Schinopsis balansae
| Schinopsis balansae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Source: Libro del Árbol, Tome II, Celulosa Argentina S. A., Buenos Aires, Argentina. Credit: Mr. Jorge Vallmitjana | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Sapindales |
| Family: | Anacardiaceae |
| Genus: | Schinopsis |
| Species: | S. balansae |
| Binomial name | |
| Schinopsis balansae | |
| Synonyms[2][3] | |
|
Quebrachia morongii Britton | |
Schinopsis balansae is a hardwood tree known as willow-leaf red quebracho[4] which forms forests in the subtropical Humid Chaco ecoregion of north-eastern Argentina, and Paraguay. It is also found in the wild Pantanal vegetation in Brazil. Some of its vernacular names are quebracho colorado chaqueño and quebracho santafesino. Other species, like Schinopsis lorentzii, bear the general name quebracho and have similar properties and uses. S. balansae shares its habitat with a species of the same genus, S. heterophylla, and the two are often confused.
This tree can reach 24 metres in height and more than one metre in diameter. Its trunk is straight, with a brownish-gray bark. Its wood is extremely heavy (relative density = 1.2). Its main use is the extraction of quebracho extract, which is 63% pure tannin.
The tree was declared Argentina's "National Forest Tree" in 1956.[5]
Chemistry
Leuco-fisetinidin, a flavan-3,4-diol (leucoanthocyanidin) and a monomer of the condensed tannins called profisetinidins, can be extracted from the heartwoods of S. balansae.[6]
References
- ^ Americas Regional Workshop (1998). "Schinopsis balansae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1998. Conservation Sustainable Management of Trees, Costa Rica, November 1996. Retrieved 12 May 2006.
- ^ "Schinopsis balansae Engl". Plants of the World Online. The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. n.d. Retrieved May 22, 2023.
- ^ "Schinopsis balansae Engl". Catalogue of Life. Species 2000. n.d. Retrieved May 22, 2023.
- ^ "Schinopsis balansae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
- ^ "Declárase "Arbol Forestal Nacional" al (Schinopsis Balansea Engl) "Quebracho colorado chaqueño"" (in Spanish). Secretaría de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable de la Nación. 1956-08-21. Retrieved 2012-02-25.
- ^ Roux, DG; Evelyn, SR (October 1958). "Condensed tannins. 2. Biogenesis of condensed tannins based on leucoanthocyanins". Biochem. J. 70 (2): 344–9. doi:10.1042/bj0700344. PMC 1196676. PMID 16748787.