Shchukin or Schukin is a male Russian surname. Its feminine counterpart is Shchukina or Schukina. It may refer to

• Albert Shchukin (born 1971), Russian association football coach and player
• Aleksandr Vladimirovich Shchukin (1946–1988), Soviet test pilot and cosmonaut
• Aleksandr Yuryevich Shchukin (1969–2000), Russian professional footballer
• Anatoly Shchukin (1916–1983), Soviet stage and voice actor
• Boris Shchukin (1894–1939), Soviet actor
• Lev Shchukin (1923–2009), Soviet fighter pilot
• Sergei Shchukin (1854–1936), Russian businessman and art collector
• Stepan Shchukin (1754–1828), Russian portrait and watercolor painter
• Vladimir Shchukin (born 1952), Soviet Olympic gymnast
• Yuri Schukin (born 1979), Russian-born Kazakhstani tennis player
• Anna Shchukina (born 1987), Russian Olympic ice hockey player
• Olga Shchukina (born 1977), Olympic shot putter from Uzbekistan