,abortion, and gay rights. Sessions pointed out that Kagan “has a very thin record legally, never tried a case, never argued before a jury, only had her first appearance in the appellate courts a year ago."<ref>Bruce Drake, [http://www.politicsdaily.com/2010/06/27/republicans-to-focus-on-whether-elena-kagan-would-be-a-judicial/ "Republicans to Focus on Whether Elena Kagan Would be a Judicial Activist"], ''Politics Daily'', June 27, 2010</ref>

Revision as of 02:49, 23 February 2011

Jefferson Beauregard Sessions III
United States Senator
from Alabama
Incumbent
Assumed office
January 3, 1997
Serving with Richard Shelby
Preceded byHowell T. Heflin
44th Attorney General of Alabama
In office
January 16, 1995 – January 3, 1997
GovernorFob James
Preceded byJimmy Evans
Succeeded byWilliam H. Pryor, Jr.
U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of Alabama
In office
1981–1993
Personal details
Political partyRepublican
SpouseMary Blackshear Sessions
ChildrenMary Abigail Sessions, Ruth Walk Sessions, Sam Sessions
ResidenceMobile, Alabama
Alma materHuntingdon College (B.A.)
University of Alabama (J.D.)
OccupationAttorney
Military service
Branch/serviceUnited States Army
Years of service1973-1977
RankCaptain
UnitReserves

Jefferson Beauregard "Jeff" Sessions III (born December 24, 1946) is the junior United States Senator from Alabama. First elected in 1996, Sessions is a member of the Republican Party. He serves as the ranking minority member on the Senate Budget Committee.

Early life

Jefferson Beauregard Sessions III was born in Selma, Alabama, the son of Abbie (née Powe) and Jefferson Beauregard Sessions, Jr.[1] His father owned a general store and then a farm equipment dealership.[2] Sessions grew up in the small town of Hybart. In 1964 he became an Eagle Scout. In his adult life, he became a recipient of the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award from the Boy Scouts of America.

After attending school in nearby Camden, Sessions studied at Huntingdon College in Montgomery, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1969. He was active in the Young Republicans and student body president there.[3] Sessions attended the University of Alabama School of Law and graduated with his J.D. in 1973.[4]

Sessions entered private practice in Russellville and later in Mobile, where he now lives. He also served in the Army Reserve in the 1970s, achieving the rank of captain.

Sessions and his wife Mary have three grown children, Mary Abigail, Ruth Walk, and Sam, as well as three grandchildren, Jane Ritchie, Jim Beau and Grace.

Political career

U.S. Attorney

Sessions was an Assistant United States Attorney in the Office of the United States Attorney for the Southern District of Alabama beginning in 1975. In 1981, President Ronald Reagan nominated Sessions to be the U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of Alabama. The Senate confirmed him and he held that position for 12 years.

Failed nomination to the district court

In 1986, Reagan nominated Sessions to be a judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Alabama. Sessions was actively backed by Alabama Senator Jeremiah Denton, a Republican. A substantial majority of the American Bar Association Standing Committee on the Federal Judiciary, which rates nominees to the federal bench, rated Sessions "qualified," with a minority voting that Sessions was "not qualified."[5]

At Sessions' confirmation hearings before the Senate Judiciary Committee, four Department of Justice lawyers who had worked with Sessions testified that he had made several racist statements. One of those lawyers, J. Gerald Hebert, testified that Sessions had referred to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) as "un-American" and "Communist-inspired" because they "forced civil rights down the throats of people."[6]

Thomas Figures, a black Assistant U.S. Attorney, testified that Sessions said he thought the Klan was "OK until I found out they smoked pot."[7] Figures also testified that on one occasion, when the U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division sent the office instructions to investigate a case that Sessions had tried to close, Figures and Sessions "had a very spirited discussion regarding how the Hodge case should then be handled; in the course of that argument, Mr. Sessions threw the file on a table, and remarked, 'I wish I could decline on all of them,'" by which Figures said Sessions meant civil rights cases generally. After becoming Ranking Member of the Judiciary Committee, Sessions was asked in an interview about his civil rights record as a U.S Attorney. He denied that he had not sufficiently pursued civil rights cases, saying that "when I was [a U.S. Attorney], I signed 10 pleadings attacking segregation or the remnants of segregation, where we as part of the Department of Justice, we sought desegregation remedies."[8]

Figures also said that Sessions had called him "boy." He also testified that "Mr. Sessions admonished me to 'be careful what you say to white folks.'"[9]

Sessions responded to the testimony by denying the allegations, saying his remarks were taken out of context or meant in jest, and also stating that groups could be considered un-American when "they involve themselves in un-American positions" in foreign policy. Sessions said during testimony that he considered the Klan to be "a force for hatred and bigotry." In regards to the marijuana quote, Sessions said the comment was a joke but apologized.[10]

In response to a question from Joe Biden on whether he had called the NAACP and other civil rights organizations "un-American", Sessions replied "I'm often loose with my tongue. I may have said something about the NAACP being un-American or Communist, but I meant no harm by it."[5]

On June 5, 1986, the Committee voted 10-8 against recommending the nomination to the Senate floor, with Republican Senators Charles Mathias of Maryland and Arlen Specter of Pennsylvania voting with the Democrats. It then split 9-9 on a vote to send Sessions' nomination to the Senate floor with no recommendation, with Specter again voting with the Democrats. The pivotal votes against Sessions came from Democratic Senator Howell Heflin of Alabama. Although Heflin had previously backed Sessions, he began to oppose Sessions after hearing testimony, concluding that there were "reasonable doubts" over Sessions' ability to be "fair and impartial." The nomination was withdrawn on July 31, 1986.

Sessions became only the second nominee to the federal judiciary in 48 years whose nomination was killed by the Senate Judiciary Committee.[10]

Sessions was quoted then as saying that the Senate on occasion had been insensitive to the rights and reputation of nominees.[11][12]

One law clerk from the U.S. District Court in Mobile who had worked with Sessions later acknowledged the confirmation controversy, but stated that he observed Sessions as "a lawyer of the highest ethical and intellectual standards."[13]

After joining the Senate Judiciary Committee, Sessions remarked that his presence there, alongside several of the members who voted against him, was a "great irony."[11] When Senator Arlen Specter of Pennsylvania left the GOP to join the Democratic Party on April 28, 2009, Sessions was selected to be the Ranking Member on the Senate Judiciary Committee. At that time, Specter said that his vote against Sessions' nomination was a mistake, because he had "since found that Sen. Sessions is egalitarian."[14]

Alabama Attorney General and U.S. Senate

Sessions was elected Attorney General of Alabama in November 1994. In 1996, Sessions won the Republican primary for U.S. Senate, after a runoff, and then defeated Democrat Roger Bedford 53%-46% in the November general election.[3] He succeeded Heflin, who had retired after 18 years in the Senate. In 2002, Sessions won reelection by defeating Democratic State Auditor Susan Parker. In 2008, Sessions defeated Democratic State Senator Vivian Davis Figures to win a third term. Sessions received 63 percent of the vote to Figures' 37 percent.

Sessions was only the second freshman Republican senator from Alabama since Reconstruction and gave Alabama two Republican senators, a first since Reconstruction. Sessions was easily reelected in 2002 becoming the first (or second, if one counts his colleague Richard Shelby, who switched from Democrat to Republican in 1994) Republican reelected to the Senate from Alabama.

Political positions

Sessions was ranked by National Journal as the fifth-most conservative U.S. Senator in their March 2007 Conservative/Liberal Rankings.[15] He backs conservative Republican stances on foreign policy, taxes, and social issues. He opposes abortion and illegal immigration.

Sessions is a senior member on the Senate Budget Committee and the Armed Services Committee. He also serves on the Energy Committee, in addition to being the Ranking Member of the Judiciary Committee.

Foreign and military policy

On September 25, 2005, Sessions spoke at a rally attended by 400 people in Washington, D.C. in favor of the War in Iraq. It was held in opposition to an anti-war protest held the day before that was attended by 100,000 people. Sessions spoke of the anti-war protesters, saying, "The group who spoke here the other day did not represent the American ideals of freedom, liberty and spreading that around the world. I frankly don't know what they represent, other than to blame America first."[16]

In the 109th Congress, Sessions introduced the Honoring Every Requirement of Exemplary Service Act (HEROES Act), which increased the death gratuity benefit from $12,420 to $100,000.[17] The bill also increased the level of coverage under the Servicemen's Group Life Insurance from $250,000 to $400,000. Sessions' legislation was accepted in the Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2005.[18]

Crime and security

On October 5, 2005, he was one of nine Senators who voted against a Senate amendment to a House bill that prohibited cruel, inhumane, or degrading treatment or punishment of individuals in the custody or under the physical control of the United States Government.[19]

Sessions has taken a strong stand against any form of citizenship for illegal immigrants. Sessions was one of the most vocal critics of the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007.

Sessions voted for the Combating Online Infringement and Counterfeits Act in committee, Senate Bill S.3804, which would allow the Attorney general to petition the court to issue a restraining order or injunction against Internet domain names which has material on the site that infringes upon copyright as well as a have the attorney general make a list of sites that his office suspects of having copywritten material but did not get a restraining order against. The second list immunizes any internet provider from having legal action taken against them as a result of their preventing access to any site on the list.[20] The announcement of the bill was rapidly followed by a wave of protest from digital rights activists, including the Electronic Frontier Foundation calling it censorship and stateing that action may be taken against all users of sites in which only some users are uploading infringing material.[21]

Senator Ron Wyden opposed the bill after it passed the Senate Judiciary Committee on November 18, 2010, saying that unless it is changed, he will prevent it from coming to a vote on the full Senate floor this year.[22] He said:

"It seems to me that online copyright infringement is a legitimate problem, but it seems to me that COICA as written is the wrong medicine. Deploying this statute to combat online copyright infringement seems almost like using a bunker-busting cluster bomb when what you really need is a precision-guided missile. The collateral damage of this statute could be American innovation, American jobs, and a secure Internet."[23]

Economic issues

Sessions voted for the 2001 and 2003 Bush tax cuts, and said he would vote to make them permanent if given the chance.[24]

In 2006, Sessions received the "Guardian of Small Business” award from the National Federation of Independent Business.

He voted for an amendment to the 2008 budget resolution, offered by Republican Senator Jim DeMint of South Carolina, which would have placed a one-year moratorium on the practice of earmarking.

Sessions was one of 25 senators to vote against the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (the bank bailout), arguing that it "undermines our heritage of law and order, and is an affront to the principle of separation of powers."[25]

Health care reform

Sessions opposed President Barack Obama's health reform legislation; he voted against the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act in December 2009,[26] and he voted against the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010.[27]

Energy policy

Sessions is a proponent of nuclear power, and has voted to open the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to oil drilling.

Supreme Court nominations

Sessions was a supporter of the "nuclear option," a tactic popularized by then-Senate Majority Leader Bill Frist in the spring of 2005 to change longstanding Senate rules to stop Democratic filibusters of some of George W. Bush's nominees to the federal courts. When the "Gang of 14" group of moderate Senators led by Republican John McCain of Arizona and Democrat Ben Nelson of Nebraska struck a deal to avert the option, Sessions was involved in the dispute.[citation needed]

As ranking member on the Judiciary Committee, Sessions was the senior Republican who questioned Judge Sonia Sotomayor, President Barack Obama's nominee to succeed retiring Justice David Souter. Sessions focused on Sotomayor's views on empathy as a quality for a judge, arguing that "empathy for one party is always prejudice against another."[28] Sessions also questioned the nominee about her views on the use of foreign law in deciding cases,[29] as well as her role in the Puerto Rican Legal Defense and Education Fund (PRLDEF). On July 28, 2009, Sessions joined five Republican colleagues in voting against Sotomayor's nomination. The committee approved Sotomayor by a vote of 13-6.[30] Sessions also voted against Sotomayor when her nomination came before the full Senate. He was one of 31 senators (all Republicans) to do so, while 68 voted to confirm the nominee.[31] Regarding future Supreme Court nominations, Sessions has said he believes an openly gay nominee might make the American people "uneasy".[32]

Sessions also served as the ranking Republican on the Judiciary Committee during the nomination process for Elena Kagan, President Obama’s nominee to succeed retired Justice John Paul Stevens. Sessions based his opposition on the nominee’s lack of experience, her background as a political operative (Kagan had said that she worked in the Clinton White House not as a lawyer but as a policy adviser[33]), and her record on guns,abortion, and gay rights. Sessions pointed out that Kagan “has a very thin record legally, never tried a case, never argued before a jury, only had her first appearance in the appellate courts a year ago."[34]

Sessions focused the majority of his criticism on Kagan’s treatment of the military while she was dean of Harvard Law School. During her tenure, Kagan continued the longstanding accommodation for military recruiters that placed them in the veterans organization office instead of the office of career services in an attempt to comply with Harvard's nondiscrimination policy as well as the Solomon amendment. Congress had passed a law known as the Solomon Amendment, which barred federal funds from any college or university that did not grant military recruiters equal access to campus facilities. Sessions asserted that Kagan’s action was a violation of the Solomon Amendment and that it amounted to “demeaning and punishing the military.[35] He also argued that her action showed a willingness to place her politics above the law.

On July 20, 2010, Sessions and five Republican colleagues voted against Kagan’s nomination. Despite this, the Judiciary Committee approved the nomination by a 13-6 vote. Sessions also voted against Kagan in the full Senate vote, joining 36 other senators (including one Democrat) in opposition. 63 senators voted to confirm Kagan. Following the vote, Sessions remarked on future nominations and elections, saying that Americans would "not forgive the Senate if we further expose our Constitution to revision and rewrite by judicial fiat to advance what President Obama says is a broader vision of what America should be."[36]

Gay rights

Sessions has been an opponent of same-sex marriage and gay rights legislation, earning a zero rating from the Human Rights Campaign, a group that lobbies for marriage equality and related issues, for the 108th, 109th, and 110th Congresses.[37]

Sessions voted against the Matthew Shepard Hate Crimes Prevention Act, which included acts of bias-motivated violence based on sexual orientation and gender identity in federal hate-crimes law;[38] against a congressional resolution calling on members of the Ugandan Parliament to reject the proposed “Kill-the-Gays Bill";[37] and in favor of the Federal Marriage Amendment.[38]

On December 18, 2010, Sessions voted against the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010.[39]

Sessions has also said regarding the appointment of a gay Supreme Court justice, "I do not think that a person who acknowledges that they have gay tendencies is disqualified per se, for the job."[40]

Abortion

Sessions is pro-life and was one of 37 Senators to vote against funding for embryonic stem cell research.[41]

Political contributions

During his career, his largest donors have come from the legal, health, real estate and insurance industries.[42] From 2005 to 2010, the corporations employing donors who gave the most to his campaign were the Southern Company utility firm, Balch & Bingham law firm, Harbert Management investment firm, Drummond Company coal mining firm, and WPP Group, a UK-based communications services company.[43]

Committee assignments

Electoral history

See also: United States Senate election in Alabama, 2008; United States Senate election in Alabama, 2002; and United States Senate election in Alabama, 1996
Alabama U.S. Senate Election – 2008
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Jefferson Beauregard Sessions III* 1,305,383 63.36 + 4.78
Democratic Vivian Davis Figures 752,391 36.52
Write-ins 2,417 0.12
Alabama U.S. Senate Election – 2002
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Jefferson Beauregard Sessions III* 792,561 58.58 + 6.13
Democratic Susan Parker 538,878 39.83
Libertarian Jeff Allen 20,234 1.50
Write-ins 1,350 0.10
Alabama U.S. Senate Election – 1996
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Jefferson Beauregard Sessions III 786,436 52.45
Democratic Roger Bedford 681,651 45.46
Libertarian Mark Thornton 21,550 1.44
Natural Law Charles R. Hebner 9,123 0.61
Write-ins Write-ins 633 0.04

References

  1. ^ Battle, Robert. "Ancestry of Jefferson Beauregard "Jeff" Sessions III". Rootsweb. Retrieved August 4, 2009. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |month= and |coauthors= (help)
  2. ^ 9:46 EDT (May 31, 2009). "The Vindication of Jeff Sessions". Washington Examiner. Retrieved August 29, 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ a b Profile of Sessions by CQ Press
  4. ^ Online NewsHour (May 26, 2009). "Key Player: Sen. Jeff Sessions, R-Ala. | Online NewsHour | May 26, 2009". PBS. Retrieved August 29, 2010.
  5. ^ a b Goldman, Sheldon. (1999). Picking Federal Judges. Yale University Press. p. 309.
  6. ^ Wildman, Sarah (December 30, 2002). "Closed Sessions. The senator who's worse than Lott". The New Republic. Retrieved August 4, 2009. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |pmd= and |curly= (help)
  7. ^ Beutler, Brian (May 7, 2009). "Sessions Subordinate: I Thought I'd Be Fired If I Objected To Being Called 'Boy' | TPMDC". Tpmdc.talkingpointsmemo.com. Retrieved August 29, 2010.
  8. ^ National Journal, "Sessions Says He's Looking For Judicial Restraint", May 7, 2009
  9. ^ Talking Points Memo, "Sessions Subordinate: I Thought I'd Be Fired If I Objected To Being Called 'Boy'" May 7, 2009
  10. ^ a b Rudin, Ken (May 5, 2009). "blog: Specter Helped Defeat Sessions In 1986 Judiciary Vote". Political Junkie. National Public Radio. Retrieved August 4, 2009. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |month= and |coauthors= (help) (blog)
  11. ^ a b Kathleen Hunter and Bart Jansen, All Eyes on Grassley for Judiciary Republicans’ Post-Specter Shuffle, CQ Politics, May 1, 2009
  12. ^ Matt Kelley, Supreme Court pick Sotomayor under fire for comments, USA Today, May 29, 2009
  13. ^ Victor Williams, ""New Gang of 14" : Applying "Lets Get This Done" to Appointments", Huffington Post, March 1, 2010
  14. ^ Manu Raju, "Specter regrets 'no' vote on Sessions", Politico, May 5, 2009
  15. ^ "Political Arithmetik: National Journal 2006 Liberal/Conservative Scores". Politicalarithmetik.blogspot.com. March 5, 2007. Retrieved August 29, 2010.
  16. ^ Brian J. Foley, "I Gave My Copy of the Constitution to a Pro-War Veteran", Antiwar.com, October 1, 2005
  17. ^ Library of Congress
  18. ^ Congressional Record, August 14, 2005
  19. ^ Govtrack.us
  20. ^ http://www.govtrack.us/congress/billtext.xpd?bill=s111-3804
  21. ^ "Censorship of the Internet Takes Center Stage in "Online Infringement" Bill". eff.org. September 21, 2010. Retrieved October 16, 2010.
  22. ^ Emspak, Jesse (November 19, 2010). "Oregon Senator Opposes Bill That Would Block Web Sites". International Business Times. Retrieved November 19, 2010.
  23. ^ http://www.wired.com/epicenter/2010/11/senator-web-censorship-bill-a-bunker-busting-cluster-bomb/ Senator: Web Censorship Bill A ‘Bunker-Busting Cluster Bomb’
  24. ^ "Jeff Sessions on Tax Reform". Issues2000.org. Retrieved August 29, 2010.
  25. ^ Jerry Underwood, "Senator Shelby wants auto bailout put in neutral", Birmingham News, November 16, 2008
  26. ^ [1]
  27. ^ "U.S. Senate: Legislation & Records Home > Votes > Roll Call Vote". Senate.gov. Retrieved August 29, 2010.
  28. ^ Robert Barnes, Amy Goldstein,Paul Kane, "Nominee Sotomayor at center stage in Senate", San Francisco Chronicle, July 14, 2009
  29. ^ Steve Padilla, "Sotomayor hearings: Judge is adamant, Sessions is unconvinced", Los Angeles Times, July 15, 2009
  30. ^ Davis, Julie Hirschfeld (July 28, 2009). "Judiciary Committee OKs Sotomayor for high court". Associated Press. Associated Press. Retrieved August 4, 2009.
  31. ^ Roll Call Vote on the Nomination of Sonia Sotomayor, U.S. Senate, August 6, 2009
  32. ^ Jones, Ashby (March 30, 2010). "Is the U.S. Ready for a Gay Justice?". WSJ Law Blog.
  33. ^ Elena Kagan, "Speech to West Point Cadets", October 17, 2007
  34. ^ Bruce Drake, "Republicans to Focus on Whether Elena Kagan Would be a Judicial Activist", Politics Daily, June 27, 2010
  35. ^ Jeff Sessions, "A big-government vision", USA Today, July 20, 2010
  36. ^ Carl Hulse, "Senate Confirms Kagan in Partisan Vote", New York Times, August 5, 2010
  37. ^ a b "My Officials: Jeff Sessions". Human Rights Campaign.
  38. ^ a b "Jeff Sessions – Civil Rights". Issues2000.org.
  39. ^ Senate roll call vote on the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010
  40. ^ "Sessions open minded on gay justice". KGBT News (via Politico). May 7, 2010.
  41. ^ "NOW - Sen. Jeff Sessions (R-Alabama) biography". National Organization for Women. Retrieved August 4, 2009. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |month= and |coauthors= (help)
  42. ^ Center for Responsible Politics, accessed May 16, 2010, http://www.opensecrets.org/politicians/summary.php?cycle=Career&type=I&cid=N00003062&newMem=N
  43. ^ Center for Responsible Politics, accessed May 16, 2010, http://www.opensecrets.org/politicians/contrib.php?cycle=2010&cid=N00003062&type=I
Legal offices
Preceded by Attorney General of Alabama
1995–1997 		Succeeded by
U.S. Senate
Preceded by U.S. senator (Class 2) from Alabama
1997–present
Served alongside: Richard Shelby 		Incumbent
Party political offices
Preceded by Republican Party nominee for United States Senator from Alabama
(Class 2)
1996, 2002, 2008 		Succeeded by
Current nominee
U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded by United States Senators by seniority
35th 		Succeeded by

Template:Persondata

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