Geographic data and information is defined in the ISO/TC 211 series of standards as data and information having an implicit or explicit association with a location relative to Earth (a geographic location or geographic position).^[1][2] It is also called geospatial data and information,^{[citation needed]} georeferenced data and information,^{[citation needed]} as well as geodata and geoinformation.^{[citation needed]}

Location information (known by the many names mentioned here) is stored in a geographic information system (GIS).

There are also many different types of geodata, including vector files, raster files, geographic databases, web files, and multi-temporal data.

Spatial data or spatial information is broader class of data whose geometry is relevant but it is not necessarily georeferenced, such as in computer-aided design (CAD), see geometric modeling.

Geographic data and information are the subject of a number of overlapping fields of study, mainly:

• Geocomputation
• Geographic information science
  • Geographic information science and technology
• Geoinformatics
• Geomatics
• Geovisualization

"Geospatial technology" may refer to any of "geomatics", "geomatics", or "geographic information technology."

The above is in addition to other related fields, such as:

• Cartography
• Geodesy
• Geography
• Geostatistics
• Photogrammetry
• Remote sensing
• Spatial data analysis
• Surveying
• Topography

• Geomatics engineering
• Earth observation data
• Geographic feature
• Georeferencing
• Geospatial intelligence
• Ubiquitous geographic information

• Roger A. Longhorn; Michael Blakemore (2007). Geographic Information: Value, Pricing, Production, and Consumption. CRC Press.

• Media related to Geographic data and information at Wikimedia Commons