Shimazu is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

• Esther Shimazu (born 1957), American/Hawaiian sculptor
• Saeko Shimazu (born 1959), Japanese voice actress
• Shimazu clan, daimyō of the Satsuma han
• Shimazu Hisamitsu (1817-1887), Japanese samurai prince
• Shimazu Katsuhisa (1503-1573), the fourteenth head of the Shimazu clan
• Shimazu Nariakira (1809-1858), Japanese feudal lord (daimyō)
• Raisei Shimazu (島津 頼盛, born 1999), Japanese footballer
• Shimazu Tadahisa (died 1227), founder of the Shimazu clan
• Shimazu Tadatsune (1576-1638), Tozama daimyō of Satsuma
• Shimazu Tadayoshi (1493-1568), daimyō (feudal lord) of Satsuma
• Shimazu Takahisa (1514-1571), daimyō during Japan's Sengoku period
• Shimazu Toshihisa (1537-1592), senior retainer to the Shimazu clan
• Shimazu Yoshihiro (1535-1619), general of the Shimazu clan
• Shimazu Yoshihisa (1533-1611), daimyō of Satsuma
• Takako Shimazu (born 1939), Japanese princess
• Yasujirō Shimazu (1897–1945), Japanese film director