Langbahn Team – Weltmeisterschaft

Help:IPA/Standard German: Difference between revisions

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m Undid revision 406604158 by 190.148.213.124 (talk) — Spanish is not helpful for alveolar trills – see perro vs pero.
moved diphthongs to new section in table; changed headers: monophthongs, reduced vowels
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! IPA !! Examples !! English approximation
! IPA !! Examples !! English approximation
|-
|-
! colspan="3"| Stressed and unstressed{{dubious}}
! colspan="3"| [[Monophthong]]s
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|a}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|a}}</big>
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|align="center" |<big> aː</big>
|align="center" |<big> aː</big>
| {{lang|de|B'''ah'''n}}||br'''a'''
| {{lang|de|B'''ah'''n}}||br'''a'''
⚫
|-
⚫
|align="center" |<big> aɪ</big>
⚫
| {{lang|de|w'''ei'''t}}||t'''ie'''
⚫
|-
⚫
|align="center" |<big> aʊ</big>
⚫
| {{lang|de|H'''au'''t}}||h'''ow'''
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big> eː</big>
|align="center" |<big> eː</big>
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|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|ɔ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|ɔ}}</big>
| {{lang|de|P'''o'''st}}||c'''au'''ght (but shorter)
| {{lang|de|P'''o'''st}}||c'''au'''ght (but shorter)
⚫
|-
⚫
|align="center" |<big> ɔʏ</big>
⚫
| {{lang|de|H'''eu'''}}||b'''oy'''
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big> øː</big>
|align="center" |<big> øː</big>
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| {{lang|de|f'''ü'''llt}}||somewhat like the above
| {{lang|de|f'''ü'''llt}}||somewhat like the above
|-
|-
! colspan="3" | Unstressed only
! colspan="3" | [[Diphthong]]s
⚫
|-
⚫
|align="center" |<big> aɪ</big>
⚫
| {{lang|de|w'''ei'''t}}||t'''ie'''
⚫
|-
⚫
|align="center" |<big> aʊ</big>
⚫
| {{lang|de|H'''au'''t}}||h'''ow'''
⚫
|-
⚫
|align="center" |<big> ɔʏ</big>
⚫
| {{lang|de|H'''eu'''}}||b'''oy'''
|-
! colspan="3" | [[Vowel reduction|Reduced vowels]]
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|ɐ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|ɐ}}</big>

Revision as of 19:13, 12 January 2011

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents German language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

See German phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of German.

Consonants
IPA Examples English approximation
b Ball[1] ball
ç ich hue
d dann[1] done
f Fass fuss
ɡ Gast[1] gust
h hat hut
j ja yard
k kalt kick
l Last last
m Mast must
n Naht not
ŋ lang long
p Pakt pack
pf Pfahl p + f
ʁ Rast[2] like a French R
ʀ Rast[2] like a French R
r Rast[2] like an Italian R
s Hast fast
ʃ schal shall
t Tal tall
ts Zahl cats
tʃ Matsch match
v was vast
x Bach[3] loch (Scottish)
z Hase[1] hose
ʔ beamtet[4]
([bəˈʔamtət])		 the catch in uh-oh!
Non-native consonants
ð Motherboard[5] as in English
dʒ Dschungel[1] jungle
ɹ Rockband[6] as in English
w Walkman[7] as in English
θ Thread[8] as in English
ʒ Genie[1] beige, Zsa Zsa
Stress
ˈ Bahnhofstraße
([ˈbaːnhoːfˌʃtʁaːsə]) 		as in ˈbattleˌship
ˌ
Vowels
IPA Examples English approximation
Monophthongs
a Dach bra (but shorter)
aː Bahn bra
eː Beet face
ɛ hätte bed
ɛː wähle[9] as above but longer; like RP English bared
iː viel meet
ɪ bist sit
oː Boot bone
ɔ Post caught (but shorter)
øː Öl somewhat like hurl; French deux
œ göttlich somewhat like hurt; French sœur
uː Hut true
ʊ Putz took
yː Rübe French rue
ʏ füllt somewhat like the above
Diphthongs
aɪ weit tie
aʊ Haut how
ɔʏ Heu boy
Reduced vowels
ɐ Ober[2] fun
ə halte comma
Non-native vowels
e Methan (short [eː])
i vital city (short [iː])
o Moral (short [oː])
ø Ökonom (short [øː])
u kulant (short [uː])
y Psychologie (short [yː])
ã Pensee[10] (nasalized [a])
ãː Gourmand[10] (long nasalized [a])
ɛ̃ timbrieren[11] (nasalized [ɛ])
ɛ̃ː Teint[11] (long nasalized [ɛ])
ɔ̃ Fondue[12] (nasalized [ɔ])
ɔ̃ː Fond[12] (long nasalized [ɔ])
œ̃ Lundist[13] (nasalized [œ])
œ̃ː Parfum[13] (long nasalized [œ])
Marginal vowels
ɔː Walkman[14] as in English
ʌ Motherboard[15] as in English
Semivowels
ɐ̯ Uhr[2] fun
i̯ Studie studio
u̯ aktuell actual

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f The German lenis consonants [b d ɡ z ʒ dʒ] are often pronounced without voice as [b̥ d̥ ɡ̊ z̥ ʒ̊ d̥ʒ̊]. In Southern German, the voiceless pronunciation prevails.
  2. ^ a b c d e Pronunciation of /r/ in German varies according to region and speaker. While older prescriptive pronunciation dictionaries only allowed [r], this pronunciation is nowadays mainly found in Switzerland, Bavaria and Austria, while in other regions, the uvular pronunciation prevails, with the allophones [ʁ] and [ʀ]. In many regions except for Switzerland, the /r/ in the syllable coda is vowelized to [ɐ̯] after long vowels or after all vowels, and /ər/ is pronounced as [ɐ]
  3. ^ Realized as a uvular fricative [χ] after /a/, /aː/, and often /ʊ/, /ɔ/, and /aʊ/.
  4. ^ In many varieties of German except for Swiss Standard German, all initial vowels are preceded by [ʔ].
  5. ^ Many German speakers replace [ð] with [z].
  6. ^ Many German speakers replace [ɹ] with [ʁ].
  7. ^ Many German speakers replace [w] with [v].
  8. ^ Many German speakers replace [θ] with [s].
  9. ^ Often replaced by [eː]
  10. ^ a b Sometimes replaced by [aŋ].
  11. ^ a b Sometimes replaced by [ɛŋ].
  12. ^ a b Sometimes replaced by [ɔŋ].
  13. ^ a b Sometimes replaced by [œŋ].
  14. ^ Many German speakers replace [ɔː] with [ɔ] or [oː].
  15. ^ Many German speakers replace [ʌ] with [a].

Bibliography

  • Duden 6: Das Aussprachewörterbuch (3d edition, 1990, ISBN 3-411-20916-X).
Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%3ADiff%2F407517714