Shimomura (written: 下村) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

• Eiji Shimomura (下村 英士, born 1959), Japanese volleyball player
• Hakubun Shimomura (下村 博文, born 1954), Japanese politician
• Kanzan Shimomura (下村 観山, 1873–1930), Japanese Nihonga painter
• Kotaro Shimomura (下村 孝太郎, 1861–1937), Japanese chemical engineer
• Osamu Shimomura (下村 脩, 1928–2018), Japanese organic chemist and marine biologist
• Osamu Shimomura (economist) (下村 治, 1910–1989), Japanese economist
• Roger Shimomura (born 1939), American artist and academic
• Sadamu Shimomura (下村 定, 1887–1968), Japanese general
• Tomi Shimomura (下村 東美, born 1980), Japanese footballer
• Tsutomu Shimomura (下村 努, born 1964), American physicist and computer security expert
• Yoko Shimomura (下村 陽子, born 1967), Japanese composer and pianist
• Yukio Shimomura (下村 幸男, born 1932), Japanese footballer and manager

• Shimamura