Serov (Russian: Серов) is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Serova. Notable people with the surname include:

• Vasili Serov [ru] (born 1829), A Russian general participating in the Turkestan campaigns
• Aleksander Serov (born 1954), Ukrainian-born Russian popular singer
• Alexander Serov (1820–1871), Russian composer and music critic
• Alexander Serov (cyclist) (born 1982), Russian road and track racing cyclist
• Anna Lidia Vega Serova (born 1968), Cuban writer
• Daria Serova (born 1982), Russian freestyle skier
• Irina Serova (born 1966), Austrian-Soviet badminton player
• Ivan Serov (1905–1990), head of the KGB in 1954–1958 and of the GRU in 1958–1963
• Marina Serova (born 1966), Soviet figure skater
• Roman Serov (b. 1976), Russian-born figure skater competing for Israel
• Valentin Serov (1865–1911), Russian painter
• Valentina Serova (1917–1975), Soviet film and theatre actress
• Valentina Serova (composer) (1846–1924), Russian composer
• Vladimir Serov (footballer) (born 1979), Russian football player
• Vladimir Serov (pilot) (1922–1944), Soviet flying ace
• Yelena Serova (born 1976), Russian cosmonaut

• Serov (town), a town in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia
• Serow, six species of medium-sized goat- or antelope-like mammals in the genus Capricornis