Shadow

Full name	Shadow Racing Cars Inc.
Base	Northampton, United Kingdom
Founder(s)	Don Nichols
Noted staff	Jackie Oliver Alan Rees Jo Ramírez
Noted drivers	Jean-Pierre Jarier Alan Jones Tom Pryce Peter Revson George Follmer
Formula One World Championship career
First entry	1973 South African Grand Prix
Races entered	112
Constructors' Championships	0
Drivers' Championships	0
Race victories	1
Pole positions	3
Fastest laps	2
Final entry	1980 French Grand Prix

Shadow Racing Cars was a Formula One and sports car racing team.

The sports car racing team, competing in the CanAm series, was founded in 1968 and was based in the United States. The Formula One team was founded in 1973 and was based in Northampton, the United Kingdom.^[1] The Formula One team held an American licence from 1973 to 1975 and a British licence from 1976 to 1980, thus becoming the first Formula One team to officially change its nationality.^[2][3] Their only Formula One victory, at the 1977 Austrian Grand Prix, was achieved as a British team.^[4]

The Shadow name was revived by Bernardo Manfrè in 2020 as an Italian car tuning and luxury brand. The revived Shadow brand currently competes in NASCAR Whelen Euro Series as the MK1 Racing Italia team, currently fielding the No. 16 Shadow DNM8 for Claudio Remigio Cappelli and Alfredo de Matteo and the No. 17 Shadow DNM8 for Manfrè and Francesco Garisto with technical partnership from Race Art Technology.^[5][6]

The company was founded by Don Nichols in California^[7] in 1968 as "Advanced Vehicle Systems"; the cars were called Shadows, designed by Trevor Harris and entered under the Shadow Racing Inc. banner. The first Shadows, the Mk.Is, were entered in the CanAm series with George Follmer and Vic Elford driving them. The Mk.1 featured an innovative design, using very small wheels for low drag and, although the car was quick, it was not the most reliable car in the field.

The team became more competitive the following year, replacing the Harris car with a Peter Bryant design owing some elements to his Ti22 "titanium car" with Jackie Oliver also arriving from this effort and finishing eighth in the CanAm championship. The team also found some financial backing from Universal Oil Products (UOP).

Shadow came to dominate the shortened 1974 series, although by this point they were competing largely against privateers, the works McLaren and Porsche efforts having left the series.

Towards the end of 1972, Nichols announced that he would enter his team into Formula One in the 1973 season with UOP sponsored cars designed by Tony Southgate, who had designed the BRM that gave Jean-Pierre Beltoise victory at the Monaco Grand Prix the previous year.

The team debuted in Formula One at the 1973 South African Grand Prix with the Shadow DN1 chassis. Two cars were available for drivers Oliver and Follmer, as well as one car for the privateer team Embassy Hill of Graham Hill who ran his team alongside the Shadow works team.

For the 1974 season, the team hired two of the most promising drivers of the time: American Peter Revson and Frenchman Jean-Pierre Jarier. During a practice run for the 1974 South African Grand Prix, Revson was killed by a suspension failure on his DN3 car. He was replaced by Tom Pryce.

The new DN5 driven by Jarier gained pole position in the two first Grands Prix of the 1975 season but suffered mechanical failure in both races. The DN5 and most other Shadow Formula One cars used Ford Cosworth DFV engines, which produced around 490 bhp. However, later in 1975, another car was driven by Jarier, the DN7, and was fitted with a Matra V12 engine producing around 550 bhp. The wheelbase was substantially lengthened to accommodate the much larger and more expensive French powerplant, although due to budgetary issues, the Matra-powered DN7 was doomed as a one-off. Jarier's new teammate, Pryce, won the non-championship Race of Champions that same year. Pryce died in an accident involving a marshal at the 1977 South African Grand Prix. The marshal, Frederick Jansen Van Vuuren, had been running across the track to put out a small fire on the other Shadow car and Pryce was unable to avoid the collision because he was un-sighted behind the March of Hans-Joachim Stuck. Pryce struck Van Vuuren at speed and was hit on the head and killed by the fire extinguisher Van Vuuren was carrying. Before Pryce's car finally came to a stop it hit Jacques Laffite's Ligier resulting in both cars crashing into the barriers. Van Vuuren's injuries were so severe that he could initially only be identified by his absence from a marshal's meeting after the accident.

The team replaced Pryce with Alan Jones, who won the team's only Grand Prix at the Austrian Grand Prix the same year. Zorzi would only last 2 more rounds after the South African Grand Prix, eventually being replaced by future Grand Prix winner Riccardo Patrese in Monaco.

After the 1977 season Shadow entered into a sharp decline. Jones left to join Williams for 1978. In the same period a majority of their staff and their sponsor Franco Ambrosio left to form their team, Arrows, taking the young Riccardo Patrese. Despite sponsorship from Villiger tobacco and the signing of experienced drivers Clay Regazzoni and Hans-Joachim Stuck for the 1978 season, results were poor, with three fifth-place finishes, two by Regazzoni and one by Stuck. Regazzoni would have an indian summer teaming up with Jones at Williams for 1979, winning the 1979 British Grand Prix, while Stuck went to ATS for what turned out to be his final season in F1. For 1979, the team employed two young drivers, Dutchman Jan Lammers and Italian Elio de Angelis. The team only had one points finish all year, with de Angelis' 4th coming at the 1979 United States Grand Prix. After that season, de Angelis left to join the Lotus outfit while Lammers replaced Stuck at ATS. In 1980 they were absorbed into Theodore Racing, but Shadow's first ground effect chassis was largely uncompetitive, only once qualifying a car in seven races, with three different drivers (Geoff Lees, who gave Shadow their only qualification at the South African Grand Prix; David Kennedy; and Stefan Johansson). Sponsorship dried up and after the seventh of the year's 14 races Teddy Yip wound up the Shadow team.

In 2020, 40 years after Shadow last raced in Formula One, it was announced that the Shadow Racing Cars name will be revived by Italian entrepreneur and racing driver Bernardo Manfrè as an Italian car tuning and luxury brand. Plans have been announced by the revived Shadow to develop a hypercar called Hypercar Shadow and a modified variant of the Dodge Challenger known as the Dodge Challenger Shadow DNB8 (later renamed as the Shadow DNM8). Shadow Racing Cars also entered the NASCAR Whelen Euro Series in 2020 under the banner of Swiss-based team 42 Racing, fielding owner Manfrè in the team's No. 17 Ford Mustang along with Luigi Ferrara and Francesco Garisto in the No. 42 Ford Mustang.^[5][8][9] While the team was initially scheduled to enter the full-season, the team missed the second half of the season after members of the Shadow team was tested positive for COVID-19 prior to both NASCAR GP Croatia at Rijeka and Valencian Super Speedweek at Valencia.^[10]

The team would make its return in 2021 with a Shadow DNM8-based chassis, the first racing chassis to be entered under the Shadow Racing Cars name since the Shadow DN12 was last raced in the 1980 French Grand Prix.^[11] The team's EuroNASCAR 2 driver Francesco Garisto finished fifth with the #42 Shadow DNM8 that year after scoring two podium finishes at Most and Vallelunga. Shadow and 42 Racing parted ways at the conclusion of the 2021 season and the team would begin to compete under the MK1 Racing Italia banner starting from the 2022 season and moved the team's base from Lugano to Bollate in Italy. Shadow would retain Manfrè and Garisto, now competing with the #17 team, as they signed Claudio Remigio Cappelli and Alfredo de Matteo to compete with the #16 team, which was rebranded from the #42 team. Shadow would also receive technical support from fellow competitor Race Art Technology to help field the two Shadow DNM8's in 2022.^[6][12]

Year	Car	Image	Category
1970	AVS Shadow		Can-Am Group 7
1971	Shadow Mk.II		Can-Am Group 7
1972	Shadow DN2		Can-Am Group 7
1973	Shadow DN1		Formula One
1974	Shadow DN3		Formula One
	Shadow DN4		Can-Am Group 7
1975	Shadow DN5		Formula One
	Shadow DN6		Formula 5000
	Shadow DN7		Formula One
1976	Shadow DN8		Formula One
1978	Shadow DN9		Formula One
1980	Shadow DN11		Formula One
	Shadow DN12		Formula One

(key)

Year	Name	Chassis	Engines	Tyres	Drivers	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	Points	WCC
1973	UOP Shadow Racing	DN1	Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8	G		ARG	BRA	RSA	ESP	BEL	MON	SWE	FRA	GBR	NED	GER	AUT	ITA	CAN	USA			9	8th
					Jackie Oliver			Ret	Ret	Ret	10	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	8	Ret	11	3	15
					George Follmer			6	3	Ret	DNS	14	Ret	Ret	10	Ret	Ret	10	17	14
					Brian Redman															DSQ
1974	UOP Shadow Racing	DN1 DN3	Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8	G		ARG	BRA	RSA	ESP	BEL	MON	SWE	NED	FRA	GBR	GER	AUT	ITA	CAN	USA			7	8th
					Peter Revson	Ret	Ret	DNP
					Brian Redman				7	18	Ret
					Bertil Roos							Ret
					Tom Pryce								Ret	Ret	8	6	Ret	10	Ret	NC
					Jean-Pierre Jarier	Ret	Ret	DNP	NC	13	3	5	Ret	12	Ret	8	8	Ret	Ret	10
1975	UOP Shadow Racing	DN3 DN5	Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8	G		ARG	BRA	RSA	ESP	MON	BEL	SWE	NED	FRA	GBR	GER	AUT	ITA	USA				9.5	6th
					Tom Pryce	12†	Ret	9	Ret	Ret	6	Ret	6	Ret	RetP	4	3‡	6	NC
					Jean-Pierre Jarier	DNSP	RetPF	Ret	4‡	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	8	14†	Ret			Ret
		DN7	Matra MS73 3.0 V12														Ret	Ret					0	NC
1976	Lucky Strike Shadow Racing Tabatip Shadow Racing	DN5 DN5B DN8	Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8	G		BRA	RSA	USW	ESP	BEL	MON	SWE	FRA	GBR	GER	AUT	NED	ITA	CAN	USA	JPN		10	8th
					Tom Pryce	3	7	Ret	8	10	7	9	8	4	8	Ret	4	8	11	Ret	Ret
					Jean-Pierre Jarier	RetF	Ret	7	Ret	9	8	12	12	9	11	Ret	10	19	18	10	10
1977	Ambrosio Tabatip Shadow Racing	DN5B DN8	Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8	G		ARG	BRA	RSA	USW	ESP	MON	BEL	SWE	FRA	GBR	GER	AUT	NED	ITA	USA	CAN	JPN	23	7th
					Tom Pryce	NC	Ret	Ret
					Riccardo Patrese						9	Ret		Ret	Ret	10		13	Ret		10	6
					Jackie Oliver								9
					Arturo Merzario												Ret
					Jean-Pierre Jarier															9
					Renzo Zorzi	Ret	6	Ret	Ret	Ret
					Alan Jones				Ret	Ret	6	5	17	Ret	7	Ret	1	Ret	3	Ret	4	4
1978	Villiger Shadow Racing	DN8 DN9	Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8	G		ARG	BRA	RSA	USW	MON	BEL	ESP	SWE	FRA	GBR	GER	AUT	NED	ITA	USA	CAN		6	11th
					Hans-Joachim Stuck	17	Ret	DNQ	DNS	Ret	Ret	Ret	11	11	5	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret
					Clay Regazzoni	15	5	DNQ	10	DNQ	Ret	15†	5	Ret	Ret	DNQ	NC	DNQ	NC	14	DNQ
1979	Samson Shadow Racing Interscope Shadow Racing	DN9	Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8	G		ARG	BRA	RSA	USW	ESP	BEL	MON	FRA	GBR	GER	AUT	NED	ITA	CAN	USA			3	10th
					Jan Lammers	Ret	14	Ret	Ret	12	10	DNQ	18	11	10	Ret	Ret	DNQ	9	DNQ
					Elio de Angelis	7	12	Ret	7	Ret	Ret	DNQ	16	12	11	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	4
1980	Theodore Shadow Shadow Cars	DN11 DN12	Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8	G		ARG	BRA	RSA	USW	BEL	MON	FRA	GBR	GER	AUT	NED	ITA	CAN	USA				0	NC
					Stefan Johansson	DNQ	DNQ
					Geoff Lees			13	DNQ	DNQ	DNQ	DNQ
					David Kennedy	DNQ	DNQ	DNQ	DNQ	DNQ	DNQ	DNQ

Notes

• † – The driver did not finish the Grand Prix, but was classified, as he completed over 90% of the race distance.
• ‡ – Half points awarded as less than 75% of the race distance was completed.

(key)

Year	Entrant(s)	Chassis	Engine	Tyres	Driver(s)	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16
1973						ARG	BRA	RSA	ESP	BEL	MON	SWE	FRA	GBR	NED	GER	AUT	ITA	CAN	USA
	Embassy Racing	Shadow DN1	Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8	G	Graham Hill				Ret	9	Ret	Ret	10	Ret	NC	13	Ret	14	16	13
1976						BRA	RSA	USW	ESP	BEL	MON	SWE	FRA	GBR	GER	AUT	NED	ITA	CAN	USA	JPN
	Team P R Reilly	Shadow DN3	Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8	G	Mike Wilds									DNQ
1978						ARG	BRA	RSA	USW	MON	BEL	ESP	SWE	FRA	GBR	GER	AUT	NED	ITA	USA	CAN
	Interscope Racing	Shadow DN9	Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8	G	Danny Ongais				DNPQ									DNPQ