Sham may refer to:

• Al-Sham or Shām (شام), is the Arabic term for the Greater Syria region, that is called in English the Levant or the eastern Mediterranean, including the modern countries of Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, Jordan, Cyprus, and Turkey's Hatay Province.
  • Bilad al-Sham, the Caliphate province of the same region
  • Jund al-Sham, militant group based in Afghanistan, meaning "Army of Syria"
• Sham el-Nessim, Egyptian holiday marking the beginning of spring
• Sham, or Alsahm, the Arabic name for the star Alpha Sagittae

• Fraud
  • Sham drug as a quack remedy
  • Sham election, another name for a show election
  • Sham marriage, a marriage entered into with intent to deceive
  • Sham peer review, a fraudulent or malicious form of peer review
• Hoax
• Placebo, any drug, surgery, or other treatment with intentional (and usually blinded) lack of efficacy
  • Sham drug as a placebo used in a single- or double-blinded control group of experiments (see treatment and control groups)
  • Sham surgery, surgery omitting the therapeutic component, performed in the single-blinded control group of experiments
• Name of a person or group of people:
  • Sam the Sham (born 1937), stage name of U.S. rock singer Domingo “Sam” Samudio
  • Sham, nickname of Art Shamsky (born 1941), American Major League Baseball outfielder and Israel Baseball League manager
  • Sham 69, English punk band
• Title of a work of art
  • Sham (film), a lost 1921 silent film based on a Broadway play starring Ethel Clayton
  • Sham (play), a 1920 one-act stage play by Frank G. Tompkins
• Other uses
  • Sham, a name for the cover of a pillow
  • SHAM, salicylhydroxamic acid, a drug that works against urinary tract infections

• Kohn–Sham equations, named after Walter Kohn and Lu Jeu Sham
• Sham Chun River, on the border of Hong Kong and mainland China
• Sham Shui Po District, a district of Hong Kong
• Sham Kwok Fai (born 1984), association football player from Hong Kong

• Sham (name), list of people with the name
• Sham (horse), American Thoroughbred horse born in 1970 who won multiple graded stakes races
  • Sham Stakes, a race named for the horse
• Sham, Iran
• Sham, a character in the X-Men 2099 comic book series
• Sham Pain, a single by American heavy metal band Five Finger Death Punch from And Justice For None
• Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode (SHAM), a climate pattern

• Shaam (disambiguation)
• Shama (disambiguation)
• Shyama (disambiguation)
• Shams (disambiguation)
• Syria (disambiguation)
• Shyam or Sham, an Indian male given name