Shimabara can refer to any of the following:

• Shimabara, Nagasaki, a city in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan
• Shimabara Peninsula, the geographic feature that hosts Shimabara, Nagasaki
• Shimabara Castle, in Shimabara, Nagasaki
• Shimabara Rebellion (also known as the Battle or Siege of Shimabara), a 1637 uprising of residents of the Nagasaki area against the Shōgun's anti-Christian policies
• Shimabara, Kyoto, an entertainment quarter in Kyoto, Japan