Cognitive bias is distortion in the way we perceive reality (see also cognitive distortion).

Some of these have been verified empirically in the field of psychology, others are considered general categories of bias.

• anchoring
• androcentric bias
• anthropic bias
• anthropocentric bias
• attribution, attributional bias
  • fundamental attribution error
  • group attribution error
• availability error
• bandwagon effect
• Barnum effect
• base rate neglect
• behavioral confirmation
• belief bias
• belief perseverance
• bias blind spot
• clustering illusion
• confirmation bias
• conjunction fallacy
• contrast effect
• cultural bias
• dilution effect
• disconfirmation bias
• egocentric bias
• endowment effect
• expectancy effect
• experimenter's regress
• false consensus effect
• framing effect
• gambler's fallacy
• group-serving bias
• halo effect
• hindsight bias
• hostile media effect
• hyperbolic discounting
• illusion of control
• illusion of validity
• illusory correlation
• impact bias
• inequity aversion
• infrastructure bias
• ingroup bias
• just-world phenomenon
• Kuleshov effect
• Lake Wobegon effect
• logical fallacy
• loss aversion
• matching bias
• media bias
• memory bias
• mere exposure effect
• misinformation effect
• negative perception of the color black
• negativity effect
• notational bias
• outgroup homogeneity bias
• overconfidence effect
• peak-end rule
• physical attractiveness stereotype
• picture superiority effect
• planning fallacy
• positivity effect
• preference reversal
• primacy effect
• priming
• projection bias
• pseudocertainty effect
• pseudo-opinion
• publication bias
• recency effect
• regression fallacy
• reporting bias
• risk-aversion
• rosy retrospection
• sample bias
• selection bias
• selective perception
• self-deception
• self-serving bias
• serial position effect
• spacing effect
• statistical bias
• status quo bias
• sunk cost effects
• trait ascription bias
• tunnel vision
• valence effect
• Von Restorff effect
• wishful thinking
• worse-than-average effect
• Zeigarnik effect

Common theoretical causes of some cognitive biases:

• attribution theory, especially:
  • salience
• cognitive dissonance, and related:
  • impression management
  • self-perception theory
• heuristics, including:
  • availability heuristic
  • representativeness heuristic

Other cognitive biases:

• list of memory biases
• optical illusion
• auditory illusion
• touch illusion
• carbon chauvinism

• Plous, S. (1993). The Psychology of Judgment and Decision Making. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0070504776
• Gilovich, T. (1993). How We Know What Isn't So: The Fallibility of Human Reason in Everyday Life. New York: The Free Press. ISBN 0029117062
• Kahneman, D., Slovic, P. & Tversky, A. (Eds.). (1982). Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521284147
• Gilovich, T., Griffin D. & Kahneman, D. (Eds.). (2002). Heuristics and biases: The psychology of intuitive judgment. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521796792