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*{{flag|Great Britain}} [[King George VI Coronation Medal]]
*{{flag|Great Britain}} [[King George VI Coronation Medal]]
*{{flag|Great Britain}} [[Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal]]
*{{flag|Great Britain}} [[Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal]]
*{{flag|Greece|royal}} [[Order of the Saviour|Grand Cross of the Order of the Saviour]]
*{{flag|Greece|royal}} [[Order of the Redeemer|Grand Cross of the Order of the Redeemer]]
*{{flag|Greece|royal}} [[Order of St. George og St. Constantine|Grand Cross of the Order of St. George og St. Constantine]]
*{{flag|Greece|royal}} [[Order of St. George and St. Constantine|Grand Cross of the Order of St. George and St. Constantine]]
*{{flag|Greece|royal}} [[War Cross 1940]]
*{{flag|Greece|royal}} [[War Cross (Greece)|War Cross 1940]]
*{{flag|Iran|1925}} [[Order of the Tadj|Grand Cross of the Order of the Tadj]]
*{{flag|Iran|1925}} [[Order of the Tadj|Grand Cross of the Order of the Tadj]]
*{{flag|Iceland}} [[Order of the Falcon|Grand Cross of the Order of the Falcon]]
*{{flag|Iceland}} [[Order of the Falcon|Grand Cross of the Order of the Falcon]]
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*{{flag|Portugal}} [[Order of Aviz|Grand Cross of the Order of St. Bento d'Aviz]]
*{{flag|Portugal}} [[Order of Aviz|Grand Cross of the Order of St. Bento d'Aviz]]
*{{flag|Romania|1952}} [[Order of the Star of Romania|1st class of the Order of the Star]]
*{{flag|Romania|1952}} [[Order of the Star of Romania|1st class of the Order of the Star]]
*{{flag|Saxony}} [[The Ernestine Order|Grand Cross of the Ernestine Order]] (Saxony, Germany)
*{{flag|Saxony}} [[Saxe-Ernestine House Order|Grand Cross of the Ernestine Order]] (Saxony, Germany)
*{{flag|Spain}} [[Order of the Golden Fleece|Collar of the Order of the Golden Fleece]]
*{{flag|Spain}} [[Order of the Golden Fleece|Collar of the Order of the Golden Fleece]]
*{{flag|Spain}} [[Order of Charles III and Saint Fernando|Grand Cross Collar of the Order of Charles III]]
*{{flag|Spain}} [[Order of Charles III and Saint Fernando|Grand Cross Collar of the Order of Charles III]]
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[[Category:Recipients of the Médaille Militaire]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Médaille Militaire]]
[[Category:Grand Croix of the Légion d'honneur]]
[[Category:Grand Croix of the Légion d'honneur]]
[[Category:Recipients of the War Cross (Norway)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit]]
[[Category:Recipients of the War Medal (Norway)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Liberator General San Martin]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Decoration of Honour for Merit]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Rose]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Merit (Chile)]]
[[Category:Order of the Dannebrog]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Solomon]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the White Rose of Finland]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Redeemer]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. George and St. Constantine]]
[[Category:Recipients of the War Cross (Greece)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Tadj]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Chrysanthemum]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Aztec Eagle]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the House of Orange]]
[[Category:Recipients of the War Cross (Netherlands)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Medaille d'Installation Solennelle]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Sun (Peru)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Aviz]]
[[Category:Order of the Crown (Romania) recipients]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Saxe-Ernestine House Order]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Golden Fleece]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Charles III and Saint Fernando]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Seraphim]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Royal House of Chakri]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Independence]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Yugoslav Star]]
[[Category:Norwegians of German descent]]
[[Category:Norwegians of German descent]]
[[Category:Norwegians of English descent]]
[[Category:Norwegians of English descent]]

Revision as of 15:43, 10 June 2010

Olav V
King of Norway
Reign21 September 1957 - 17 January 1991 (33 years, 118 days)
Consecration22 June 1958(1958-06-22) (aged 54)[1]
PredecessorHaakon VII
SuccessorHarald V
Burial30 January 1991
Akershus Castle, Oslo
SpousePrincess Märtha of Sweden
IssuePrincess Ragnhild
Princess Astrid
Harald V of Norway
Names
Olav, né Alexander Edward Christian Frederik
HouseHouse of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
FatherHaakon VII of Norway
MotherMaud of Wales
Olav V
Medal record
Olympic Games
Sailing
Gold medal – first place 1928 Amsterdam Sailing 6 m mixed

Olav V (2 July 1903 – 17 January 1991) was the king of Norway from 1957 until his death.

A member of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, Olav was born in the United Kingdom as the son of Prince Carl of Denmark and Princess Maud of the United Kingdom and given the names Alexander Edward Christian Frederik. He became Crown Prince and only heir to the throne of Norway when his father was elected king in 1905. He was the first heir to the Norwegian throne to be brought up in Norway since Olav IV, and his parents made sure he was given as Norwegian an upbringing as possible. In preparation for his royal duties, he attended both civilian and military schools. In 1929, he married his first and second cousin Princess Märtha of Sweden. During World War II his leadership was much appreciated and he was appointed Norwegian Chief of Defence in 1944. Succeeding to the throne in 1957, he enjoyed a very high level of popularity and respect throughout his reign, in which he was able to balance regality and approachability. Upon his death in 1991, the Norwegian public displayed a great demonstration of mourning. At his death, he was the last surviving grandchild of Edward VII of the United Kingdom and Alexandra of Denmark.

Birth and early life

Born in Appleton House, Flitcham, Sandringham estate, Norfolk, United Kingdom to Prince Carl of Denmark and Princess Maud of Wales, (daughter of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom), he was given the names and title of Alexander Edward Christian Frederik, Prince of Denmark. He was given the name Olav when his father became King Haakon VII of Norway in 1905.[2]

Olav was the first heir to the throne since medieval times to grow up in Norway. He graduated from the Norwegian Military Academy in 1924, and went on to study jurisprudence and economics at Balliol College, Oxford.

He was an accomplished athlete. Olav jumped from the Holmenkollen ski jump in Oslo, and also competed in sailing regattas. He won a gold medal in sailing at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam and remained an active sailor into old age.

On 21 March 1929 in Oslo, he married his first cousin Princess Märtha of Sweden with whom he had one son, Harald, and two daughters, Ragnhild and Astrid. As exiles during World War II, Crown Princess Märtha and the Royal children lived in Washington, D.C., where she struck up a close friendship with Franklin D. Roosevelt. She died in 1954, before her husband ascended the throne.

The British Film Institute houses an early film, made in 1913, in which a miniature car commissioned by Queen Alexandra for the Crown Prince Olav tows a procession of Londoners through the streets of the capital, before being delivered to a pair of 'royal testers' of roughly Olav's age.[3]

World War II

As Crown Prince, Olav had received extensive military training and had participated in most major Norwegian military exercises. Because of this he was perhaps one of the most knowledgeable Norwegian military leaders and was respected by other Allied leaders for his knowledge and leadership skills. During a visit to the United States before the war, he and his wife had established a close relationship with President Roosevelt. These factors would prove to be important for the Norwegian fight against the attacking German forces.

During World War II, Olav stood by his father's side in resisting the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany. During the campaign he was a valuable advisor both to civilian and military leaders. When the Norwegian government decided to go into exile, he offered to stay behind with the Norwegian people, but this was declined. He followed his father to the United Kingdom, where he continued to be a key advisor to the government-in-exile and his father.

During the war, Olav made several visits to Norwegian and Allied troops in the United Kingdom, Canada and the United States. In 1944, he was appointed to the post of Norwegian Chief of Defence and after the war he led the Norwegian disarmament of the German occupying forces. His war decorations from other nations, including the War Crosses of Norway, France, Greece and the Netherlands, the US Legion of Merit and the French Médaille Militaire, are testament to the international recognition of his contribution to the war against Hitler.

Reign

Succeeding to the Norwegian Throne in 1957 upon his father's death, Olav reigned as a "People's King," and became extremely popular. He liked to drive his own cars, and would drive in the public lanes, though as a monarch he was allowed to drive in public transport lanes. During the 1973 energy crisis driving was banned on certain weekends. King Olav never wanted to miss an opportunity to go skiing, and while he could have driven legally, he wanted to lead by example. So he dressed up in his skiing outfit, and boarded the Holmenkollbanen suburban railway carrying his skis on his shoulder. Famously, he also attempted to pay for the ride, but the conductor informed him that someone in the back had already paid his ticket.[4] He was later asked how he dared to go out in public without bodyguards. He replied that he had 4 million bodyguards—the entire population of Norway.

For his athletic ability and role as King, Olav V earned the Holmenkollen medal in 1968. He had a strong interest in military matters and took his role as titular Commander-in-Chief very seriously. As well as his ceremonial roles in the Norwegian Army, he also served as Colonel-in-Chief of the Green Howards (Alexandra, Princess of Wales's Yorkshire Regiment), the British regiment named for his grandmother Queen Alexandra.

The King represented Norway extensively abroad during his reign, conducting state visits to both neighbouring countries and more distant destinations such as Ethiopia.

King Olav V opened the 14th World Scout Jamboree in July 1975 in the presence of 17,259 Scouts from 94 countries.

During the summer of 1990, the King suffered from health problems, but recovered somewhat during Christmas the same year. An interview given by King Harald V, and hints in a biography by the retired politician Jo Benkow, mentions the possibility that King Olav suffered a great trauma during the outbreak of the first Gulf War 17 January 1991. He collapsed during the day and died in the evening of a myocardial infarction. His son claimed that Olav relived the events of the Second World War, which he himself had experienced (the Nazi occupation of Norway), and really believed that the transmitted messages from the new war foreboded World War III. This, he could not bear.[citation needed]

The night after he died (at the Royal Lodge Kongsseteren in Oslo), and for several days up until the state funeral, Norway saw a great demonstration of mourning as Norwegians lit hundreds of thousands of candles in the courtyard outside the Royal Palace in Oslo, with letters and cards placed amongst them. The National Archives have preserved all these cards.

Olav's son Harald V succeeded him as King.

  • Crown Prince Olav arrives in Norway in 1905 on his father's arm and is greeted by Prime Minister Christian Michelsen
    Crown Prince Olav arrives in Norway in 1905 on his father's arm and is greeted by Prime Minister Christian Michelsen
  • Drawing, 1906, by Andreas Bloch
    Drawing, 1906, by Andreas Bloch
  • Märtha and Olav on the cover of Time on the occasion of their wedding
    Märtha and Olav on the cover of Time on the occasion of their wedding
  • Crown Prince Olav and his father King Haakon VII take shelter under birch trees as the German Luftwaffe bombs Molde
    Crown Prince Olav and his father King Haakon VII take shelter under birch trees as the German Luftwaffe bombs Molde
  • Märtha and Olav in 1950.
    Märtha and Olav in 1950.
  • Olav in 1921 as Crown Prince.
    Olav in 1921 as Crown Prince.

Honours

Orders and medals

Other honours

Ancestors

Norwegian Royalty
House of Oldenburg
(Glücksburg branch)
Haakon VII
Children
Olav V
Olav V
Children
Princess Ragnhild, Mrs. Lorentzen
Princess Astrid, Mrs. Ferner
Harald V
Harald V
Children
Princess Märtha Louise
Crown Prince Haakon
Grandchildren
Princess Ingrid Alexandra
Prince Sverre Magnus
Family of Olav V
16. Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
8. Christian IX of Denmark
17. Princess Louise Caroline of Hesse-Cassel
4. Frederick VIII of Denmark
18. Landgrave William of Hesse-Kassel
9. Princess Louise of Hesse-Kassel
19. Princess Louise Charlotte of Denmark
2. Haakon VII of Norway
20. Oscar I of Sweden
10. Charles XV of Sweden
21. Josephine of Leuchtenberg
5. Princess Louise of Sweden
22. Prince Frederick of the Netherlands
11. Princes Louise of the Netherlands
23. Princess Louise of Prussia
1. Olav V of Norway
24. Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
12. Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
25. Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
6. Edward VII of the United Kingdom
26. Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn
13. Victoria of the United Kingdom
27. Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
3. Princess Maud of Wales
28. Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (= 16)
14. Christian IX of Denmark (= 8)
29. Princess Louise Caroline of Hesse-Cassel (= 17)
7. Princess Alexandra of Denmark
30. Landgrave William of Hesse-Kassel (= 18)
15. Princess Louise of Hesse-Kassel (= 9)
31. Princess Louise Charlotte of Denmark (= 19)

Titles from birth to death

Styles King Olav bore from birth to death, in chronological order:

  • His Highness Prince Alexander of Denmark 1903–1905
  • His Royal Highness The Crown Prince of Norway 1905–1957
  • His Majesty The King of Norway 1957–1991
Styles of
King Olav V of Norway
Reference styleHis Majesty
Spoken styleYour Majesty
Alternative styleSir

References

  1. ^ Coronation discarded by constitutional amendment in 1908. Olav V instead received the benediction in the Nidaros Cathedral.
  2. ^ "Olav to Martha". Time Magazine. 21 January 1929. Retrieved 17 January 2009. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  3. ^ [1]
  4. ^ Article from NRK on the king Featuring a photo of the event and explanatory text Template:No icon. Retrieved 24 November 2006
  5. ^ "People". Time Magazine. 26 October 1962. p. 1. Retrieved 17 January 2009. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  6. ^ Royal House of Norway web page on King Olav V's decorations (Norwegian) Retrieved 5 October 2007
  7. ^ Solholm, Rolleiv (14 November 2008). "King Harald receives honorary title". Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation. Norway Post. Retrieved 14 November 2008. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Unknown parameter |curly= ignored (help)
  8. ^ "No. 41815". The London Gazette (invalid |supp= (help)). 11 September 1959.
Olav V
Cadet branch of the House of Oldenburg
Born: 2 July 1903 Died: 17 January 1991
Political offices
Preceded by Chief of Defence of Norway
1944-1945 		Succeeded by
Regnal titles
Preceded by King of Norway
1957-1991 		Succeeded by
Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%3ADiff%2F367225000