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Scott River

For other uses, see Scott River (disambiguation).
Scott River
Beaver River
Scott River is located in California
Scott River
Location of the mouth of Scott River in California
Location
CountryUnited States
StateCalifornia
RegionSiskiyou County
Physical characteristics
SourceConfluence of South Fork Scott River and East Fork Scott River
 • locationCallahan, California
 • coordinates41°18′45″N 122°48′12″W / 41.31250°N 122.80333°W / 41.31250; -122.80333[1]
 • elevation3,120 ft (950 m)
MouthConfluence with the Klamath River
 • coordinates
41°46′44″N 123°02′06″W / 41.77889°N 123.03500°W / 41.77889; -123.03500[1]
 • elevation
1,460 ft (450 m)[1]
Length60 mi (97 km)
Basin size804 sq mi (2,080 km2)[2]
Discharge 
 • locationnear Fort Jones[3]
 • average627 cu ft/s (17.8 m3/s)[4]
 • minimum3.4 cu ft/s (0.096 m3/s)
 • maximum54,600 cu ft/s (1,550 m3/s)
DesignatedJanuary 19, 1981

The Scott River is a 60-mile-long (97 km)[5] river in Siskiyou County, California, United States. It is a tributary of the Klamath River, one of the largest rivers in California.

History

Historically, fur trappers called the river the Beaver River, before the Hudson's Bay Company nearly extirpated beaver from the area in the early 19th century.[1][6] Scott Valley was first entered ( first Europeans) Stephen Meek, Thomas McKay, George Adolphus Duzel and 16 other Hudson's Bay trappers in 1836. In 1850 alone, Meek reportedly trapped 1,800 beaver in Scott Valley, which was then known as Beaver Valley.[7] Meek, who had hunted all over the West, declared the Beaver Valley one of the best places he had ever seen to trap beaver and hunt game, and returned to retire there at the Josiah Doll ranch from 1871 until his death in 1889 at the age of 90.[8] The 1850 discovery of gold during the California Gold Rush by pioneer John W. Scott at Scott Bar, downriver from Scott Valley, brought many prospectors into the area; Scott's discovery led to the naming of the valley and the river in his honor.

Watershed

The Scott River's watershed covers about 800 square miles (2,100 km2). About two-thirds of the land is privately owned and about one-third is publicly owned. About 45 percent of the land is used for forestry, grazing for 40 percent, 13 percent for cropland and the remaining 2 percent of land is used for various purposes. The Scott River enters the Klamath River above Hamburg, California where its waters flow to the Pacific Ocean.

Habitat and conservation

Dredges that operated in the Scott Valley between 1934 and 1950 did some of the most visible damage done during the mining era. Large Yuba dredges, which also used mercury to process sand and gravel, excavated material 50 to 60 feet (15 to 18 m) below the river channel and flood plains and created piles of tailings more than 25 feet (7.6 m) high downstream of the town of Callahan.[9]

In Sugar Creek, a Scott River tributary that is usually ephemeral, local landowner Betsy Stapleton worked with Michael Pollock of NOAA to create "beaver dam analogues" by driving posts into the creekbed to attract beavers to build dams. Now Stapleton's reach on Sugar Creek has perennial beaver ponds while the neighboring creeks run dry in summer and fall.[10] Pollock's method had been used successfully in Bridge Creek, Oregon where the subsequent increase in beaver dams led to a dramatic increase in rainbow trout abundance.[11]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Scott River
  2. ^ "USGS Gage #11519500 on the Scott River near Scott Bar, CA". National Water Information System. U.S. Geological Survey. 1911–1913. Retrieved 2013-11-02.
  3. ^ "USGS Gage #11519500 on the Scott River near Fort Jones, CA" (PDF). National Water Information System. U.S. Geological Survey. 1941–2012. Retrieved 2013-11-02.
  4. ^ "USGS Gage #11519500 on the Scott River near Fort Jones, CA" (PDF). National Water Information System. U.S. Geological Survey. 1941–2012. Retrieved 2013-11-02.
  5. ^ U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. The National Map, accessed March 9, 2011
  6. ^ Erwin G. Gudde, William Bright (2004). California Place Names:The Origin and Etymology of Current Geographical Names. University of California Press. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-520-24217-3. Retrieved Jan 23, 2010.
  7. ^ Will Harling (2010-11-16). "Restoring Coho Salmon in the Klamath River, One Beaver At A Time". Forest and River News. Archived from the original on 2010-11-16. Retrieved 2010-02-17.
  8. ^ Gail L. Fiorini-Jenner; Monica Jae Hall (2002). Western Siskiyou County: Gold and Dreams. Arcadia Publishing. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-7385-2397-2. Retrieved May 18, 2010.
  9. ^ Sabrina Litton (Spring 2003). "A Review of the History of Water Use throughout the Klamath River Basin" (PDF). Center for Watershed Sciences. University of California Davis. Retrieved 2010-05-19.
  10. ^ Mcgregor Campbell (October 22, 2016). "How beavers could help save the western US from a dry future". New Scientist. Retrieved October 23, 2016.
  11. ^ Pollock, M.M.; J.M. Wheaton; N. Bouwes; C. Volk; N. Weber; C.E. Jordan (2012). Working with beaver to restore salmon habitat in the Bridge Creek intensively monitored watershed: Design rationale and hypotheses, NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-NWFSC-120 (PDF) (Report). U.S. Dept. Commererce. p. 47. Retrieved October 23, 2016.
Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_River