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Skalná

Skalná
Town
View of the town
View of the town
Flag of Skalná
Flag
Coat of arms of Skalná
Coat of arms
Skalná is located in Czech Republic
Skalná
Skalná
Location in the Czech Republic
Coordinates: 50°10′14″N 12°21′41″E / 50.17056°N 12.36139°E / 50.17056; 12.36139
Country Czech Republic
RegionKarlovy Vary
DistrictCheb
First mentioned1224
Government
 • MayorRita Skalová (ODS)
Area
 • Total
23.44 km2 (9.05 sq mi)
Elevation
465 m (1,526 ft)
Population
 (2024-01-01)[1]
 • Total
1,906
 • Density81/km2 (210/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
351 34
Websitewww.skalna.cz

Skalná (Czech pronunciation: [ˈskalnaː]; until 1950 Vildštejn, German: Wildstein) is a town in Cheb District in the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,900 inhabitants.

Administrative parts

The villages of Kateřina, Starý Rybník, Vonšov and Zelená are administrative parts of Skalná.

Etymology

The original German name Wildstein (i.e. 'wild rock') is most likely derived from the location of the town on a rocky promontory, and from the abundance of game in the forests. The Czech name Vildštejn was created by transcription. After World War II, the town was renamed Skalná (from skála, i.e. 'rock').[2]

Geography

Skalná is located about 10 kilometres (6 mi) north of Cheb and 35 km (22 mi) west of Karlovy Vary. It lies on the border with Germany. The eastern part of the municipal territory lies in the Cheb Basin and the western part lies in the Fichtel Mountains. The highest point is the hill Lužský vrch at 606 m (1,988 ft) above sea level. The territory is rich in small fishponds and streams.

Skalná is known for the Soos National Nature Reserve, which is nicknamed "Czech Yellowstone". It is an extensive peat bog and moor, where a large number of mineral springs and pure carbon dioxide spring up in the form of mofettas. There is an educational trail leading along the bottom of a dry lake, which had salt water.[3]

History

The first written mention of Vildštejn is from 1224. The settlement was founded around 1200 in the sub-castle area of Vildštejn Castle. It was owned by various noble families, most notably by the House of Gumerauer (1439–1524), by the Wirsberg family (1531–1590s), who made history not only as robbers, but also as builders of a new church and Renaissance castle, and by the Trauttenberg family (1590s–1799).[2]

In 1950, the name of the municipality was changed to Skalná.[4]

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
18694,011—    
18803,787−5.6%
18903,625−4.3%
19003,483−3.9%
19103,813+9.5%
YearPop.±%
19213,384−11.3%
19303,994+18.0%
19501,847−53.8%
19612,043+10.6%
19701,839−10.0%
YearPop.±%
19801,708−7.1%
19911,563−8.5%
20011,670+6.8%
20111,836+9.9%
20211,922+4.7%
Source: Censuses[5][6]

Transport

Skalná is located on the railway line Cheb–Luby.[7]

Sights

Vildštejn Castle

The Romanesque Vildštejn Castle was founded in 1166. It was inhabited until the 19th century, when it was transformed into a malting plant. Today it is a museum.[8]

The Church of Saint John the Baptist was originally a Gothic structure founded by the Teutonic Order, first mentioned in 1320. In 1705–1709, it was rebuilt in the Baroque style.[9]

In Starý Rybník are ruins of a Gothic castle, built in the mid-14th century. After the fire in 1792, a new aristocratic residence was built next to the medieval castle in 1823–1826. Two ground-floor rooms (probably a prison), perimeter walls and the rest of the corner tower have been preserved from the old castle. Both castles are privately owned and inaccessible.[10]

Notable people

Twin towns – sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in the Czech Republic

Skalná is twinned with:[11]

References

  1. ^ "Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2024". Czech Statistical Office. 2024-05-17.
  2. ^ a b "Historie Skalné" (in Czech). Město Skalná. Retrieved 2022-06-02.
  3. ^ "Národní přírodní rezervace Soos – český Yellowstone nedaleko Františkových Lázní" (in Czech). CzechTourism. Retrieved 2022-06-02.
  4. ^ "Vyhláška č. 13/1951 Sb". Zákony pro lidi (in Czech). Retrieved 2023-05-24.
  5. ^ "Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011" (in Czech). Czech Statistical Office. 2015-12-21.
  6. ^ "Population Census 2021: Population by sex". Public Database. Czech Statistical Office. 2021-03-27.
  7. ^ "Detail stanice Skalná" (in Czech). České dráhy. Retrieved 2024-07-16.
  8. ^ "Hrad Vildštejn ve Skalné u Chebu" (in Czech). CzechTourism. Retrieved 2022-06-02.
  9. ^ "Kostel sv. Jana Křtitele" (in Czech). Město Skalná. Retrieved 2022-06-02.
  10. ^ "Hrad a zámek Starý rybník" (in Czech). CzechTourism. Retrieved 2024-07-16.
  11. ^ "Home Page" (in Czech). Město Skalná. Retrieved 2022-06-02.
Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skaln%C3%A1