Strength of materials: Difference between revisions
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[[fr:Résistance des matériaux]] |
[[fr:Résistance des matériaux]] |
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'''Strength of materials''' is the study of strength and elastic behaviour of engineering materials. Strength is considered in terms of compressive strength, [[tensile strength]], and [[shear strength]]. |
'''Strength of materials''' is the study of strength and elastic behaviour of engineering materials. Strength is considered in terms of [[compressive strength]], [[tensile strength]], and [[shear strength]]. |
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'''[[Tensile stress]]''' is a loading that tends to produce stretching on a material by the application of axially directed '''pulling''' forces. Materials can withstand some tensile loading, but if enough force is applied, they will eventually break into two parts. [[Steel]] is an example of a material with high tensile strength. |
'''[[Tensile stress]]''' is a loading that tends to produce stretching on a material by the application of axially directed '''pulling''' forces. Materials can withstand some tensile loading, but if enough force is applied, they will eventually break into two parts. [[Steel]] is an example of a material with high tensile strength. |
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'''[[Compressive stress]]''' is a loading that tends to compact a material. |
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'''Compressive strength''' is the capacity of a material to withstand axially directed '''pushing''' forces. When the limit of compressive strength is reached, materials are crushed. [[Concrete]] can be made to have high compressive strength. |
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'''Shear stress''' is caused when a force is applied to produce a '''sliding''' failure of a material along a plane that is parallel to the direction of the applied force. |
'''Shear stress''' is caused when a force is applied to produce a '''sliding''' failure of a material along a plane that is parallel to the direction of the applied force. |
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Revision as of 23:26, 9 January 2004
Strength of materials is the study of strength and elastic behaviour of engineering materials. Strength is considered in terms of compressive strength, tensile strength, and shear strength.
Tensile stress is a loading that tends to produce stretching on a material by the application of axially directed pulling forces. Materials can withstand some tensile loading, but if enough force is applied, they will eventually break into two parts. Steel is an example of a material with high tensile strength.
Compressive stress is a loading that tends to compact a material.
Shear stress is caused when a force is applied to produce a sliding failure of a material along a plane that is parallel to the direction of the applied force.
Ultimate strength is an attribute directly related to a material, rather than just specific specimen of the material, and as such is quoted force per unit of cross section area (). For example, Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) of mild steel is . It is useful to remember that .
Factor of Safety is a designed constraint that an engineered component or structure must achieve. FS = UTS/f. For example to achieve a factor of safety of 4, a the allowable stress on a mild steel component can be worked out as .
